Akathandi ukuphosa intsini yeenyani ezomileyo kuluntu. Ungakhankanyi amanani amangalisayo awenza abukeke njengePythagorean, okanye imihlathi epholileyo, masithi, impembelelo yezikolo zesiLatini kwinkqubo yokufunda nokubhala yemibutho yaseSpain ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. UJosé Carlos Gracia, umyili kunye nomlawuli wepodcast 'Iinkumbulo zeGubu' enamakhulu amawaka okhutshelweyo, uxhasa ukubalisa imbali yaseSpain ngamazwi alula, angafihlisiyo nanyanisekileyo.
Kwincwadi ethi 'iSpain kunye nelifa layo elingabonakaliyo' (Espasa), elinye lawona mazwi aziwayo ekuphakanyisweni kweSpanish kwakhona libhekisa kumkhosi wakhe wabalandeli abangenamiqathango ngethoni esondeleyo, etshintsha amava akhe abalulekileyo ngembali, ukubalumkisa ngamakhonkco amaninzi. ezidibanisa ixesha langoku kunye nexesha elidlulileyo. "Siyenye yezona ndawo zityebileyo kwihlabathi malunga nokuhlalisana kwempucuko kunye nenkcubeko, eyenza ukuba sahluke kwaye, nangona singekho ngcono, sibe nethamsanqa," ulumkisa uGracia ngencwadi ebalisa nge-adventure yase-Hispanic evela kwi-hominids yokuqala, edlulayo. ngoomatiloshe ababephelelwe lithemba abafumene iLizwe Elitsha, ukuya kutsho kumhla obukhali wangoku.
-Ucinga ukuba yeyiphi imfihlo yokunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nabaphulaphuli bakho kwaye ngoku abafundi?
-Khawufane ucinge ukuba ibali ngeyona ndlela yomntu ngemvakalelo encinci, inkanuko. Andiyenzi ngenjongo, ngokucacileyo, kuba loo nto ayinakunyanzeliswa. Ndinika uchuku lwam lobuqu ukuxelela izinto kwaye kulapho kuqhutyekwa khona. Into endiyaziyo kukuba ndinabalandeli abanyanisekileyo. Ndinabaphulaphuli abandithumelela ii-imeyile, enkosi... Ndiqhelekile, kodwa kukho umzuzu apho ii-imeyile ezininzi ziye zandongamela.
Andazi ukuba abantu baseSpain bayamamela na ukuba ixesha labo langoku linxulumana nexesha elidlulileyo.
-Into endizama ngayo kukuba abantu bacinge ukuba imbali ayifundi amanani, okanye amadabi, okanye ulawulo, kodwa ukwazi ukuba bonke abantu ababengaphambi kwakho babeneemvakalelo ezifanayo kakhulu nezakho, ukungaqiniseki kunye noloyiko, iimvakalelo ... ziyanceda ukuva ukuba ngokwenene akukho tshintsho lungako. Ukuba silithontsi lamanzi elwandle.
Lilifa.
Ewe, besele ndiyithethile loo nto encwadini. Ilifa lingqikelelo elinokuba libi, lisenokuba ngamatyala, kodwa likwanokuba yinto entle. Ngokucacileyo asinakuthatha uxanduva kuyo yonke into eyenzekayo njengento elungileyo, into ezukileyo, kude kuyo. Kufuneka uthabathe into ezayo, okulungileyo nokubi, kwaye udibanise, ufunde kuyo kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, uyidlulisele kwabo beza ukuzama ukuyiphucula, bazame ukuyicolisa. Sinoxanduva lokuyidlulisela kwabo beza kamva.
Ucinga ukuba siphila ngomqolo kwelo lifa?
-Kukunqongophala ukuba kukho, ngokucacileyo, kodwa ayisiyonto iqikelelweyo. Ndicinga ukuba ukuba abantu bebefundiswa imbali ngolu hlobo baze bancede banxulumanise zonke iziganeko zexesha elidlulileyo nezangoku baze baziqonde kuzo, baya kuyonwabela ngakumbi. I-podcast yam, umzekelo, ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuba abantu bayayidinga le nto. Xa ndiqala ukuyenza, yayiyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ndaqalisa ukuyithanda. Ndibenzela yona, kuba andihlawulisi nakweliphi na iqonga kwaye ndifumana imali kuphela kwabo bafuna ukwenza umnikelo. Oku kundinika inqaku lokuba semthethweni, ubunyani, kwaye kundivumela ukuba ndirekhode xa ndifuna.
-Kwenzeka njani ukuba umndilili waseSpain uphele elambile kangaka imbali yakhe?
-Kucacile ukuba iSpeyin ngokuzixabisa okanye ukuzazi ngembali yayo yahlukile. Siye sakha iqokobhe elenze imbali into egcinayo okanye i-elitist, into ekrelekrele okanye into endingayaziyo ... Ezikolweni, ngokucacileyo, ayifundiswa kakuhle; abantwana bahamba ngehashe ukusuka kwixesha lamaRoma ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwaye imbali ibonwa njengesixhobo sokuphosa esinengcamango. Kukho intsimi apho kufuneka ndixhamle kwaye yiyo loo nto ndingene kwesi sityalo seqanda. Awunakuyiba loo nto ebantwini. Imbali iyahlakulela, yenza abantu bonwabe kwaye baneliseke ngakumbi.
Ifoto nguJosé Carlos Gracia Planeta
-Ngaba imbali yaseSpain ibango lokuba bonke abantu baseSpain, ukuba wonke umntu uziva echongiwe nayo?
-Ukubalisa ngokuqhelekileyo. Khangela, ndandisoloko ndithandabuza kakhulu ukwenza i-podcast malunga neMfazwe yombango kunye neenkqubo ezikhokelela kwi-36. Ndandicinga ukuba kuya kuba ngumcimbi ophikisanayo, kodwa namhlanje loo msindo isondele kwi-400.000 yokukhuphela kwaye ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba baye bafumana ii-imeyile ezininzi kunye nophononongo olumbalwa kakhulu. Ndicinga ukuba abantu bayayithanda kuba ndithetha ngokwenene ngeMfazwe yombango ngokwembono yomntu, umntu kakhulu, enika iinyani kunye nokuthetha ngayo yonke into. Ngokucacileyo ndithetha malunga nokuba yintoni iRiphabhlikhi, eyayingeyona i-roses, kude nayo, kwaye ndichaza ukuba imfazwe yayingelona ibali lokulungileyo nokubi, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo. Yayilungquzulwano phakathi kweembono ezimbini zokumamela ubomi, amaqela amabini ahlukeneyo eSpeyin anemfundo encinane kakhulu kunye nodidi oluphakathi oluphantse lungabikho. Abantu, nokuba bangoongantweni okanye banenkqubela, baqonde kwaye baqinisekise. Abantu emva kokundimamela bathi, 'heyi, le ndoda indixelele izinto ngokwembono esengqiqweni'.
Ngaba imbali yaseSpain inento ekhethekileyo okanye ekhethekileyo?
-Onke amazwe anenyani eyahlukileyo yelizwe. Ilifa lesizwe lithetha ngendlela omamela ngayo izinto, indlela othetha ngayo… Luvakalelo. Isikhalo, kodwa, njengakwincwadi yam, ngokuchasene nobuzwe kunye ne-populism. Ubuzwe kum bubonakala buyingcamango ehlwempuzekileyo kwaye ikhokelela umntu kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi, ekubuyeleni kobukrelekrele. Kwakhona iSpanish, kunjalo. Naluphi na uhlobo lokwahlula olusekelwe kwindawo yokuzalwa lubonakala lungenangqondo kum, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba imbali yaseSpain, i-carambola ecocekileyo, inento ekhethekileyo. Sazalelwa kwilizwe elikummandla okhethekileyo weMeditera. Yonke imikhondo esinayo evela kwimpucuko eyohlukeneyo isenze sahluka. Ukongeza, le yinyani yeReconquest, eyakhokelela ekukhululweni kwePeninsula kumandla amaSilamsi nakwi-inertia enkulu kuneyethu inaseMelika. Singomnye wemimandla etyebileyo kwihlabathi malunga nokuhlalisana kwempucuko kunye neenkcubeko, ezisenza sahluke kwaye, nangona singengcono, sinethamsanqa.
"Ukubona namhlanje umnqobi waseSpain njengento ehlaselayo, ngokulula, kungekhona umthumeli wenkcubeko, mna ngenxa yokuba ithatha yonke into."
-Yintoni efunekayo ukuze uqinisekise iLatin America ngelifa eliqhelekileyo kumacala omabini echibi?
-Abantu kufuneka babe nomoya ogxekayo, onzima, kodwa asiyi kuphosa itawuli ngenxa yoko. I-Hispanics, naphi na apho basuka khona, baya kuyonwabela imbali yabo ukuba bayayiqonda imvelaphi yabo yaseSpain. Ukubona namhlanje umnqobi waseSpain njengento enobundlobongela, ngokulula, kungekhona ukusasaza inkcubeko, kuba ithatha icala kuyo yonke enye into, ukuvala ulwazi lomntu. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba ndazalelwa eSpain okanye eBolivia, imvelaphi ayinamsebenzi kum. Into ebalulekileyo yinkcubeko ukuba unjani. Buqhubekile njani ubomi bakho nemikhwa yakho? Nelifa lakho? Loo mxube weenkcubeko, loo Reconquista, loo Camino de Santiago, loo mpembelelo yaseMelika. Ukuba abantu bayalazi elo lifa, baya kuziyeka iimbono nokucalulana baze ekugqibeleni bayonwabele eyabo imbali.
-Ngaphaya kwezihloko malunga nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ediliziweyo okanye izicelo zokuxolelwa, ngaba ucinga ukuba imvakalelo ethile ebalulekileyo iyakhula eSpain America?
-Ndicinga njalo. Xa abantu besazi ukuba bayasetyenziswa okanye bathatyathwa kwinto eyeyabo, bayavuka. Ngokusuka kumava am ndinobungqina obuninzi nangakumbi obuvela kubantu baseLatin America abangena ngakumbi kulwazi lwembali ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Yiyo ke loo nto ndichasene nabo kukufuna ityala. ISpeyin yayinonyawo oluncinane kakhulu kwiingxaki abanazo apho. Ndikhumbula ukuba imfazwe yokuzimela geqe eSpeyin America yimfazwe yamakhaya phakathi kwabemi baseSpeyin abakwipeninsular namaCreole Spaniards. Imfazwe yamakhaya yamandla ethatha ithuba lobuthathaka beSpain kwi-metropolis. Oko kutshiwo, andithandi ukuthetha nge-metropolis, kodwa malunga neCrown enamaphondo apho oohlohlesakhe ababalaseleyo basebenzise eli thuba. Le yimeko kaBolívar, ngokomzekelo, owayengunxila, umnini-mhlaba owayefuna inzuzo yakhe yezoqoqosho. Icacile loo nto. Andilibazisi ukusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela endinayo ukuze ndibe zizityebi kwaye ndingahlawuli rhafu. Xa abantu besiva ukuba iBolívar iya kuba ngomnye waseSpain, indlela abayibona ngayo iyatshintsha.
