Ua liloʻo Recep Tayyip Erdogan i mea hele wāwae e hele ana i kahi lainaʻulaʻula e kūpono i kona mau pono, i ka ulanaʻana i kahiʻupena palekana ma lalo o kona mau wāwae ma ka lilo o ke Komohana a me kahi Russia hakakāʻo ia e hopohopo nei. E like me ka Sergio Príncipe Hermoso, ke kaukaʻi o ka Information and Communication Policy ma EU ma ke Kulanui Complutense, "he hoa hōʻoluʻolu ʻole ia e makaʻala, akā ʻo ka mea āu e hilinaʻi mau ai. No laila, ʻike mākou iā Turkey e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i kahi kulekele schizophrenic, paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi ʻike maʻalahi.
Palapala 'āina o Tureke a me kona puni
He lālā NATO a me ka moho mau loa e komo i ka EU, hāʻawi ʻo Erdogan e uwao me Putin, ʻoiai ke hoʻopiʻi nei i ka US a me ka EU no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kahi kulekele hoʻonāukiuki kūʻē iā Rūsia no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea kaua iā Ukraine, i ka manawa i hāʻawi ai ʻo Ukraine iho ʻo Turkey i nā drones Bayraktar TB2 i. na Ukrainians, ka poe i lilo i ka moeuhane o na koa Rusia. A ua ʻike ʻo ia, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia ʻo Rūsia e hoʻohui iā Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporizhia a me Kharkov, me kahi referendum wahaheʻe.
Akā, ʻaʻole i unuhi kēia kākoʻo i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻi kālā e kūʻē iā Putin, ʻoiai ua loaʻa iā ia ka pōmaikaʻi waiwai mai ia mea ma ka ʻae ʻana e hoʻomau ka poʻe pāʻoihana Lūkini i kā lākou mau hana kalepa ma ka ʻāina Tureke, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hakahaka i waiho ʻia e nā hui haole ma Rusia e hoʻokomo mai. kou mau hui.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomau ka nui o nā hui Komohana i haʻalele iā Rūsia i ke kūʻai aku i nā huahana iā Russia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou keʻena nui ma Istanbul. ʻO kekahi mea i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia ke komo ʻana o nā limahana limahana Lūkini. I nā mahina ʻehiku mua o 2022, ua loaʻa iā Turkey he 41% hou aku o nā Lūkini ma mua o ka makahiki i hala, a e like me ka Turkish Chamber of Commerce ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā hui 600 me ke kapikala Lūkini. Wahi a ke keʻena helu helu Turkish ʻo Turk Stat, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻoiho ʻana o Turkey i Rūsia e 75% i Iulai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2021.
Ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i ka pili, ʻoiai ʻike ʻo Rūsia ma Turkey i kahi puka no ka mea hiki ʻole ke kūʻai aku iā ʻEulopa ma o ke ala kuʻuna, a lilo ka ʻāina ʻo Ottoman i kikowaena logistic i kēlā transit. Me ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, ka hiki ke hoʻokūkū me Kina i nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi a hana i kāna mau chips ponoʻī. A i waenakonu o kēia, hoʻomaka ka Hikina Hikina e huki i ka manaʻo o nā mea he nui, ma muli o nā ʻike kinoea e hiki ke hōʻike i kahi koho lōʻihi i ke kinoea Lūkini.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Eduard Soler, Polofesa o International Relations ma ke Kulanui Autonomous o Barcelona a me ka mea noiʻi hui ma Cidob, "manaʻo ka poʻe Turks ʻaʻole ʻo nā Lūkini wale nō ko lākou mau hoalauna ma ka ʻākau, akā ʻo ko lākou hoa noho ma ka hema, ma kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka mea keaka nāna e hoʻomalu i nā kaula, hiki iā ia ke veto a hana i nā pilikia nona ma kona palena me Suria. Ua ʻike mua ʻo ia i ke kumukūʻai o ka hakakā ʻana me Moscow, ʻoiai i ka makahiki 2015 ua pana ʻo Turkey i kahi mea hakakā Lūkini i kona komo ʻana i ka mokulele Turkish, a loaʻa i nā ʻano hoʻopaʻi like ʻole mai ka Kremlin. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole lākou makemake e hoʻokomo iā lākou iho i kahi ʻano o ka huhū me Putin.
"ʻO ka mea a Turkey, a me kāna pelekikena, e hoʻouna i nā leka like ʻole i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe," wahi a Soler. No kēia kumu, ʻoi aku ʻo Turkey ma mua o kahi pāʻani pālua, no ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana i nā manawa he nui e neʻe ai i loko o nā wai wai a hana i nā hoʻoholo kūʻē. No ka mea, loaʻa iā ia kahi hilinaʻi ikaika ikaika. E hui pū me ka International Energy Agency (IEA). ʻO 82,9% o ka nui o ka ikehu i loaʻa iā Turkey mai nā wahie fossil. Ua lawe mai ʻo Ankara i nā kinoea kūlohelohe a pau, 93% o ka aila a me 60% o ka lanahu.
A loaʻa ke kinoea Lūkini ma kekahi o nā ala nui e komo ai i ʻEulopa, ʻo ke kahawai ʻo Turk. Ua hoʻohiki pū nā Turks e uku i ke kinoea i loko o nā rubles a e hoʻohui i ka ʻōnaehana Mir i loko o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia e ka Russian Central Bank i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ʻo Swift e nā ʻoihana Lūkini. A ua kūʻai ʻia aku kekahi mau waiwai 2020 i nā kamaʻāina Lūkini, ʻo ia hoʻi ma lalo o ke kānāwai Tureke ʻo ia hoʻi ke komo ʻana i ke kamaʻāina Turkish. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke kālepa maʻalahi me nā hui ʻEulopa. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lākou ka papahana Lūkini no ka hana ʻana i kahi mea kanu nuklea ma ka wahi Turkish o Akkuyu e mālama ana i ka hui Lūkini ʻo Rosatom. ʻAʻole i pale kēia mau mea iā Turkey mai ka lilo ʻana i mea hoʻopukapuka nui ma Ukraine ma 2021-XNUMX.
kī kūloko
"Pono mākou e hoʻohui i ka mea i loko, ʻo Erdogan i ka wā o ka hakakā ma Ukraine he pilikia koʻikoʻi loa me kāna ʻoihana a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Turkish lira. Me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonui kālā i hoʻopaʻa i ke kauoha a Erdogan. ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Turkey no nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima i hala. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻanuʻu i hana ʻia e ke alakaʻi Tureke i lawe ʻia i loko, "wahi a Príncipe.
ʻO kahi kūlana hoʻokele waiwai e ola hou, akā e hoʻopakele i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana hou i ka honua i hoʻokomo wale ʻia ma nā Ottomans, e like me ka hui Dream Games, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Istanbul, me ke kumukūʻai o 2.750 miliona mau kālā; ʻO Trendyol, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila me ka waiwai o 16.500 miliona kālā a i ʻole ka hui hoʻolaha ʻo Getir, i waiwai ʻia ma 11.800 miliona. "A i kēia manawa, ʻo kāna pahuhopu nui, ʻo ia ka poina o nā Turks i ka hoʻolālā hoʻokele waiwai palupalu me he mea lā he mea pōkole wale nō ʻaʻohe ona mea e hana ai, a ma kahi āna e makemake ai e kūʻai aku ʻo ia he mokuʻāina mua. ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ma muli o ke koho balota 2023, "wahi a Príncipe.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Erdoğan ua makemake ʻo ia e hana kūʻokoʻa ka poʻe akamai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hapa nui no ka mea lawelawe ʻo ia i nā cereals i Iulai. Akā me ke noi o Suedena a me Finland e hui pū me NATO, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kona ʻae ʻole. "Aia kekahi pilikia kūloko o EU e hoʻopiʻi i ka pilina o Erdogan me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o EU, a ʻo ia ʻo Helene, kona ʻenemi mōʻaukala. Akā he manawa maʻalahi ʻo Turkey e pāʻani me ke kāloti a me ka lāʻau. ʻO ka lāʻau i loko o ka EU a me ke kāloti i NATO, no laila, inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi pilina me ka EU paʻakikī, e maʻalahi ka NATO iaʻu, no ka mea, ʻo NATO ka hoa mua e uwao me Rusia ", wahi a Príncipe.
Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ke hopohopo nei ʻo Turkey i ka neʻe ʻana o Rūsia ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele ma muli o nā pono waiwai a me ka geostrategic ma ia wahi. No ka mea, e hoomalu ana ia i ka Bosporus e hookaawale ana i ke Kai Eleele mai ke Kaiwaenahonua. He 40.000 mau moku e holo ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A ma ka la 7 o Okatoba, ua quintuple ʻo Turkey i ka uku i uku ʻia e nā moku no ka holo ʻana i ka Bosphorus, ʻo ia ka mea i unuhi ʻia i ka loaʻa kālā o 200 miliona mau kālā, e like me ka nūhou Turkish.
Hikina Hikina
Ke pāʻani nei ʻo Turkey i kāna mau kāleka i ka ʻimi ʻEulopa no nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kinoea Lūkia me ʻekolu mau papahana lōʻihi ma Central Asia, ke Kaiwa a me ka Hikina Hikina. ʻO ka hope kahi ʻāina me ka hiki ke palekana i ka ikehu ma ia wahi, a ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Turkey a me Helene i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā māla kinoea. I hui pu ai na pono o na aina e. ʻO kahi hōʻike mai ka US Geological Survey i manaʻo i ka hiki ʻana mai o 3.000 biliona cubic mika o ke kinoea a me 1.700 biliona barela aila mai nā kahakai o Cyprus, Israel, Gaza Strip, Syria a me Lebanona.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi memo ma waena o ke aupuni Libia a me Turkey no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hydrocarbons ma ke kai e nīnau ai i ka ʻāina o ka European Union (EU), a ke kumu nei ia i ke poʻo o Brussels. Manaʻo ia i ka uhaki ʻana i nā wai Helene. I mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, aia ʻo Rūsia ma ka ʻāina, me nā kumu i loaʻa iā ʻoe ma Suria. A noho ʻo Kina i ka mālama ʻana i ke awa o Piraeus, ma Helene, no 51 mau makahiki. No Príncipe, “he mea hoʻoponopono ko mākou, ʻaʻole he kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻole. Me ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana he kumukūʻai e uku ai”.
