Izidanga ezinxulumene neNzululwazi yeKhompyutha, ubuNjineli kunye nezeMpilo zezo zinokuqesheka okukhulu ngelixa ezo zinxulumene nobuGcisa kunye noBuntu zizo ezivala ileli. Esi sesona sigqibo siphambili esivela kwisifundo se-U-Ranking, esilungiselelwe yi-BBVA Foundation kunye ne-IVIE (i-Valencian Institute for Economic Research), echaza ukuba le fomu iqinisekisa inkolelo ethandwayo yokuba inika "amathuba amaninzi" kwi-STEM degrees ( iSayensi, iThekhinoloji, ubuNjineli kunye neMathematika).
I-odolo yokubeka i-101 kwiikhampasi zeyunivesithi yaseSpain, ezithatha ngaphezu kwe-4.000 izidanga ze-bachelor zangoku kwaye ziseke iindlela ezine zokuchaza ukuqeshwa: ireyithi yengqesho, ipesenti yabantu abaqeshwayo abanomvuzo ongaphezulu kwe-1.500 ye-euro, ipesenti yemisebenzi enezakhono eziphezulu kunye inani labaphumeleleyo abasebenza kwindawo yabo yokufunda.
Ngale ndlela, waqukumbela ngelithi "isihloko esifundisiweyo siphawula umahluko ekufakeni ukuya kuthi ga kwipesenti ezingama-25 kwithuba lokufunda lokufumana umsebenzi, amanqaku angama-82 apho umvuzo udlula i-euro eyi-1.500, amanqaku angama-81 apho ngumsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo. kwinqanaba lezifundo kunye namanqaku angama-92 apho umsebenzi ulungelelaniswe kwindawo abaqeqeshwe kuyo kwaye bafanelekele ". Ukufumana ezi ziphumo, imeko ngo-2019 yabafundi abaphumelele kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambili iye yahlalutywa.
Ngaphandle kokuba iziphumo ezipheleleyo zofakelo lweedigri ezithile, ulwahlulo lukhokelwa liMedicine, kunye nenqanaba lengqesho lama-95%, 91,8% abantu abasebenzayo abafumana i-1.500 okanye ngaphezulu kwee-euro ngenyanga, kwaye malunga ne-100% yabaGqibileyo abasebenza kakhulu- izakhono kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nokufunda.
Iinkampani ezisibhozo zobunjineli, kunye neNzululwazi yeKhompyutha, zithathe amanyathelo alithoba alandelayo oluhlu. Ngokukodwa, ekuhlahleni, ubuNjineli be-Aeronautical, ubuNjineli beKhompyutha, ubuNjineli boBuchwephesha boShishino, iSayensi yeKhompyutha, ubuNjineli boNxibelelwano, uPhuhliso lweSoftware kunye nezicelo kunye nobunjineli be-Multimedia, ubuNjineli baMandla, ubuNjineli boMbane kunye nobuNjineli boMbane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwinqanaba elisezantsi letheyibhile, iziphumo ezithandekayo zokufakwa kwabasebenzi kwabo baphumelele izifundo zeyunivesiti kwi-Archaeology zivelele, kunye ne-77% yemali yengqesho kunye ne-62% yemisebenzi ephezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela i-10% yaba basebenzi abanemivuzo elingana okanye ngaphezulu kwe-euro eyi-1.500, kunye ne-54% yabaphumeleleyo basebenza kwindawo yokufunda.
Eminye imimandla yokufunda enamanqanaba asezantsi okuqesheka, ngokwengqiqo enyukayo ukusuka kwindawo yokugqibela, yiMbali yezoBugcisa, uLondolozo kunye noBuyiselo, uBugcisa obuBugcisa, uLawulo kunye noLawulo loLuntu, uNyango lwezeMisebenzi kunye neMbali.
Ukuhlelwa kweeDyunivesithi
Le ngxelo ikwahlela amathuba okufakwa emsebenzini ngokweyunivesithi abagqibe kuyo izifundo zabo. Imeko ngokubanzi kulo mba ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiidigri ezinikezelwa liziko ngalinye. Ke, iipolytechnics, ezinobunzima obubalulekileyo beedigri ezibekwe phezulu kwinqanaba-ezifana nobunjineli kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter-zivelele kwizikhundla eziphezulu.
Kwakhona zibekwe phezulu kwitheyibhile "iiyunivesithi ezininzi zabucala kunye nezincinci, ezisandul 'ukuqulunqa ukunikezelwa kwazo ngeedigri kwaye zikhethe ukuqulunqwa kwezihloko ezineziphumo ezilungileyo zokufaka", ngokutsho kwababhali bophononongo.
Ke, inqanaba lehlabathi lokufakwa kwabasebenzi kwihlabathi liphela likhokelwa yiYunivesithi yasePolytechnic yaseMadrid (kawonke-wonke), ilandelwa yi-Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila. Okulandelayo, ngokuhla, i-polytechnics yaseCartagena kunye neCatalunya (zombini zikawonkewonke), zilandelwa ngamaqela amaninzi angasese: iYunivesithi yaseNebrija, iPontificia de Comillas, i-Alfonso X el Sabio, i-International de Catalunya kunye ne-Mondragón. Uluhlu lwabalishumi abaphezulu luvaliwe yiYunivesithi yoLuntu yaseNavarra.
Ngokuchaseneyo noko, iiyunivesithi ezivela kwizifundo ngokubanzi zembali kwaye, ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo, zijongana kuphela nazo zonke iinkalo zobungcali kwaye zigcine unikezelo lwemimandla yolwazi ngokuqesheka okuncinci, okona kubi kakhulu kuhlelo. Le yimeko yeYunivesithi yaseSalamanca kunye nezo zaseMurcia, eAlicante, eGranada, eHuelva, eMálaga naseAlmería, apho iYunivesithi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid kunye neYunivesithi yasePablo Olavide yaseSeville ikhona.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqeshwa kakuhle kweedigri ze-STEM akuthinteli abafundi abancinci baseyunivesithi yaseSpain ukuba babe neengxaki ezinkulu zokuqesheka kunoontanga babo baseYurophu. Ngaloo ndlela, izinga lokuqeshwa kwabaphumeleleyo kutshanje "liphakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-8 yeepesenti yeepesenti ngaphantsi komyinge we-European Union," ngokutsho kophando.
Kumazwe aseYurophu (iNetherlands, iMalta, iJamani, i-Estonia, iLithuania, iHungary, iSlovenia, iSweden, iFinland, iOstriya neLatvia) kukho ingqesho eninzi phakathi kwabaphumeleleyo abancinci, idlula i-90%, ngelixa eSpain ayifiki kwi-77. %, kuphela ngenxa ye-Italiya neGrisi.
Isixhobo sokukhangela isidanga
Ukuququzelela ukukhethwa kwabafundi, abasemagunyeni kwingxelo baye bafaka izigqibo zabo kwisixhobo 'Khetha iYunivesithi' kwiwebhusayithi ye-U-Ranking. Ke ngoko, kwiiparamitha esele inabo le njini yokukhangela umsebenzi, izalathisi zokufakwa kwabasebenzi kwii-esttudio zeyunivesiti ezahlukeneyo zongezwa ngoku, kunye nomahluko okhoyo ngoku ngokuxhomekeke kwiyunivesiti ezibonelela ngazo.
Ngokutsho kwabakhuthazi, "enye yeenjongo eziphambili zeprojekthi ye-U-Ranking kukuququzelela isigqibo sabafundi sokuba bakhethe abafundi kwaye bacebise uqeqesho lwabo eyunivesithi." Ukhetho lonyaka emva konyaka lulawulwa luluhlu olubanzi lweedigri, kunye needigri ezingaphezu kwama-4.000 ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo, kunye nokulinganiselwa kwamanqaku okusikwa kunye namaxabiso okubhalisa.
