Isiqinisekiso ngaphandle koncedo
Isiqinisekiso sebhanki luhlobo lwenkxaso yemali enikezelwa liziko letyala. Isiqinisekiso sebhanki sithetha ukuba umbolekisi uya kuqinisekisa ukuzaliseka kwezibophelelo zomboleki. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umntu onetyala akahlawuli ityala, ibhanki iya kuyihlawula. Isiqinisekiso sebhanki sivumela umxhasi (okanye onetyala) ukuba afumane iimpahla, athenge izixhobo okanye abe nemali mboleko.
Isiqinisekiso sebhanki kuxa iziko elibolekayo livuma ukuhlawula ilahleko ukuba lowo ubolekayo uyasilela kwimali-mboleko. Isiqinisekiso sivumela inkampani ukuba ithenge into ebingenakuyenza ngenye indlela, inceda inkampani ukuba ikhule kwaye ikhuthaze umsebenzi weshishini.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziqinisekiso zebhanki, kubandakanywa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokungathanga ngqo. Iibhanki zihlala zisebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezithe ngqo kumashishini angaphandle okanye asekhaya, akhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kumxhamli. Iziqinisekiso ezithe ngqo zisebenza xa ukhuseleko lwebhanki lungaxhomekekanga kubukho, ubungqina kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwembopheleleko eyintloko.
Umzekelo, iNkampani A yindawo yokutyela entsha efuna ukuthenga izixhobo zasekhitshini ezixabisa izigidi ezi-3 zeedola. Umthengisi wezixhobo ufuna ukuba iNkampani A ibonelele ngesiqinisekiso sebhanki ukuhlawula iintlawulo ngaphambi kokuthumela izixhobo kwiNkampani A. Inkampani A icela isiqinisekiso kwiziko elibolekayo eligcina ii-akhawunti zalo zemali. Ibhanki, ngokwenene, isayina isivumelwano sokuthenga kunye nomthengisi.
Isiqinisekiso sokuthobela
Ukubhala phantsi umgca weshishini letyala yinkqubo elinganisa imiba eyahlukeneyo yomngcipheko ade umbolekisi aneliseke ukuba amandla elahleko angaphakathi kokunyamezela kwabo. Ngokuphonononga ixabiso lesibambiso, imbali yetyala, iingxelo zemali, iingxelo zepropathi, uqoqosho lwezibonelelo, ukuba nokwenzeka kweprojekthi, iimeko zemarike, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo, umbolekisi unokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imingcipheko kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza. Enye yezona zinto zinzima zibalulekileyo kulo mthetho wokulinganisa sisiqinisekiso sentlawulo.
Ngeyona ndlela isisiseko, isiqinisekiso sentlawulo sivumela umbolekisi ukuba ajonge ngaphaya kwesakhiwo setyala elilinganiselweyo lenjongo enye esetyenziswa luninzi lwababoleki; ngaphaya kwesiqinisekiso kunye nokuxhomekeka kwayo kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zemarike; ngaphaya kweengxaki zokusebenza komboleki okanye iingxaki zokuhamba kwemali; kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kubantu okanye amaqumrhu anexabiso lokwenyani emva kwenkampani.
Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kumbolekisi, inqununu nganye kunye neqabane lomboleki (ndiya kusebenzisa igama elithi "sponsor" ukubhekisela kumntu owenza izigqibo emva komboleki-mali) kufuneka abonelele ngesiqinisekiso sentlawulo esingenamkhawulo nesingenamiqathango, esisoloko sibizwa ngokuba ngumxhasi. isiqinisekiso semali-mboleko. "ubutyebi obugcweleyo" Ibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo, esi siqinisekiso sivumela umbolekisi ukuba anyanzelise omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwabaniki-ziqinisekiso ukuba benze zonke iintlawulo umboleki ebeza kuzenza. Ngamanye amazwi, naziphi na izibophelelo zomboleki kumbolekisi (ubuncinci ngokwentlawulo), i-guarantor inezibophelelo ezifanayo. Iingenelo zesi sixhobo zicacile, kodwa kwanele ukuthetha ukuba ngesiqinisekiso esipheleleyo sokubuyisela, akunandaba nokuba ixabiso lenkampani liya phi: umbolekisi unenkxaso kwii-guarantors. Akukhathaliseki nokuba kungenxa yobuqhophololo, ulawulo gwenxa, okanye ishwangusha nje elicacileyo, nokuba siyintoni na isizathu sokungagqibeki, umbolekisi unokulandela naziphi na iziqinisekiso zalo lonke ityala.
isiqinisekiso sentlawulo
Ngaphantsi komgaqo omnye wesenzo saseCalifornia, "kunokubakho uhlobo olulodwa lwesenzo sokuqokelela naliphi na ityala okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwalo naliphi na ilungelo elikhuselwe yi-mortgage kwipropati yangempela." IKhowudi yeKhowudi Civ Proc. § 726 (a). Ke ngoko, umbolekisi unokuthatha kuphela "inyathelo elinye" ngokuchasene nomboleki, njengokuthengiswa kwetrasti, ukuvalwa, okanye ukufaka isuti kwinqaku. Iinkundla zaseKhalifoniya zitolika lo mgaqo ngokudibeneyo nomnye, umthetho "wokhuseleko lokuqala", ofuna ukuba umbolekisi aqhubele phambili nokuhlutha ipropathi yokwenyani phambi kokuba amangalele umboleki buqu. Jonga i-Walker v. Bank Bank, 10 Cal. 3d 729 (1974). Nangona kunjalo, ababolekisi banqongophele ekubuyiseni kwabo, njengoko banokuvala kwangaphambili kwipropathi yokuqinisekisa imali mboleko kwaye bashiywe benentsilelo.
Isiqinisekiso somntu siqu sisoloko sibandakanyiwe kumaxwebhu esicelo semali-mboleko, kodwa sisivumelwano esahlukileyo phakathi kombolekisi nomntu othi "uqinisekisa" ukubuyiswa komboleki-mboleko. Ngaloo ndlela, nasemva kokuba ipropati efumana imali mboleko yemali yabucala ivaliwe, umbolekisi unokwanelisa ukusilela kwimali-mboleko ngokufaka ukuphulwa kwetyala lekhontrakthi. Ikhontrakthi - isiqinisekiso somntu - uthembisa ukuba umqinisekisi uya kuhlawula imali mboleko kunye nepropati yomntu ukuba umntu okanye iqumrhu leshishini elicela umboleko alikwazi ukwenza oko.
Isiqinisekiso sokuNgabandakanywa kuNcedo
Amazwe amaninzi engingqi ye-euro enze izikimu zesiqinisekiso semali-mboleko ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiiphakheji zabo zenkxaso ekuphenduleni kwintlekele ye-coronavirus (bona iSahluko 1). Ejongene nelahleko enkulu yengeniso kunye nengeniso, ezi nkqubo zexeshana zinokuxhasa ukuhamba kwetyala kuqoqosho lokwenyani kwaye, ke ngoko, zincede ukuzinzisa inkqubo yebhanki. Le bhokisi inikezela ngovavanyo olubonisa indlela olawulo olubhengeziweyo olucetywa ngayo ukusebenza, kunye nendlela ezinokuchaphazela ngayo ubungakanani belahleko ezinokufunyanwa ziibhanki kwiikota ezizayo.
Ekubeni izikimu zinqunywe kwinqanaba likazwelonke, iimpawu zabo, kubandakanywa nobukhulu babo kunye neendlela zokufaneleka, ziyahlukahluka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye. Iiparameters eziphambili zeskim bubukhulu beskimu sesiqinisekiso, ixabiso leziqinisekiso, inxalenye yemali-mboleko eqinisekisiweyo, ubuninzi bemali ebolekwayo ngomboleki kunye neendlela zokufaneleka kwiinkampani ukuba zifaneleke kuzo (jonga ibhokisi A) . Isakhelo sexeshana seKhomishini yaseYurophu yamanyathelo enkxaso yokubekwa phantsi kwemithetho yeziqinisekiso zombuso eziya kuhlala zihambelana nemarike yangaphakathi[1] Izicwangciso zijolise ekuxhaseni amashishini amancinci naphakathi (SMEs) kunye nokuziqeshela , kunye namashishini amakhulu. bakwafanelekile ukuba bafumane imali-mboleko entsha enokusetyenziswa njengesiseko soshishino ukugcina ukuhlawula ababoneleli kunye nabasebenzi. Iziqinisekiso zemali-mboleko zidla ngokuba zezexesha elifutshane (unyaka omnye), kodwa zinokude zibe neminyaka emithandathu. Amaxabiso adla ngokuqala kumanqaku asisiseko angama-25 (bps) kwiziqinisekiso zonyaka omnye ze-SME kunye ne-50 bps kwiziqinisekiso zonyaka omnye zeshishini. Inyukela kumanqaku asisiseko ali-100 kunye namanqaku asisiseko angama-200, ngokulandelelanayo, kwisithuba seminyaka emine nemithandathu. Ukufakwa kwelahleko ngokuqhelekileyo kukhawulelwe kubuninzi be-90% yenqununu yemboleko, nangona inani elilinganiselwe lemali mboleko ene-100% yokuqinisekisa ifumaneka kumazwe ambalwa.
