Entsha Umthetho weOrganic woKhuseleko lweDatha kunye nesiQinisekiso samaLungelo edijithali Uqale ukusebenza ngoMeyi 25, 2018, ngalo Mthetho kulungiswa uMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha waseYurophu, apho amacebo amatsha afakiwe, phakathi kwawo ukwaziswa kwesihloko esitsha esizinikezelwe ngokukodwa kumalungelo edijithali. njenge-Intanethi, imfundo yedijithali okanye ilungelo lokhuseleko lonxibelelwano, ukongeza kweminye imiba.
Uthini malunga noMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi (RGPD)?
Ummiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi (RGPD) ngumthetho wangoku osekwe kuyo yonke into enxulumene nemiba yokukhuselwa kwedatha kwinqanaba laseYurophu kwaye ekufuneka yenziwe ukusuka ngoMeyi 25, 2018. Ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, urhoxisa uMyalelo 95/46 / EC wePalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga, lika-Okthobha 24, 1995.
Lo Myalelo uhlengahlengiswe nguMthetho weOrganic 15/1999, we-13 kaDisemba, eSpain, kuKhuseleko lweDatha yobuNtu (LOPD) kwaye, kamva yiRoyal Decree 1720/2007, ye-21 kaDisemba, apho baphuhlise khona amagunya ongezelelweyo okuqinisekisa ezinye imigaqo yabo.
Iyaqwalaselwa Inkcukacha zimntu, kulo lonke olo lwazi luchazwe kwisicatshulwa, umfanekiso okanye iaudiyo, ekuthi ngayo kuvunyelwe ukuchongwa komntu. Ngaphakathi kulo mxholo, kukho idatha ethathelwa ingqalelo njengedatha yomngcipheko ophantsi, njengegama okanye i-imeyile, kodwa kukwakho neenkcukacha ezisengozini yokukhutshwa kwaye zithathwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu, njengoko kunjalo kwezi zinxulumene nenkolo okanye impilo yakho.
Ezo datha zingakuvumeli ukuba zichonge umntu aziphathwa njengedatha yobuqu, enje ngamatyala anje ngeemanyuwali zoomatshini, uqikelelo lwemozulu okanye ezo datha zingaziwayo, kwaye zinxulumene nomntu. Kwezi meko zichaziweyo, uMmiselo woSasazo lwaSimahla oluhambelana nedatha engeyoyabuntu iyathotyelwa.
Zithini ezona njongo ziphambili zoMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi?
Umthetho omtsha woKhuseleko lweDatha kunye nesiQinisekiso samaLungelo eDijithali unomsebenzi ophambili wokwenza iinkampani kunye nemibutho ukuba bazibophelele ekubeni nonyango olungcono lwedatha kunye neefayile zabo abaziphetheyo. Ngale ndlela, injongo yalo Mthetho ijolise ekusekeni uphuculo ngokubhekisele kwinqanaba lokukhusela idatha kubo bonke abantu bendalo. Ujolise kule njongo iphambili, uMthetho ukhankanya ngokukodwa le miba ilandelayo:
- Nika ulwazi malunga nokwenzekayo kwidatha yobuqu yakube yabiwe.
- Ukuququzelela ukuqonda kwemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala ngokusebenzisa ii-icon ezimiselweyo ekulula ukuqondakala kwaye zivelise ulwimi olucacileyo noluchanekileyo.
- Yenza imixube emitsha ehambelana namalungelo ohlukeneyo okuphucula ukufikelela kwabo, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kubantwana.
- Yandisa amalungelo asekwe ngaphezulu kwedatha yobuqu, kubandakanya ukuphatheka phakathi kwabanikezeli beenkonzo.
- Khusela kwaye uxhase inkqubo eyenziweyo ukulungiselela ukwenziwa koovimba ukulungiselela ukuqhubeka kophando okanye inzala kwimbono yeenkcukacha-manani.
Luluphi utshintsho olwenziwe kwimimiselo emitsha yoMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi?
Ngemigaqo emitsha yoMmiselo woKhuselo lweDatha ngokuBanzi, imigaqo emitsha yaziswa apho uxanduva olutsha lusekiwe ngokubhekisele ekunciphiseni umngcipheko obandakanya ukubhengezwa kwedatha yobuqu, lo mgaqo mtsha ungqongqo kancinci kwaye wenza isohlwayo kwabo baphula umthetho. Izibonelelo, ezi ntlawulo zibonelelwa yi-RGPD. Abantu abanomdla baya kuba nethuba lokufaka ibango phambi kwabasemagunyeni abahambelana nolawulo xa imigaqo yokhuseleko lwedatha ingathotyelwanga, kuthathelwa ingqalelo oku kungasentla, ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwe-LOPDGDD kunye nolawulo lwe-RGPD inokufikelela phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-20 yezigidi zeerandi, ilingana ne-2 kunye ne-4% yevolumu yeshishini yonyaka. Kuxhomekeke kwityala elenziweyo, ezi zichazwe njengezinzulu kakhulu, zinobuzaza kwaye zincinci.
Isohlwayo ekufanele bajongane nabo abo banoxanduva ngokwalawo ahlelwe kumhlathi odlulileyo aya kuboniswa ngezantsi:
1) Inzulu kakhulu: zezo zichazwe emva kweminyaka emithathu kwaye zenzeka xa:
- Idatha isetyenziselwa injongo eyahlukileyo kunaleyo kuvunyelwene ngayo.
- Kukho ukushiywa koxanduva lokwazisa iqela elichaphazelekayo.
- Ukurhoxiswa kuyafuneka ukufikelela kwidatha eyeyakho.
- Kukho ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kumazwe aphesheya ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso.
2) Inzima: zezo zichazwe emva kweminyaka emibini kwaye zinikwa xa:
- Idatha yomntwana isetyenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume.
- Ukusilela kokwamkelwa kwamanyathelo obuchwephesha kunye nemibutho ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo idatha.
- Umsebenzi wokunika umntu ophetheyo okanye umphathi ukukhusela idatha wophuliwe.
3) Ubumnene: yezo zichazwe ngonyaka kwaye zenzeka xa:
- Akukho kucaca kolwazi.
- Kukho ukusilela ukwazisa iqela elichaphazelekayo xa sele belicelile.
- Kukho ulwaphulo kwinxalenye yomntu ophetheyo ekwenzeni uxanduva lwabo lokukhusela idatha.
Amaziko okhuseleko lwedatha nemibutho inokufaka isibheno kwiimeko ezithile zithiwe thaca.
Ngawaphi amalungelo amatsha afakiwe kuMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi (RGPD)?
Lo Mthetho mtsha woKhuseleko lweDatha ubandakanye ukwandiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ezisisiseko kunye namalungelo acaciswe kwi-Directive 95/96 / EC echaza imiba enje ngoku: ukufikelela, ukulungiswa, ukurhoxiswa kunye nokuphikiswa, ekufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo la manqaku alandelayo:
- Ilungelo lokusula okanye lokulibala: kuxa idatha sele iqokelelwe esetyenziselwa injongo engagunyaziswanga, ephathwa ngokungekho semthethweni okanye erhoxisiweyo ngaphandle kwemvume epheleleyo. Kuya kufuneka iphathwe ngendlela apho amakhonkco, iikopi okanye iikopi zedatha enjalo kufuneka zisuswe.
- Ilungelo lokunciphisa umda kunyango: eli lungelo linokucelwa xa bephathwa ngokungekho mthethweni okanye kungasafuneki, kuba oku kufuneka kuxoxwe ngokucacileyo kwinkqubo njengonyango olulinganiselweyo.
- Ilungelo lokuthwala idatha: yifayile enokucelwa ngefomathi ethile ukuyithumela kwenye inkampani okanye ilizwe.
- Ilungelo lokwaziswa malunga nokophula umthetho wedatha yobuqu, kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-72, emva kokuqinisekisa ingxaki yezokhuseleko eyenzekileyo.
- Imvume: apho umgaqo omtsha umisela ukuba kufuneka unikezwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo, unikwe ulwazi kwaye ucaciswe licala elinomdla ngokubhekisele kwimisebenzi nganye yonyango. Ukuba imeko ingaphezulu kwenjongo enye yedatha, kufuneka kwenziwe isicelo ngasinye.
Umthetho woKhuselo lweDatha ucacile kwakhona xa umisela ukuba izitetit azisebenzi, oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu onomdla kufuneka athathe inyathelo lokuvuma ngokuqinisekileyo ukunika imvume yakhe epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu onomdla okanye umfaki sicelo angarhoxisa imvume yakhe nanini na kwaye enze ngendlela efanayo naleyo ibhengeziweyo.
Zithini iindleko zangaphakathi zoMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi?
Ngaphakathi kuMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha ngokuBanzi, kukho abaphathi ababonakala ngaphakathi ukukhusela idatha, phakathi kwabo esinokuthi sikhankanye:
- Umntu ophethe unyango ngulo mntu uzinikeleyo ekusebenziseni onke amanyathelo okhuseleko ukuze anciphise ukufikelela kwidatha, ukuze zisetyenziselwe kuphela iinjongo ebezifuneka, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukugcinwa kwemfihlo.
- Abasemagunyeni bakarhulumente kunye neenkampani ezithile, ekufuneka zibekhona kubathunywa abaphethe ukhuseleko lwedatha, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthobela imigaqo emiselweyo.
- Kwezi meko zikhankanyiweyo, indlela yokuziphatha iya kunikwa okanye, ukusilela oko, indlela yesiqinisekiso apho inokubonakaliswa ukuba uxanduva luzalisekisiwe kwaye, nangaphezulu, ukuba bakwimeko yokusebenzisana nabasemagunyeni kulawulo. Iirekhodi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuba ziyacelwa.
- Onke amaqela oluntu, iiyunivesithi, imibutho yabasebenzi, iinkampani zeinshurensi, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo, zinoxanduva lokuchonga umthunywa ofezekisa imisebenzi yokukhusela idatha, oya kuba ngumntu onoxanduva lokulawula ukwazisa, ukucebisa nokujonga umntu ukubiza umntu ophetheyo ukuba ahambisane nemimiselo.
