Hoʻomaka kēia Pōʻakahi i ka pule o ka Nobel Prizes, nā makana no nā pilikino i hana no ka "maikaʻi o ke kanaka" a i hāʻawi ʻia ma Stockholm a me Oslo.
ʻO nā makana, i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini Suedena ʻo Alfred Nobel (ka mea nāna i hana i ka dynamite) ua hāʻawi ʻia me 10 miliona mau lei aliʻi Suedena no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a me kahi mekala gula 18-carat.
E like me ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana ma SEK, hiki ke hoʻololi ke kālā i ka nui o ka makana i loaʻa. Eia kekahi laʻana, i kēia makahiki he ʻAmelika i lanakila i ka Nobel Prize e piʻi aʻe ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona kālā, akā i kēia makahiki e emi ka nui: $900.000.
ʻOiai ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mekala ma ke ʻano he statuette, ua hoʻololi kekahi poʻe i loaʻa i ke kālā. Ua manaʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo Lūkini a me ka Nobel Peace Prize ʻo Dmitri Muratov e hoʻohuli i ke gula i waiwai no nā keiki Ukrainian. I Iune, ʻo ka mekala 196-gram i loaʻa i ka co-winner 2021 i $ 103,5 miliona i uku ʻia e kahi philanthropist inoa ʻole, hāʻawi ʻia i kahi papahana Unicef. ʻO ka helu he 21 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka moʻolelo mua.
ʻOiai ko lākou kaulana, ʻaʻole ʻo ka Nobel ka makana makana. ʻO ka 'Discovery Awards' i mālama ʻia ma Silicon Valley a hāʻawi ʻia me ka 'Oscar of science', ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā makana o 3 miliona mau kālā, ʻoi aku ma mua o triple a Nobel, e like me ka AFP.
nā makana posthumous
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1974, ua ʻōlelo nā kānāwai o ka Nobel Foundation e hāʻawi ʻia ka makana mua ma hope, ke ʻole ka make ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka helu laureate.
A hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ke kānāwai, ʻelua wale nō mau kānaka Suedena i make i hāʻawi ʻia: ʻo ka haku mele ʻo Erik Axel Karfeldt (palapala palapala ma 1931) a me ka mea i pepehi ʻia ʻo UN Secretary General, ʻo Dag Hammarskjöld (ka makana maluhia ma 1961).
Ua loaʻa pū kekahi ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kahi makana e like me ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi laureate nalo, e like me ka makahiki 1948 ma hope o ka make ʻana o Gandhi, i hōʻike ʻia e AFP.
Ua loaʻa i kekahi mea i loaʻa ka manawa e loaʻa ai ka inoa kelepona kaulana e hoʻolaha ana i ka Nobel: ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka makana lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Ralph Steinman i ka makahiki 2011, ua ʻike ʻia ua make ʻo ia i ʻekolu lā ma mua, ʻoiai aia ʻo ia ma ka papa inoa o nā mea lanakila.
Hoʻohewa no ka "ʻike i nā ola"
Me ka ʻoi aku o 120 mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala, manaʻo kekahi iā lākou he mea kahiko, koho pinepine i nā mea kahiko. Ua loaʻa iā Svante Arrhenius ka mea physicist a me ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa Suedena, ke akamai loa ma nā ʻano he nui, i ka makana Chemistry ma 1903 no kāna "electrolytic theory of dissociation."
Akā, ʻo nā hana paionia ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā ia ke kūlana o ka paionia i kēia lā: i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 2, ʻo ia ka mea mua i manaʻo ʻo ka puhi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku, ʻo ka nui o ka lanahu i kēlā manawa, ke kumu o ka hoʻomehana honua ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. o COXNUMX kahi kaiapuni.
E like me kāna helu ʻana, ʻo ka pālua ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka carbon dioxide e mahana ai ka honua i ʻelima degere; Loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona hou ka laulā o 2,6º a 3,9º.
Ma mua o ka kānalua ʻana i ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā wahie mōʻalihaku e ʻai ai ke kanaka, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻo Arrhenius i ka wikiwiki e hiki ai i kēlā pae a wānana ʻo ia e hiki mai ana kēlā mehana ma muli o ka hana kanaka i 3.000 mau makahiki.
