LANDELA
UNuria Hernández-Mora ungumlingane omkhulu weSihlalo seTagus esenziwe yiSoliss Foundation kunye neYunivesithi yaseCastilla-La Mancha yokukhusela umlambo. UnePhD kwiJografi, isidanga sezoQoqosho kunye neNzululwazi yoShishino, ingcaphephe kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi, ukwalilungu eliseka iNew Water Culture Foundation, ebikhuthaza ulawulo lwamanzi olunengqiqo noluzinzileyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Uthetha ngokukhululekileyo malunga 'nobuhlanya bobunjineli' bokudluliselwa kweTajo-Segura, ukunyanzeliswa kwamagosa karhulumente emsebenzini, abaphula umthetho, ngenxa yokuyeka kwabo imisebenzi kunye nokuvumela ukuba le "sewer-air-air" ibe khona eToledo. kangangeminyaka ebizwa ngokuba nguMlambo iTagus.
Uphile ngokuzalwa kwamaqonga.
Yavela nini ikhonkco lakho neTagus?
Ukususela kwi-2007, xa i-Talavera yadalwa, iNethiwekhi yeCitizen yeNkcubeko yaManzi amatsha eTajo-Tejo kunye nemilambo yayo, yabaququzeleli bokuqala kunye noMaría Soledad Gallego, owathi kunye noMiguel Ángel Sánchez, waseTalavera Platform, ufundise yonke into. Ndiyawazi ngomlambo. Yile ndlela ukubandakanyeka kwam ngokunzulu kwiTagus kwaqala, xa amaqela ahlukeneyo aqala ukusebenza kunye ngezityholo zezicwangciso kunye nezenzo zomthetho phambi kweYurophu. Kwangaxeshanye, ulungelelaniso kunye nomsebenzi wophando lwenzululwazi waqalisa kwiTagus. Kwaye enye into eyathi yatsala ingqalelo yethu kukuba bekukho uphando oluncinci kakhulu, ukusuka kwimeko yomlambo, ukuya kungcoliseko okanye imiba yezoqoqosho.
Oko kujonge ukuba uSihlalo weTajo, owawuyinxalenye yakhe, ukuba azilayishe kwiingxoxo zenzululwazi.
Ukusungulwa kwayo kube yimpumelelo kuba inike ukubonakala kwiqela elineminyaka emininzi lisebenza. Umlawuli weSihlalo, uBeatriz Larraz, unombono we-transdisciplinary, wokudibanisa ulwazi lwezemfundo lwezenzululwazi kunye nolwazi lwendawo olukhoyo kwaye lunamandla kakhulu. Kukho iziqwenga ezininzi kwaye ukuzidibanisa kufuneka kusetyenzwe kumacandelo ezopolitiko, ezomthetho kunye nezenzululwazi ukuzisa iingxoxo zobugcisa eziyimfuneko kolu tshintsho. Kwaye nakwibala lentlalontle, ukufikelela kunye nemfundo kuba ngenye indlela utshintsho lunzima.
"Into onayo eToledo ngumjelo ovulekileyo wokuhambisa amanzi amdaka: ugwebu, iithowuni ezimdaka, ezo zivumba ..."
Ngokwembono yenzululwazi, ucinga ukuba yintoni eyona ngxaki kuMlambo iTagus?
Kwicandelo layo eliphezulu neliphakathi liphathwa kakubi kakhulu ngongcoliseko, ngaphezulu kweMadrid, kodwa kunye neCastilla-La Mancha. ITagus iqokelela amanzi amdaka abemi abazizigidi ezithandathu yaye ingumthwalo ongcoliseke kakhulu. Kukho ukungalingani phakathi kwemigangatho yokucoca efunekayo kunye nomthamo womlambo ukuwuthatha ngenxa yokuba umthamo wamanzi amdaka ukhohlakele kakhulu kunye nokuhamba okuncinci ngokugqithiselwa kweTajo-Segura. Le yingxaki yesibini okanye eyokuqala kuba ezi zimbini zikwinqanaba elifanayo lokubaluleka. Ukudluliselwa kunciphisa amanzi acocekileyo ahamba ezantsi komsinga: ukuba unompompo omncinci wamanzi acocekileyo kunye neepesenti ezingamashumi asibhozo ezijikeleza ezantsi ukusuka kwindawo yokungena eJarama ngamanzi amdaka avela eMadrid, ke ngokucacileyo into onayo eToledo ngumjelo ovulekileyo womoya. : ugwebu, iithowuni ezimdaka, loo mavumba...
Yintoni enokwenziwa?
Tyala ekuphuculeni unyango lwamanzi amdaka eMadrid, ejolise ekugcineni unyango lwenqanaba eliphezulu, olona lufuna kakhulu, isisombululo esingxamisekileyo kodwa esicothayo. Ukongeza, imilambo idinga ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kwaye iTagus ibe nokuhamba okwenziweyo kwee-cubic metres ezintandathu kwisegmenti nganye ukususela ekuqaleni kokudluliselwa, okunganakwa kwaye kuzinzile unyaka wonke. Lichibi elisisigxina, akukho tshintsho lwe-fluvial kwaye akukho tshintsho lwe-fluvial, i-ecosystems exhomekeke kuyo, uhlobo, ayinakuzinziswa. Ukuhamba kufuneka kugcinwe, kunye nobona buncinci kunye nobuninzi, kunye nokutshintshana kwamaxesha onyaka, kunye nokubuyisela amandla omlambo.
Likhona ithemba?
Kukho imilambo ehlabathini ethe yathotywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yasonjululwa ngokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko. Oko kuchacha kunokwenzeka, kodwa kufuneka kubekho ukuthanda kwezopolitiko ukuthatha amanyathelo.
“Kukuthobela umthetho, ukubuyisela uMlambo iTagus kwimeko entle nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimfuno nokusetyenziswa kwalo mlambo kuyagutyungelwa”
Ngaba isisombululo sokuphelisa ukudluliselwa?
Idlula ekusekeni ulawulo lokuqukuqela okunzulu kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi ye-ikholoji. Iqela lophando lilungiselele iingxelo kwabo baphakamisa ukuhamba kwezinto eziphilayo ezivumela ukubuyiswa komlambo, kunye nokuhamba kokwenene kwendalo. Kungokuthobela umthetho, ukubuyisela uMlambo iTagus kwimeko entle nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimfuno nokusetyenziswa kwalo mlambo kuyagutyungelwa.
Kwaye kuthekani ngeMar Menor kunye negadi yeziqhamo yaseMurcian?
Eyona nto ingamkelekanga ngokwenene, ngokombono wam, kukuba iinkokeli zezopolitiko, abalawuli abanobuchule, endaweni yokubeka amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwa kwentlalo kunye noqoqosho lwenxalenye yabemi abaphila kule nto, baye banesimo sengqondo. yenciniba, ukufihla intloko yayo, ukuze ozayo emva kwayo enze oko. Endaweni yokuba baqale ukubeka iziseko zolu tshintsho lwesakhiwo, baye basiyeka. Kube kukungakhathali, ukulahlwa kwemisebenzi, ndicinga ukuba kukho i-prevarication. Xa uvelisa utshintshelo oludibanisa izitya ezimbini, uhambisa amanzi kodwa kunye nokunqongophala, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, iingxaki zentlalo, iingxaki zezopolitiko kunye nezokusingqongileyo. Ziye zabangela ukuwohloka komlambo iTagus, kodwa ngoku zibangela ukonakaliswa kwemekobume yomlambo iSegura. Iingcali zenzululwazi zazithetha ixesha elide ukuba kwiSegura ukuthotywa kweMar Menor kwakudityaniswe ngokusondeleyo nokukhutshwa kwezolimo kwintsimi yaseCartagena, eyayiyindawo yokomisa eyayiguqulelwe ukunkcenkceshela ngenxa yokudluliselwa kweTajo-Segura, ukukhupha imithwalo. ngee-nitrate ezibangele ukuwohloka kwendalo.
“Baye babangela ukuwohloka koMlambo iTagus, kodwa ngoku babangela ukonakaliswa kwemekobume yechibi laseSegura”
Ucinga ntoni ngezityalo zokukhupha ityuwa?
Kufuneka babe yinxalenye yesisombululo, kodwa hayi ekuphela kwesisombululo kuba iya kuba yinqwelomoya eya phambili. Kucacile ukuba ufuna ukuphila kuguquko, akunakuphepheka ukuba uya kuthanda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okungekho mthethweni, ekunkcenkcesheleni okungekho mthethweni. Iya kuba yinto yokuqala leyo, inyathelo lokuqala, kwaye kananjalo utsho ukuba yintoni umthamo womthwalo. Akukenzeki ukuba kuqhubeke ukuvelisa ngokuqina okufanayo kunye namanqanaba afanayo. Mhlawumbi kufuneka ukhangele ezinye iindlela.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba utshintshiselwano ngenye imini luya kwehla kwimbali?
I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa iyitshintshile imithetho yoxhatshazo kwaye sele iqalisile ukuthathela ingqalelo eminye imidla, esi sicwangciso samanzi siqala ukubeka iziseko zokuseka iinkqubo zokuqukuqela ezinqwenelekayo.
Kodwa, ayonelanga, akunjalo?
Ukungoneli kwakhe. Kwaye, ukongeza, bakuhlehlisa ukuphunyezwa kwayo ngo-2027, bephosa ingxaki phambili, kwakhona. Kukho utshintsho oluncinci. Ndiyakholwa ukuba, ekugqibeleni, ukuhanjiswa kuya kuwela ngobunzima balo, kuba lo lawulo lokuhamba kwezinto eziphilayo luya kufuneka lusekwe, ngenxa yezigwebo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo, kuba kukho imfuno yentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, kuba uxinzelelo luya kuvela eBrussels. , evela kwi-EU. Ikhomishini yamalungu epalamente yaseYurophu yathi kwi-2011 imeko yeTagus ayinakugcinwa, ayimkelekanga. Ndicinga ukuba kuya kufika ixesha xa kuncitshisiwe, nangona kwinqanaba elithile lidluliselwe ngokukodwa.
Ityiwa ngabantu?
Ukuba kuya kubakho amanzi okubonelela abantu, ingxaki kuxa engabekwanga phambili kwaye amanzi alungiselelwe ukunikezelwa asetyenziselwa ezinye izinto okanye angcolisekile, okanye angalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Yingxaki yolawulo, hayi ukunqongophala. Imbalela eqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-90 kunye ne-2005 ukuya kwi-200 yachaphazela zombini i-Tagus kunye ne-Segura izitya, kwaye into engekho ngqiqweni kukuba i-basin ye-Segura yayibekwe phambili kwi-Tagus. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-Talavera Platform yadalwa kwi-2005. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kuya kucinywa ngamandla eziganeko kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba, ubuncinci, ingxaki yaseMar Menor isebenzele ukwazisa abantu eMurcia kwaye baqale ukuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuphepha ukubandezeleka kwentlalo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. akukho mntu ufuna.
Ngaba uMlambo iTagus ngoyena uphathwa kakubi kwabo ubaziyo?
Andazi nawuphi na umlambo kwiqumrhu laseTagus, elidibanisa amalungu amabini amakhulu e-European Union, enesimo esibi somlambo; unovelwano. Akwamkelekanga kwaye andiyiqondi indlela abezopolitiko abanoxanduva abaziva beneentloni ngayo xa bebona umlambo onje. Ulusizi kwaye ulusizi.
Ngaba uluntu luye lwaba negalelo?
Iminyaka sisozela, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kukho inani labemi abazinikele kakhulu abanikezela ixesha labo lobuqu, elingahlawulwanga, ukuze kulungelwe bonke, kwikamva labo bonke, kubantwana bethu, ukuze baphinde baphile. elo lifa liqhelekileyo . Ndiyakholelwa ukuba abaqwalaselwe ngokwaneleyo, ukuba abalawuli baya kufuneka babe ngabalingane kwaye kungekhona njengeentshaba, njengo-Alejandro Cano, umongameli weTajo Platform, kunye namalungu eqonga le-Aranjuez. Ngoku kukho ukuqonda okukhulu kwaye kukho ukuqonda ukuba imeko ayamkelekanga, leyo, ngaphezu koko, ikhuselwe ngumgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni obonisa ukuba silungile. I-Water Framework Directive, engumyalelo oseka isikhokelo somthetho solawulo lwamanzi eSpain, ithi kwi-recital yayo yokuqala ukuba amanzi ayisiyonto yorhwebo njengezinye, kodwa kunokuba lilifa elimele likhuseleke kwaye liphathwe njenge enjalo.
"Kukho ukuqonda okukhulu kwaye kukho ukuqonda ukuba imeko ayimkelekanga, leyo, ngaphezu koko, ikhuselwe ngumgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni obonisa ukuba silungile."
Ngaba unethemba lokuba ngenye imini siya kuwubona ucocekile uMlambo iTagus?
Kakade ke, awukwazi ukuzinikela kwiingxaki zemekobume ukuba awunathemba.
Kwaye unika umzekelo woMlambo waseCuyahoga, eCleveland (Ohio), enye yezona ndlela zamanzi ezingcolisekileyo e-US kwaye yatshisa ngo-1969. Umlambo ngoku uhlambulukile, into ngoku, apha, iphupha nje.
