Matoorka, daboolka, giraangiraha, nalalka hore, muraayadaha ama albaabada. Dhammaantood waa qayb ka mid ah baabuurta iyo xeerarka Yurub ayaa tilmaamaya in 95% baabuurta ay tahay in dib loo warshadeeyo. In ka badan 4.000 oo xabbo oo isku dhafan balaastiig, fiilooyinka dunta, birta, birta, aluminiumka, saliidaha, shidaalka. Taas oo ay tahay inaan hadda ku darno kuwa kale sida graphite ama lithium. "Waxyaabahan ugu dambeeya" waxay lagama maarmaan u yihiin baytariyada baabuurta cusub ee korontada, "hadda ma ahan dhibaato weyn, laakiin waxay noqon kartaa mustaqbalka sababtoo ah wax walba waa la kori doonaa," ayuu yiri José María Cancer Abóitiz, agaasimaha guud ee Cesvimap , Maalinta Dib-u-warshadaynta Adduunka.
Sannadkii hore, gudaha Spain, wadar ahaan 36.452 baabuur koronto ah ayaa la diiwaangeliyay, tiradaas oo ka sarreeya tii 2021. Laakiin, haa, boqolleyda baabuurta korantada ayaa si dirqi ah u gaadha 1% iyo gawadhida iyo baabuurta saafiga ah waxay u taagan yihiin 0,5 % iyo 0,4% wadarta siday u kala horreeyaan. "Waxaa la filayaa in ururinta baytariyada baabuurta korantada ay ka badnaan doonaan 2025 milyan oo xirmo sanadka 3,4," xogta Recyclia iyo Recyberica Ambiental ayaa tilmaamay.
Cilmi-baaris hore ayaa soo jeedinaysa in ilaa 70% walxaha ku jira baytariyadan " dib loo warshadeyn karo," ayuu yiri Kansarka. Hadda waxaa jira laba farsamooyin oo lagu soo kabsado: hydrometallurgy iyo pyrolysis. Markii hore, iyada oo la dhex gelinayo nooc ka mid ah dareeraha kaas oo daxaleeya walxaha sida birta ama aluminiumka, laakiin taasi "u ogolaanaysa in lithium dib loo soo celiyo, tusaale ahaan," waxay iftiimisay agaasimaha guud ee Cesvimap. Xaaladdan oo kale ee farsamada labaad, alaabtu way gubaan oo aluminium ama naxaas ma aha oxidize, laakiin "graphite waa gubatay," ka dig. "Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiro nidaam noo ogolaanaya inaan dib u soo ceshano 100% qaybaha ku jira baytariyadan," ayuu raaciyay. "Hadda, dib-u-isticmaalka ayaa aad waxtar u leh."
"Waxaa fiican in dib loo isticmaalo"
Guud ahaan, dhammaan soosaarayaasha baabuurta ayaa dammaanad qaadaya baytariyada tababarayaasha korontadu ugu yaraan siddeed sano ama 100.000 kiiloomitir. "Marka waxqabadku hoos u dhaco 80%, darawalku waa inuu ka fikiraa beddelka," soosaarayaashu waxay yiraahdaan. Laakiin tani "ma aha inaan la isticmaali karin," ayuu yidhi Carcer. "Waxay heli karaan nolol labaad oo raaxo leh," ayuu ka digay.
"75% shilalka baabuurta korantada batteriga dib ayaa loo isticmaali karaa"
José María Kansarka Aboitiz
Maamulaha guud ee Cesvimap
Laga bilaabo 2020, marka lagu daro xarunta dhexe ee Ávila, waxay doonayeen inay siiyaan hawlgab dahab ah. "Waa wax laga xumaado in la lumiyo dhammaan tignoolajiyada iyo agabka lagu maalgeliyay baytari," ayuu yiri Cancer. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, "shilal wadareed ayaa ka dhacay xarumahooda waxaana isku daynay inaan dib u soo ceshanno baytariyada baabuurta korontada," ayuu faallooyinku yiri.
Ugu horreyntii, waxaan eegeynaa in lagu rakibi karo baabuur kale, sababtoo ah "75% shilalka, batteriga dib ayaa loo isticmaali karaa," ayuu yidhi. "Hadda waxaanu ka shaqaynaynaa inaanu hubino in haddii baabuur aan la dhaqaajin karin, uu u adeegi karo kayd tamarta guriga," ayuu yiri agaasimaha guud ee Cesvimap. "Waan isku daynay waana mid faa'iido leh."
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "hadda waa wax hadhay," ayuu yidhi Cancer. Sannadkii 2022, 73 baytari ayaa soo gaadhay xarumihiisii, "taasi waa 26% dhammaan baadhida korontada ee Spain," laakiin kuma filna inay daboosho dhammaan sahayda. "In la sameeyo, waa la samayn karaa," ayuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday.
Tiknoolajiyada ayaa la heli karaa, laakiin kharashyada soo kabashada iyo dib u isticmaalkeeda maaha kuwa ugu fiican sababtoo ah "waa inay maraan sun-saarid iyo habka dayactirka dib-u-isticmaalka," Kansarka ayaa sharaxay. "Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan ka hadli karnaa baytariyada raaxada sababtoo ah waxay diyaar u yihiin inay u adkeystaan heerkulka aad u daran iyo saameynta xooggan."
Dib-u-warshadaynta baytariyadan waxay u taagan tahay caqabad dhanka warshadaha oo sii wada socdaalkooda xagga korantada dhaqdhaqaaqa. Soo laabashada soo ifbaxda maalintan dib-u-warshadaynta adduunka, dhibaatadu waxay noqon doontaa mid dhab ah tobanka sano ee soo socda marka nolosha waxtarka leh ee kuwa ugu horreeya ee yimaada ay dhammaato.
baytariyada la qaadi karo ee magaalada
Inkasta oo ilaa ay ka gaadheen saqafka guryaha, baytariyada baabuurta korantada waxay heleen tallaabo dhexdhexaad ah oo kuwa mas'uulka ka ah Cesvimap ay u baabtiisay "xirmo baytari."
Qaab dhismeedka moodeelka ah ee baytariyada baabuurta ayaa u oggolaanaya in la dhiso aalado yaryar oo la qaadi karo oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu xalliyo dhibaatooyinka ku meel gaarka ah. "Qalabkani inta badan waxay leeyihiin 48 qaybood oo laba kaliya waxay hore u dhiseen kaydinta tamarta," Kansarka ayaa sharaxay. Mashruuceeda tijaabada ah ee bixinta tamarta ayaa leh qalabkeeda maqalka ah. "Hadda, waxaan siin karnaa masaafo dhan 10 kiiloomitir baabuur koronto ah oo ku shaqeeya koronto la'aan magaalada."
