Mmaraka oa Libonto oa Danish o Akarelitsoeng
Ho latela European Mortgage Federation, Danish mortgage system e fana ka e 'ngoe ea litefiso tse tlase haholo tsa tsoala ho ba alimang Europe eohle le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho alima bakeng sa karolo ea pele ea boleng ba thepa ka lebaka la sistimi e ikhethang ea mekoloto ea Denmark. Motsoako oa moralo o laoloang ka thata, taolo ea mekitlane le likotsi le lichelete tse kholo ka mokhoa oa phetisetso e fana ka maemo a lichelete a haufi le a mebaraka ea limmaraka ka ho fana ka li-bond ka bonngoe tse lokiselitsoeng ho moalimi e mong le e mong. Theko e phahameng ea lichelete le ho khahleha ha li-bond ka lebaka la boemo bo phahameng ba ts'ireletso ba alimang ba alimang litheko tse tlase haholo le tse nang le tlholisano.
Ka palo e ka bang li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 330.000, 'maraka oa Danish oa mortgage bond ke 'maraka oa bobeli o moholo o koahetsoeng oa libonto Europe, kamora 'maraka oa Jeremane oa Pfandbrief. E kholo ka makhetlo a fetang a mane ho feta 'maraka oa libonto tsa mmuso oa Danish le likalimo tse tsoang libankeng tsa mekoloto ea matlo ho feta tse tsoang libankeng tsa khoebo. Batseteli ba bond haholo-holo ke mekhatlo ea lichelete, lichelete tsa penshene le lichelete tse kopanetsoeng.
Reka ntlo Denmark
Ka 1795, mollo o ile oa hohola Copenhagen ’me kotara ea motse oa chesoa ka ho feletseng. Ho ne ho hlokahala chelete e ngata ho tsosolosa motse oo. Ka nako eo, sekhahla se phahameng sa tsoala se ne se behiloe ke molao ho 4%, 'me lichelete ka tloaelo li ne li fanoa e le likalimo tsa motho tse sa sireletsoang. Ka lebaka leo, phepelo ea mokoloto e ne e fokola. Tlhokahalo ea tšireletseho e ile ea e-ba ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho ba alimang chelete.
Ka 1849, Denmark e ile ea fumana molao-motheo o mocha o neng o akarelletsa litokisetso tsa tokoloho ea ho kopana (Danish: foreningsfrihed). Molao oa pele oa Mokoloto oa Mokoloto oa Danish o ile oa fetisoa ka 1850, 'me litsi tse ncha tsa mekoloto ea mekoloto li ile tsa thehoa haufinyane kamora moo. Ho fapana le Husejernes Kreditkasse, mekhatlo e mecha e ne e le mekhatlo (Danish: Kreditforeninger) ea ba alimang, le hoja ba ne ba ntse ba le tlas'a melato e kopanetsoeng le e 'maloa. Likalimo li ile tsa tiisetsoa ka mortgage ea pele. Likalimo li ne li ke ke tsa feta 60% ea boleng ba thepa, boleng ba bond bo ne bo ke ke ba feta boleng ba mekoloto ea ntlo, 'me likalimo li ne li tlameha ho khutlisoa. Likalimo tse nang le kholo ea lilemo tse 60 e ne e le tloaelo.
Mokoloto oa Danish Pitso
Lekala la Denmark le fana ka likalimo tse feto-fetohang le tse pepeneneng ho latela maemo a haufi le a li-agente tsa mebaraka ea lichelete[qotso e hlokahalang] Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-bond tse koahelang ntlo[1] li fetisetsa kotsi ea 'maraka ea mofani oa banka ea mokoloto ho batseteli ba libonto. Qetellong, melao e thata ea tlhahlobo ea thepa, taolo ea kotsi ea mokitlane ke libanka tsa mokoloto, le melao e thata, ho kenyelletsa le seo ho thoeng ke "leano la ho leka-lekanya", le tsona li sirelelitse histori ea likoloto tsa mokitlane ho tloha kotsing ea kamehla[2]. Boemo bo phahameng ba lekala le li-stabilizers tse ikemetseng le tsona li kenya letsoho ho boloka botsitso[3].
Naheng ea Denmark, libanka tsa mekoloto ea matlo ke tsona feela litsi tsa lichelete tse lumelletsoeng ho fana ka likalimo tsa matlo le meaho ka ho fana ka libonto tsa ntlo tse koahetsoeng (Danish: Realkreditobligationer). Boholo ba mesebetsi e lumelletsoeng ho etsa mortgage bond, le mesebetsi e nkuoang e le tlatsetso. Ka 2007, ho ne ho na le libanka tse robeli tse sebetsang tsa mekoloto 'marakeng oa mekoloto ea Denmark, tse ling li hokahane le libanka tsa khoebo[2].
litefiso tsa danish tsa mortgage
Ha motjhelete a reka bonto e ntshitsweng letamong, sena se lekana le ho reka karolo ya dikadimo tse kopanetsweng, tseo ho tsona motsetedi a nang le tokelo ya ho fumana ditefello tsa tswala le ditefello tse lekanang le tjhelete e tseteletsweng.
Se khethollang tsamaiso ea Danish mortgage ke molao-motheo oa ho leka-lekana. Molao-motheo ona o netefatsa hore ho na le kamano e batlang e lekana hantle pakeng tsa tsoala le litefello tse lefuoang le ho amoheloa ke ba alimang le bo-ramatsete, ka ho latellana.
Setšoantšo sa 1.1 se bonts'a phallo ea chelete e hlahang lipakeng tsa motho ea alimang, banka ea mokoloto le motseteli. Ha kalimo e fuoa motho ea alimang, banka ea mortgage e fana ka bonto 'marakeng oa mantlha ka nepo. Joale motseteli o reka li- bond ebe mokhoa oa transaction o ea ho motho ea alimang, o mo fa chelete ea ho reka ntlo eo kalimo e thehiloeng ho eona.
Motho ea alimang o tla lefa phaello, amortization le li-commissions tse bitsoang "bidragssats" ho banka ea mokoloto, e leng se nolofalletsang phaello le phaello ho fetisetsoa ho motseteli 'me kahoo li boloke li-commissions ho lefella litšenyehelo tsa ho fana ka likoloto le kotsi. adherent amanang le phano ea bona, kaha banka e fanang ka mortgage e nka kotsi ho feta ea alimang.
