Njengoba i-World Health Organisation ihlukanise isimo samanje se-mono virus njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo yomphakathi, kuzophakama imibuzo eminingi. Phakathi kwazo uma singahlasela noma ngubani, bunjani isifo, ubani okufanele agonywe nokuthi yimiphi imigomo ezosetshenziswa.
umndeni wengxibongo
Ake siqale ekuqaleni. Amagciwane omuntu kanye nemonkeypox angawomndeni owodwa, okuthiwa i-Poxviridae (uhlobo lwe-Orthopox). Kuhlanganisa namanye ama-poxvirus afana ne-Moluscum contagiosum, abangele ukugula okuncane ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.
Lesi esisikhathazayo manje sasibizwa ngokuthi i-monkeypox noma i-monkeypox virus (Monkeypox ngesiNgisi, MPX) ngoba yaqala ukuhlukaniswa ngo-1958 ezinkawini zama-macaque endaweni yokucwaninga e-Copenhagen. Kodwa-ke, yonke into ibonisa ukuthi ivela kwamanye ama-poxvirus ahlasela amagundane kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo - i-zoonosis. Idlangile emazweni aseNtshonalanga namaphakathi ne-Afrika kanti kusukela ngo-1970 akekho oke wazichaza njengomuntu eDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
Kusukela lapho sekuqubuke ezinye izifo njengalena eyenzeka ngo-2003 e-Illinois (USA), inabantu abangu-71 futhi ababikwanga ngokufa kwabantu. Ikhiqizwe ukuze ingeniswe eNigeria igundane elinegciwane eladlulisela leli gciwane ezinjeni zasemfuleni futhi ukusuka lapho lasakazekela kubantu. Kuleso simo, kwakukhona nokudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu.
Ngokuvamile imnene
Inkambo yemonkeypox ngokuvamile imnene. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bemisipha, i-lymphadenopathy (ukuvuvukala kwezindlala), umkhuhlane kanye nezilonda zesikhumba (ukuqubuka), okugcina kukhiqize ama-pustules futhi inani lawo lishintshashintsha kakhulu. Enye inkinga engase ibangele isimo esibucayi ukuba khona kokutheleleka ngamanye amagciwane afana namagciwane.
Izinga lokufa kwenkawu laliphakathi kuka-1 no-11%. Kuphansi kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi bekufike ku-30% wengxibongo yabantu eseyashabalala. Okuhle wukuthi ama-antiviral afana ne-Tecovirimat (ST-246) ayatholakala njengamanje, agunyazwe yi-European Medicines Agency (EMA) kanye ne-American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukuze ekwelaphe izifo ze-orthopoxvirus kubantu.
Lesi sidakamizwa safundwa kumamodeli we-primate lapho singakhawuleli khona imiphumela emibi. Kusukela ngo-2021 ibisetshenziswa, ngemiphumela emihle, ukwelapha izimo ezinzima zemonkeypox. Iphazamisa ukwenziwa kwendawo kwephrotheni yemvilophu yegciwane ebizwa ngokuthi i-p37, ivimbele ukuthi lisabalale kwamanye amaseli.
Nakuba ngokuvamile kuwukuvubela okuphezulu, inani labantu lihlala liqukethe abantu abathintekayo. Ikakhulukazi labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka: iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abamukeli bokufakelwa kanye nabantu abakhubazekile ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-AIDS. Kepha futhi nabantu abangenwa kalula yizifo ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kofuzo (i-polymorphism) okunomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni komzila othile obalulekile wokuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, njengoba kuye kwatholakala ezimeni ezithile ezinzima ze-Covid-19.
ESpain, ngokusho kwedatha yeNational Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE), ngo-Agasti 12, kwabikwa amacala aqinisekisiwe angama-5.719, okwesibili e-United States, lapho izifo zikhuphuke zafinyelela ku-9.491.
Ngokwesimo esikuso sijwayele ukucabanga ukuthi lesi yi-lockdown ethinta kakhulu amadoda alala namadoda. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukutheleleka okungathinta noma yimuphi umuntu, ngoba akudluliswa nje kuphela ngokuthintana nobulili obuseduze, kodwa futhi ngokuthinta izilonda zesikhumba ezithelelekile noma uketshezi lomzimba, njengamaconsi okuphefumula. Ngisho, nakuba kuncane kakhulu, ngokuthintana nezingubo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha evela ekuqubukeni kwangaphambilini, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 zisengozini enkulu yokufa okungafika ku-15%.
Ubani ogonywayo futhi ongagonyiwe?
Njengamanje, kubalulekile ukulandelela bonke abathintwayo abasengozini ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwegciwane. Futhi uyazibophezela ukuvimbela igciwane ekutheleleni izilwane ezingase zisebenze endaweni engalawuleki ngokwemvelo futhi zifake isandla ekumisweni kwazo ezindaweni ezintsha ngendlela ehlala njalo.
Njengoba ingxibongo yabantu kwathiwa ayisekho ngo-1980, umgomo wasuswa ekhalendeni lokugoma eminyakeni elandelayo (1984 eSpain). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-70% wabantu emhlabeni wonke abasebenzi. Njengoba amagciwane afanayo engxibongo yabantu kanye nalawo enkawu engowomndeni owodwa futhi ngenxa yalokho engama-homologous (96%), isiqalile ukusebenzisa imithi yokugoma kakade etholakalayo yegciwane lengxibongo yomuntu.
Ekuqaleni, amagciwane ancishisiwe ayesetshenziswa kodwa ayekwazi ukuphindaphinda—aphindaphindeke kodwa ngendlela engasebenzi kahle kakhulu-, ngakho ayengakwazi ukunikezwa abantu abangenawo amandla omzimba.
Namuhla sesivele sinemithi yokugoma enamagciwane angaphindaphindi futhi eyodwa yawo, i-MVA-BN, eyakhiwe yi-Bavarian Nordic, isanda kugunyazwa ukuthi isetshenziswe nokuphathwa kwedosi emi-2. Imakethwe njenge-JYNNEOS, IMVAMUNE, IMVANEX futhi iqukethe igciwane eliguquliwe elivela kugciwane elakhululwa ekuqaleni e-Ankara, eTurkey. NgoJuni 2022, i-European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) yathumela imithamo engu-110.000 yalo mgomo.
Isu lamanje lokugoma lihlanganisa ukugoma abantu abebesondelene kakhulu namacala aqinisekisiwe, ngokuthintana nomuntu onaleli gciwane noma ngokuba izisebenzi zezempilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili buni.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi igciwane linesikhathi eside sokufukamela esiyizinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-21, ukugoma ngokushesha okungase kube nokuxhumana okungase kunikeze inzuzo enkulu kubantu abangenwa kalula yizifo kanye namasosha omzimba. Ikakhulukazi njengoba ngemva kokugoma mancane amathuba okuthi inkambo yokutheleleka ibe yingozi.
Ngamafuphi, kufanele sihlakaniphe futhi sibe nethemba, njengoba yomibili imithi yokugoma esebenzayo kanye nezidambisigciwane isivele ikhona, kanye nephrothokholi ecacile yokusebenza.
MAYELANA NOMBHALI
Narcisa Martinez Quiles
Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ekuqaleni kwethi Ingxoxo.
