Umntu owagunyaziswa ukuba abhale igama lecanon engasekhoyo ebizwa ngokuba nguPedro kwicawe yecathedral yakudala yaseRoda de Isábena phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-233, engazi ukuba le iya kuba yeyokugqibela kwiseti ekhethekileyo yemibhalo ehombisa le ndawo ikhethekileyo. kwiiPyrenees zaseAragon. “Yeyona ndawo inamaxwebhu amakhulu eepigraphic kulo lonke elaseYurophu,” utsho uVincent Debiais, ugqirha weMedieval History. Iqela leengcali zesiFrentshi ezikhokelwa ngulomphandi ovela kwi-École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS / CNRS) iqulunqe imibhalo ye-30 ngeenyawo kule cloister yamagama, iirekhodi ze-1967 ngaphezulu kunezo zibonwa ngumfundisi kunye nomlando-mlando u-Antonio Durán Gudiol ubalo lwakhe luka-XNUMX.
“Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwazo zazizazi, kodwa ekubeni zazingakwazi ukuzifunda ngokulula ngenxa yemeko yazo yolondolozo (zezona zonakaliswe kakhulu), zazingenakuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umhla negama kungekhona ezo zibandakanyiweyo; ” U-Debiais wachaza kwincoko yomnxeba no-AB C. Abanye babephantsi kweeleya zesamente nemizobo yale mihla eye yavunywa luvuselelo lwamva nje. I-cloister uGudiol awayecinga ngayo kwi-jewel ephakathi kule dolophu incinci yaseRibagorza, e-Huesca, ayifani naleyo oyibonayo ngoku.
Imibhalo kwi-arches ye-cloister nguVincent Debiais
Imibhalo, ngokubanzi imfutshane kakhulu, igcwele i-arches kunye nee-capitals zeegalari zayo ezine, kunye nodonga lwangaphandle lwe-refectory kunye ne-arches yendlu yesahluko, ngokuhambelana nokuhombisa okuyinyani kwale ntlanganiso kunye nendawo yokucamngca, iziko lezenkolo. ubomi obujinga kumaXesha Aphakathi. “Eli libali elimangalisayo kuba kwiimonasteri zamaxesha aphakathi kunye neecathedrals, imiyalezo emiyo, eyona mingcwabo, ishiywe kwindawo engcwele, kodwa eRoda ilinganiselwe kwindawo ye-cloister, "ugqabaza i-medievalist yesiNgesi. . Mnye kuphela umbhalo owenziweyo ngaphakathi kwecawa, into ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-bishop' slab' efumana isikhumbuzo sabefundisi bokuqala baseRoda de Isábena.
Ngoku, le dolophu yaseHuesca enabemi abamalunga nama-40 kuphela kucingelwa ukuba yeyona dolophu incinci eSpain enecathedral. Kwaye ayisiyiyo nayiphi na i-cathedral, kodwa eyona indala eAragon. Yachongwa njengesihlalo sobubhishophu ngo-956, kodwa yaphulukana nale meko kungekudala emva koko, ngo-1100, emva kokoyiswa kweBarbastro. ERoda yahlala iyicathedral engenabhishophu, kodwa ingenankumbulo. I-Debiais ibike ukuba ii-canons ezihlala kuyo zifuna ukugqamisa amaxesha apho iziko lidlala indima ephambili kwimizabalazo yamandla ePyrenees kwaye yasebenzisa isicwangciso esilumkileyo sesikhumbuzo. I-cloister yaba siskripthi se-obituary enkulu ye-lapidary, egcwele imemori yezopolitiko, yamaziko kunye neyomntu. Ngaloo ndlela, ibonakaliswe ngokusisigxina emehlweni abo bonke, idilizwe kwisikhumbuzo esikhethekileyo, inkumbulo yoluntu eyayibaluleke kakhulu kwimvelaphi yayo iya kuhlala ngonaphakade.
Eminye yemibhalo ebhaliweyo igcina inxalenye yepolychromy yabo endala - iVincent Debiais
Le nkqubo yomngcwabo kunye nembali iqala ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini, kunye nombhalo ofunyenwe kufuphi nomnyango wecawa kwaye ubhekisela kubhishophu waseRoda ongabonakali kwilitye lengcwaba ngaphakathi kwetempile. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX yagqitywa ngemizobo engaphezu kwamakhulu amabini. “Kusinika umfanekiso woluntu oluyazi ngokupheleleyo indima enokudlalwa ukubhala, ixabiso lalo kunye nomsebenzi walo”, uqaqambisa umphandi wesiNgesi.
Nditsho nohlobo oluthile lukaRoda, oludlala ngeefom zeplastiki kwaye "alubonakali ngathi nantoni na", alubonisi kuphela "uthando lokwenene lokubhala, incasa yokwenene yokubhala". Njengoko u-Debiais egxininisa, ukusetyenziswa kwesi sikripthi, esingengomsebenzi wenkosi enye ekubeni iqhubela phambili kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, "ithatha inxaxheba kwintando ye-canon ukudala intsapho, ukwenza uluntu."
Ifonti yeRoda de Isábena ikwisinye - iVincent Debiais
"Abantu ababhala phantsi kwe-Roda babe neleta efana 'ne-unicum', ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nehlabathi lombhalo wesandla, kwaye kunomdla kakhulu ukuqonda inkcubeko ebhaliweyo kwi-Middle Ages", iphawula ingcali kwi-epigraphy. "Kwi-Roda sibona kakuhle ukuba umbono wethu we-monolithic wokubhala kwexesha eliphakathi (njengento esezandleni zabantu abambalwa abanoqeqesho kunye namandla) ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo. Kuya kufuneka sikhumbule iifom ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezizenzekelayo, zikhululeke kakhulu ukuziqhelanisa nokubhala ”, wongeza.
Le mibhalo ibiya kunceda ukuseka ikhonkco phakathi kwabaphilayo nabafileyo. Iicanon ezihamba kwi-cloister kwaye zaqaphela amanani kwii-arches kunye nee-capitals zenza abo bantu baswelekileyo babuyele ebomini ngandlela-thile ngamazwi abo nangeengqondo zabo. Njengoko u-Debiais egxininisa, "onke loo manani abhalwe kwi-cloister ayisiyonkumbulo nje yezinye iicanon ezifileyo, zikwangumkhondo wobukho bazo, abathi ngenxa yokufunda kwabo bafumane ixesha langoku".
Imibhalo kwi-cloister yaseRoda nguVincent Debiais
Njengoko i-Middle Ages iqhubela phambili, inani lemibhalo yanciphisa, ekugqibeleni layeka phakathi kwekhulu leshumi elinesine. Iziko laseRoda lalilahlekelwe ngamandla njengeziko lenkcubeko ePyrenees kwaye latshintsha isimo salo sengqondo ebusweni bembali yalo. Akasabanjwa kumzuzu woxinzelelo kunye nobuthathaka, kunye nesidingo sokubonakalisa ukupasa kwakhe okuzukileyo. Yayiluluntu olungafuni kakhulu kwaye i-epigraphic resource yayingasenalo ixabiso elifanayo. Kwakhona, ngeli xesha kukho utshintsho olwahlukeneyo kwinkcubeko ebhaliweyo ephakathi. Inombolo kunye nomhla zikhatshwa sisixa semali ebinikezelwe ukuba ikrolwe, ubudlelwane phakathi kwaloo mntu noluntu, izalamane zomfi... Le mibhalo idlulela kwizidumbu ezinde.
Omnye wemizobo engekashicilelwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ugqame ncakasana kuba ubonisa ukufika kweRoda yaloo accounting, utyekelo lolawulo kulawulo lomfi. Nangona ingafundeki ngenxa yemeko yolondolozo, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba yayibonisa umnikelo owawenziwe ngumfi kwiziko laseRoda ukuze bamthandazele ngeentsuku zokukhumbula ukufa kwakhe. Akukho nto imbalwa yemibhalo enjalo kwi-cloister kwaye yonke ibhalwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. “Le rekhodi ibhala umkhwa onokuthi ube yinkuthazo yotshintsho,” utshilo uDebiais. Mhlawumbi zazinkulu kakhulu kwi-cloister esele igcwele iidesika.
Iinkcukacha ze-cloister-Vincent Debiais
Ezinye iiRekhodi ozibhaqileyo ngoku zikwanika umdla kuba ijonge phantsi, ijonge phantsi. Utyhile ukuba ngexesha elithile, utshintsho lwenziwe kwi-cloister kwaye imibhalo ayizange itshatyalaliswe, ukuba ayisuswanga, ngaphandle kweli cala ngendlela ephosakeleyo. Umbhali-mbali uthi: “Lo mfana uye waphila ubomi obuxakekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Abaphandi bayazi, ngokomzekelo, ukuba eminye yemibhalo yakhe yamatye yaphinda yasetyenziswa kwiindonga zendlu yesahluko kwaye bakholelwa ukuba imibhalo efunyenwe eludongeni lwendawo yokuphumla, eyonakele kakhulu, nayo yafuduselwa apho.
Uphononongo lwemibhalo ephakathi eRoda, enokuthi idityaniswe simahla kwi-Intanethi kwijenali kwi-Scription yezifundo ze-epigraphic zeYunivesithi yasePoitiers, iye yaba nentsebenziswano yoMbutho wabahlobo beCathedral yaseRoda kunye nenkxaso yeGeneral. ICandelo leLifa leMveli laseAragon kunye nebhishophu yaseBarbastro-Monzón, kunye neZiko leZifundo eziPhakamileyo zeMedieval Civilization ePoitiers kunye ne-École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales eParis.
Ubusuku obumnyama buka-Erik waseBelgium
Ngobusuku bukaDisemba 6 ukusa kowe-7, 1979, icathedral yaseRoda de Isábena yafumana isithonga sikaErik waseBelgium odumileyo, owathi wayihlutha obona buncwane bakhe buxabisekileyo, obufana necwecwe elithi ‘De la Virgen y San Vicente’. , leyo Ngethamsanqa, yafunyanwa yaza yafunyanwa kwiMyuziyam yaseHuesca, okanye iSilla de San Ramón, awayinqumlayo ukuze kube lula ukuthengiswa kwayo. Ezinye zeziqwenga zakhe zingena kumngcelele ongaziwayo.
