Intlekele ye-demographic ye-Galicia yasemaphandleni yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganiswa kwiinkomo, ekubeni, nangona amanani omabini ekwindla yamahhala, ummandla uneentloko zeenkomo ngaphezu kwabemi. Kwidolophu encinci yaseSan Xoán de Río, e-Ourense, nangona kunjalo, ndikhetha umzekeliso wokuchithwa kwesibane njengeyunithi ye-metric: amanqaku angama-700 okukhanya kubahlali be-506, phantse i-beacon kunye nesiqingatha kwintloko nganye. Kwaye kuyinyani etyhilayo, kuba ukuhamba ngeSan Xoán kuyacaca ukuba kukho izindlu kunye nezitrato; into esele isele ngabamelwane. Amakhulu ezindlu ezinezivalo ezingakhange zivulwe kwiinyanga kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-600 zeendlela ezingenanto yokuhamba.
Embindini wenkulungwane edluleyo bekukho ngaphezu kwama-3.000 abemi ababhalisiweyo eSan Xoán; ngowe-1981, yayingama-2.683 XNUMX.
Kodwa kule minyaka ingamashumi amane edlulileyo abemi bayo behle baya kubamelwane abangama-506. Bali-14 kuphela abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 (2,8%), ngelixa abangaphezulu kwama-65 bemele isiqingatha sobalo-bantu (49,4%). Kwaye abangama-82 kubamelwane bayo abangama-506 bangama-85 okanye ngaphezulu. Eyona nkampani inkulu edolophini likhaya labongikazi. USan Xoán mdala, kodwa naye uphila ixesha elide, akaziyekeli ekufeni. Ingxelo yokuwa kwedemografi eYurophu, ethi, ngamaphulo acingayo, abamelwane bayo bafuna ukuyilungisa.
Ngokuhamba kwabantu, iintsuku zeSan Xoán ziya kubalwa. Rhoqo ngonyaka phakathi kwamashumi amabini anamashumi amathathu abamelwane bayafa, kwaye, ubukhulu becala, "kuzalwa omnye okanye ababini," uJosé Miguel Pérez Blecua, usodolophu wayo, indoda eneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'Chemi' phakathi kwamarhamente akhe, wacacisela ABC. Sele ingaphezu kweminyaka elishumi savalwa isikolo, kwaye ngoku amakhwenkwe amabini kunye namantombazana amahlanu angaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibini ahlala edolophini angena kwiteksi ehlala abantu abasixhenxe ebakhwelisa yonke imihla ukusuka eSan Xoán ukuya kwisikolo esisedolophini. kwidolophu yasePobra de Trives. Isenokubonakala iphikisana, kodwa ukuzalwa okumbalwa, okuthe, ewe, kubhiyozelwa edolophini, kuhlala kukhokelela ekubangeleni umngxuma kubhaliso. “Ulutsha luyaxhathisa, kodwa xa lufumene abantwana luphela luyokuhlala eOrense,” ikhalaze ixhego.
Ikomkhulu lephondo likumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-65, ngaphezulu kancinci kweyure ngetshekhi, kodwa idityaniswe kakubi yindlela yesibini eyayekwa yaphantse yalityalwa xa ngeminyaka yoo-25 abalawuli bakhetha indlela eyahlukileyo kuhola wendlela kazwelonke omtsha. Ukuhlala eSan Xoán kunye nokusebenzisa i-Orense yonke imihla ukusebenza, ukusa abantwana kwimisebenzi yangaphandle okanye kugqirha wabantwana, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, ecaleni kwendlela ethi, ebusika iphindaphinde ingozi yayo ngenxa yeqabaka nekhephu eqhelekileyo. Into engekhoyo edolophini ngabahlali abaphakathi kwama-50 nama-XNUMX eminyaka ubudala, ngabahlali abakwiminyaka yokusebenza.
ubhubhane
Kodwa asingabo bonke abalahlekileyo. Ngokumangalisayo, ubhubhane ube negalelo ekuthinteleni ukopha kwedemokhrasi. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka esiwa, umasipala uzinzile nabahlali abaliwaka. Kwaye kufanelekile, uninzi, kubamelwane abaphile ubomi babo bonke ngonyawo olunye eSan Xoán kunye nolunye ngaphandle. Ubhubhane ubenze babheja ngokubuya ngokuqinisekileyo, okanye bahlale kuwo ixesha elide kunokuba bebefuna. 'UChemi' ngokwakhe ungumzekelo womntu obuyileyo. Wakhulela kumasipala wasePontevedra waseMoraña, apho abazali bakhe basebenza khona, kwaye wafunda ubunjineli bezonxibelelwano eVigo. Kodwa ngoku uzinzile eSan Xoán. Usodolophu onomsebenzi okhethekileyo wezopolitiko, owaqala kwi-BNG kwaye waqhubeka kwi-Anova ka-Xosé Manuel Beiras, ukugqiba ukuzuza uninzi olupheleleyo njengozimele ngo-2019. Kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka ophelileyo iPP yamtyikitya.
Omnye ubuyela eSan Xoán nguJuan Carlos Pérez, oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Wazalelwa eSwitzerland—ilizwe ababefudukele kulo abazali bakhe—akazange aphulukane nelali yakhe, iCastiñeiro, nayo eseSan Xoán. Ukuvalelwa kwammangalisa yena nabazali bakhe, uJuan noConsuelo, kwikhaya lentsapho. Kwaye bobabini nabazali bakhe, ababehlala kude kube ngelo xesha, bagqiba kwelokuba bahlale edolophini. Ngexesha elingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini edlulileyo yayiseCastiñeiro, kwakungasekho mntu ubhalisiweyo apho. Ngoku kukho isiqingatha seshumi elinesibini. ESan Xoán kukho izizathu zokuba nethemba.
Ukusuka eCastiñeiro kubo bonke ubomi kukho uLuis no-Elvira, abakhulele kwindlu ngendlu kwaye bagqiba ukutshata. Bachithe isiqingatha sobomi babo bekhwele phakathi kweSan Xoán neMadrid, apho uLuis, ngoku osele esidla umhlala-phantsi, wayesebenza njengomqhubi welori. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, sahlulahlula ixesha lethu phakathi kwedolophu nekomkhulu. Kodwa ngoku, ngaphandle kwezibophelelo zomsebenzi, ibhalansi iye yafikelela eCastiñeiro, apho amakhaya osapho aye avuselelwa. Unyana wakhe uBenjamin naye udlula apho, othi, nangona ehlala eAmsterdam, achithe ixesha ekhaya. Kwaye nangona uLuis no-Elvira bengomnye wabahlali baseSan Xoán abaye bahlala benonyawo olulodwa kwidolophana kunye nolunye kwisixeko esikhulu, ukubuya kwabo akubalwa kwizibalo kuba, okwangoku, basabhalisiwe. eMadrid. Nokuba bayayitshintsha okanye abayitshintshi idatha yabo kubalo bantu, into abangayithandabuziyo kukuba abafuni kuncama ilali okanye ikomkhulu: “Ndiziva ndonwabile macala omabini,” ucacise watsho uLuis kweli phephandaba.
Ukuchacha komgangatho wabantu baseSan Xoán kuye kwagcinwa ngaba bamelwane bohambo lokuya nokubuya. Abantu abanjengoJuan Carlos, uJuan, uConsuelo, uJuan kunye no-Elvira, abathi, ukusukela oko ubhubhane, bebonyusa ubukho babo edolophini. Usodolophu, ebazi ubunzima bokulungisa ukudodobala kokuncipha kwabemi, unomgaqo olumkileyo kodwa onamabhongo: qinisekisa ukuba abo bachitha iveki ngonyaka edolophini, bahlala inyanga; nokuba lowo uhambela inyanga enye, makayolule ibe ntathu, nokuba lowo ubehleli iinyanga ezintandathu, ahlale umnyaka uphela. Ngamafutshane, ubusika iSan Xoán bukhangeleka ngakumbi nangakumbi njengehlobo laseSan Xoán, xa abemi bayo bephindaphindeka ngesine okanye ezintlanu.
Lilonke, uSan Xoán akalahli, ewe, ukwamkela abamelwane abatsha ngaphandle kweengcambu edolophini. UMauricio, oyinzalelwane yaseChile, noCynthia, ongumFrentshi, sisibini esikwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu esathandana nale dolophu ekuqaleni kokubona. Badibana besebenza eVigo baza baba noluvo lokuba uCynthia abalisa kweli phephandaba: bamisela inkampu yolondolozo lwendalo—elungiselelwe iindwendwe ezilishumi ubuninzi—kwidolophu ethwaxwa sisibetho sokungabi nabemi. Washukunyiselwa ukuba abe negalelo ekuyivuseleleni, ngentlonelo ngemekobume njengendwe. Siza kuqhagamshelana nebhodi yoomasipala, kodwa sifumene impendulo evela eSan Xoán kuphela. Wandwendwela idolophu kwaye wabonisa isiza esibekwe kanye eCastiñeiro.
Iprojekthi yesibini esincinci ilungile, ngokungabikho kwamanyathelo athile olawulo. "Sonke siyaxhasana," uCynthia wachaza ngomnxeba ovela e-Asturias, emva kokukhanyisa ekuqaleni konyaka. UConsuelo, inkosikazi kaJuan kunye nomama kaJuan Carlos, baluka iziliphu ukuze bamkele uOyán omncinane. Nangona bebengekahlali apho, uMauricio noCynthia sele bebuvile ubushushu baseCastiñeiro, ilali apho bekungekho namnye ummi obhalisiweyo de kwaba ziinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Kulula ukuthintela ukuchithwa kwabantu okubonakala kungenakuphepheka, kodwa usodolophu, ngoncedo olunehlombe lukaJuan Carlos, obandakanyeke ngamandla ukususela ekubuyeni kwakhe eNorway, akafuni kunikezela. Kwaye izimvo kunye neeprojekthi, ezinye zicingela kakhulu, zilandela enye kwenye. Ngokomzekelo, iSan Xoán yaba libhunga lokuqala lesixeko saseGalician ukutyikitya nophawu lwemoto ukuze libe nesithuthi sombane ukuze sisetyenziswe nokonwatyelwa ngabahlali. Ngexabiso eliphantsi ngeyure, kunye neevawutsha zasimahla, imoto, epakishwe kwaye iplagiwe phambi kweholo yedolophu, iyafumaneka kumarhamente kunye nabakhenkethi. Ikhawuntara yeekhilomitha ingqina impumelelo yayo: 30.000 kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu.
Ezinye iiprojekthi ezicingelwayo eSan Xoán, kodwa ezinomthamo omkhulu kamasipala, ziyaqukunjelwa. Ingqungquthela yoomasipala abali-16 kulo mmandla ukukhuthaza urhwebo phakathi kwaba masipala, ukubheja ngokusasazwa kweemveliso zasekuhlaleni ekhaya. Kwaye elinye inyathelo elimangalisayo, abanethemba lokuba alizukuthatha ixesha elide ukuba lenzeke, abafuna inkxaso-mali kwaye baya kudibanisa iidolophu ezisuka kulo lonke elaseSpain. "I-Tinder yabantu," utshilo uJuan Carlos, ebhekisa kwisicelo esidumileyo sokudlala ngothando. Umsebenzisi uya kubona imifanekiso yeedolophu ezingaziwa eSpain, kwaye xa 'i-app' ifumanisa umdlalo kunye nomasipala, 'umdlalo' uya kuveliswa phakathi komsebenzisi kunye nedolophu ekuthethwa ngayo. ESan Xoán de Río iingcamango azisileli. Abanye baya kuhamba kakuhle, abanye kungekhona kakhulu, kwaye abanye baya kusilela; nangona kunjalo, njengokuba kwenzeka ngengozi ekuboniseni bobabini usodolophu kunye noJuan Carlos, abantu abanako ukuhlala kunye neengalo zabo bawela belindele iparc.
