Bafuputsi ba Setsi sa Babraham (USA) ba sibollotse mokhoa oa ho nchafatsa lisele tsa letlalo la motho ka lilemo tse 30, ho khutlisa nako ea ho tsofala ha lisele ntle le ho lahleheloa ke tšebetso ea tsona.
Mosebetsi oa bafuputsi ba tsoang lenaneong la lipatlisiso tsa Epigenetics tsa Setsi se boletsoeng ka holimo se khonne ho khutlisetsa karolo e itseng mosebetsi oa lisele tsa khale ka ho fetisisa, hammoho le ho tsosolosa litekanyo tsa limolek'hule tsa lilemo tsa likokoana-hloko. Patlisiso e phatlalalitsoe kajeno koranteng ea "eLife" mme, leha e sa le qalong ea lipatlisiso, e ka fetola meriana e nchafatsang.
Ha re ntse re tsofala, matla a lisele tsa rona a ho sebetsa a fokotseha 'me genome e bokella matšoao a lilemo. Regenerative biology e ikemiselitse ho lokisa kapa ho tlatsa lisele, ho kenyelletsa le tse phelang.
E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa baeloji e nchafatsang ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho theha lisele tse sa khoneheng. Ts'ebetso ena e bakoa ke mehato e mengata, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hlakola matšoao a etsang hore lisele li ikhethele. Ka khopolo, lisele tsena tsa stem li na le monyetla oa ho fetoha mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lisele, empa bo-rasaense ha ba e-s'o khone ho tsosolosa maemo a ho khetholla lisele tsa stem ho mefuta eohle ea lisele.
E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa baeloji e nchafatsang ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho theha lisele ho susumetsa
Mokhoa o mocha, o ipapisitseng le mokhoa oa ho hapa Moputso oa Nobel oo bo-ramahlale ba o sebelisang ho etsa lisele tsa stem, o hlola bothata ba ho hlakola boitsebahatso ba lisele ka botlalo ka ho emisa ho hlophisa bocha karolong e leketlileng ea ts'ebetso. Sena se ile sa lumella bafuputsi ho fumana teka-tekano e nepahetseng pakeng tsa lisele tsa reprogramming, ho ba etsa ba banyenyane ka tlhaho, ha ba ntse ba khona ho tsosolosa tšebetso ea bona e khethehileng ea lisele.
Ka 2007, Shinya Yamanaka e ile ea bula maliboho ho fetola lisele tse tloaelehileng, tse nang le mosebetsi o itseng, hore e be lisele tse hōlileng tsebong tse nang le bokhoni bo khethehileng ba ho fetoha mofuta o itseng oa sele. Ts'ebetso eohle ea ho hlophisa lisele tsa stem e nka matsatsi a ka bang 50 ho sebelisoa limolek'hule tse 'nè tsa bohlokoa tse bitsoang lintlha tsa Yamanaka.
Mokhoa o mocha, o bitsoang "maturation phase transition reprogramming," o pepesetsa lisele ho lintlha tsa Yamanaka ka matsatsi a 13 feela. Ka nako ena, liphetoho tse amanang le bethe li tlosoa, 'me lisele li tlepetsoa ka nakoana ka lebaka la boitsebiso ba tsona. Lisele tse hlophisitsoeng bocha li fuoa nako ea hore li hōle tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, ho bona hore na mosebetsi oa tsona o khethehileng oa lisele tsa letlalo oa khutla. Tlhahlobo ea genome e bontšitse hore lisele li fumane matšoao a lisele tsa letlalo (fibroblasts), tse netefalitsoeng ka ho shebella tlhahiso ea collagen liseleng tse hlophisitsoeng bocha.
Ho bontša hore lisele lia nchafala, bafuputsi ba batla liphetoho matšoao a botsofali.
Joalokaha Diljeet Gill a hlalositse, "Kutloisiso ea rona ea botsofali boemong ba limolek'hule e tsoetse pele lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, e leng se lebisang mekhoeng e lumellang bafuputsi ho lekanya li-biologics tse amanang le lilemo liseleng tsa motho. Re khonne ho sebelisa sena tekong ea rona ho fumana hore na ho hlophisa bocha ho fetotse mokhoa oa rona o mocha hakae. "
Lisele tse hlophisitsoeng bocha li tsamaisana le boemo ba lisele tse tla ba nyane ka lilemo tse 30 ha li bapisoa le lihlopha tsa litšupiso
Bafuputsi ba ile ba sheba mekhoa e mengata ea lilemo tsa lisele: oache ea epigenetic, moo li-tag tsa lik'hemik'hale li hlahang ho pholletsa le genome li bontša lilemo, le transcriptome, liphatsa tsa lefutso tsohle tse hlahisoang ke sele. Ho ipapisitsoe le mehato ena e 'meli, lisele tse hlophisitsoeng bocha li tsamaisana le boemo ba lisele tse tla ba nyane ka lilemo tse 30 ha li bapisoa le li-database tsa litšupiso.
Tšebeliso e ka bang teng ea mokhoa ona e itšetlehile ka hore na lisele ha li bonahale li le nyenyane feela, empa hape li sebetsa joaloka lisele tse nyenyane. Li-fibroblasts li hlahisa collagen, molek'hule e fumanoang masapong, letlalong, li-tendon le li-ligaments, e thusang ho theha lisele le ho folisa maqeba. Li-fibroblasts tse tsosolositsoeng li ile tsa hlahisa liprotheine tse ngata tsa collagen ha li bapisoa le lisele tse laolang tse sa kang tsa etsahala nakong ea ho hlophisa bocha. Li-fibroblasts le tsona li fallela libakeng tse hlokang ho lokisoa.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba lekola lisele tse nchafalitsoeng ka mokhoa o itseng 'me ba fumana hore li-fibroblasts tse tšoaroang li ile tsa shebella lekhalo kapele ho feta lisele tsa khale. Sena ke sesupo se ts'episang hore patlisiso ena ka letsatsi le leng e ka sebelisoa ho theha lisele tse sebetsang hantle ho folisa maqeba.
Re pakile hore lisele li ka tsosolosoa ntle le ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi le hore ho tsosolosoa ho batla ho tsosolosa tšebetso e itseng liseleng tsa khale.
Nakong e tlang, lipatlisiso tsena li ka boela tsa bula menyetla e meng ea phekolo; Bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore mokhoa ona o boetse o kenyelletsa phello e tebileng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amanang le ho koalloa le li-syndromes tse amanang le thuto. Mofuta oa APBA2, o amanang le lefu la Alzheimer's, le mofuta oa MAF, o nang le karolo ho nts'etsopele ea lera la mahlo, ka bobeli li bonts'itse liphetoho tse lebisang maemong a bacha a ho ngola.
Mokhoa oa ho hlophisa bocha ka katleho ha o e-so utloisisoe ka botlalo, 'me ke karolo e latelang ea papali eo u lokelang ho e hlahloba. Lumela. bafuputsi ba hakanya hore likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa genome tse amehang ho bopeng boitsebahatso ba lisele li ka phonyoha ts'ebetso ea ho hlophisa bocha.
Diljeet o phethela ka hore “liphetho tsa rōna li emela khatelo-pele e khōlō ea ho utloisisa tlhophiso e ncha ea lisele. Re pakile hore lisele li ka tsosolosoa ntle le ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi le hore ho tsosolosoa ho batla ho tsosolosa tšebetso e itseng liseleng tsa khale. Taba ea hore re bone hape phetoho ea matšoao a botsofali liphatseng tsa lefutso tse amanang le mafu e ea khothatsa haholo."
manuel serrano
Lintlha tsa Yamanaka
Bo-rasaense ba tsoang Cellular Plasticity and Disease Laboratory ea Barcelona Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), e etelletsoeng pele ke mofuputsi oa ICREA Manuel Serrano, ba khonne ho nchafatsa litho tse ling le lisele tsa litoeba ka potoloho ea lisele. Ka ho khetheha, bo-rasaense ba hlokometse liphetoho tse kholo ho manyeme, sebete, spleen le mali a litoeba.
"Sepheo sa mosebetsi ona e ne e le ho tseba mekhoa ea pele ea in vivo reprogramming le rejuvenation ea cellular ka khopolo ea ho khetholla ba ka kenyang letsoho lithutong tse tlang, ebang ke ka lithethefatsi kapa ka tekanyo ea phepo e nepahetseng," ho hlalosa Serrano.
Phuputsong, e hatisitsoeng koranteng ea "Aging Cell", bafuputsi ba ithutile liphello tsa potoloho e le 'ngoe ea ts'usumetso ea lintlha tsa Yamanaka e le hore ba hlalose hantle mekhoa e amehang.
Ho etsa sena, ba hlahlobile liphetoho tse etsahalang ka botsofali metabolism, polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le boemo ba DNA ea lisele, le hore na tsena li fetoloa joang ka mokhoa o itseng.
"Re ne re batla ho ithuta ka liphello tsa pele tsa ts'ebetso ea ho tsosolosa 'me e bile ntho e makatsang ho bona ntlafatso ea boemo ba limolek'hule, e leng ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka har'a manyeme," ho phethela Dafni Chondronasiou, sengoli sa pele sa sengoloa.
