Iyo Danish Yakavharwa Bond Market
Sekureva kweEuropean Mortgage Federation, Danish mortgage system inopa imwe yemitengo yakaderera kune vanokwereta muEurope yese uye mutengo wakaderera wekukwereta wekutanga wekutanga kukosha kwenzvimbo nekuda kweDenmark yakasarudzika mortgage kiredhiti system. Iko kusanganiswa kwehurongwa hwakanyatsogadziriswa, kiredhiti uye njodzi manejimendi uye mari yeholesale kuburikidza neyekutamisa system inopa mamiriro emari ari pedyo neaya emisika mikuru kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwemabhondi ega akachinjirwa kune wese anokwereta. Iyo yakakwira liquidity uye kukwezva kwezvisungo nekuda kweyepamusoro nhanho yavo yekuchengetedza garandi vanokwereta yakaderera uye inokwikwidza mitengo.
Iine huwandu hunosvika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matatu emadhora, musika weDanish mortgage bond ndiyo yechipiri yakakura yakavharwa musika wemabhondi muEurope, mushure memusika weGerman Pfandbrief. Yakakura zvakapetwa kana kupfuura musika wemabhondi ehurumende yeDanish uye zvikwereti kubva kumabhanga ezvimba zvinodarika izvo zvinobva kumabhanga ezvokutengeserana. Bond investimendi vanonyanya masangano emari, mari dzepenjeni uye mutual fund.
Tenga imba muDenmark
Muna 1795, moto wakapisa muCopenhagen uye chikamu chimwe muzvina cheguta chakatsva. Mari yakawanda yaidiwa kuvakazve guta racho. Panguva iyoyo, mubereko wepamusoro wakatemerwa nemutemo pa4%, uye mari yaingopihwa sezvikwereti zvisina kuchengetedzwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupihwa kwechikwereti kwaive kushoma. Kudiwa kwekuchengetedza kwakava chinhu chakakosha kune vanokweretesa.
Muna 1849, Denmark yakawana bumbiro idzva raisanganisira zvisungo zverusununguko rwekubatana (Danish: foreningsfrihed). Mutemo wekutanga weDanish mortgage credit wapasiswa muna 1850, uye masangano matsva echikwereti chechikwereti akagadzirwa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Kusiyana neHusejernes Kreditkasse, masangano matsva aive masangano (Danish: Kreditforeninger) aive nevanokwereta, kunyangwe vaive vachiri pasi pemubatanidzwa uye nemhosva yakati wandei. Zvikwereti zvakavimbiswa nerekutanga remba. Zvikwereti zvaisakwanisa kudarika 60% yemutengo wepfuma, kukosha kwemabhondi hakwaigona kudarika kukosha kwezvikwereti, uye zvikwereti zvaifanira kubhadharwa. Zvikwereti zvine kukura kwemakore makumi matanhatu ndizvo zvaive zvakajairika.
Danish Anokwereta Call
Danish mortgage sector inopa vanokwereta zvinochinjika uye zviri pachena zvikwereti pamatemu ari padyo neaya evamiriri vemusika mukuru[kureva kunodiwa] Panguva imwe cheteyo, akavharira mabhondi embatya[1] kutamisa njodzi yemusika weanopa bhanga remba kune vanoisa mabhondi. Chekupedzisira, mitemo yakasimba yekuongorora midziyo, kutariswa kwenjodzi yechikwereti nemabhangi embangi, uye mirau yakasimba, kusanganisira iyo inodaidzwa kuti "balancer musimboti", yakachengetedzawo zvekare kare kuchengetedza zvisungo zvembavha kubva panjodzi yekusagadzika[2]. Iyo yakanyanya kukwirisa yechikamu uye otomatiki stabilizer inobatsirawo pakuchengetedza kugadzikana[3].
MuDenmark, mabhanga emortgage ndiwo ega masangano emari ane mvumo yekupa zvikwereti zvembavha pazvivakwa nekupa yakavharwa mabhondi emba (Danish: Realkreditobligationer). Hukuru hwezviitwa zvinotenderwa kubhanga remba zvinongogumira pakutangira uye kusevhisirwa kwezvikwereti zvembande, mari yavo, kuburikidza nekupihwa kwemortgage bond, uye zviitiko zvinoonekwa sekuwedzera. Muna 2007, pakanga paine mabhanga masere anoshanda emortgage pamusika weDanish mortgage, mamwe akabatana nemabhanga ekutengesa[2].
Danish mortgage rates
Kana munhu anodyara mari achitenga chisungo chakabudiswa kubva padziva, izvi zvakaenzana nekutenga chikamu chezvikwereti zvakabatanidzwa, umo mutyairi ane kodzero yekugamuchira mubereko wekubhadhara uye kubhadhara zvinoenderana nemari inoiswa.
Chii chinosiyanisa Danish mortgage system ndiyo musimboti wekuenzanisa. Iyi musimboti inovimbisa kuenzanisa kunenge kwakaringana pakati pemubereko uye madzosero akabhadharwa uye anogamuchirwa nevanokwereta uye vanoisa mari, zvichiteerana.
Mufananidzo 1.1 unoratidza mafambiro emari anoitika pakati pemukwereti, bhanga rechikwereti, uye muiti wemari. Kana chikwereti chapihwa kune anokwereta, bhanga remondgage rinoburitsa bond pamusika wekutanga zvinoenderana. Muridzi anozotenga mabhondi uye nzira yekutengeserana inoenda kumukwereta, ichivapa mari yekutenga imba iyo chikwereti chakavakirwa.
Anokwereta achabhadhara mubereko, amortization uye makomisheni anonzi "bidragssats" kubhengi rechikwereti, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti mubereko uye amortization iendeswe kune investor uye nokudaro inochengeta makomisheni kuvhara mari yayo yekuburitsa mabhondi uye njodzi. adherent ane hukama nekupihwa kwavo, sezvo bhanga rinopa remba rinotora njodzi yekutarisana neanokwereta.
