Lamulo la Mayanjano

Kuyanjana ndi chiyani?

Msonkhano umatchedwa gulu la anthu kapena mabungwe omwe ali ndi cholinga chofanana. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama mayanjano yomwe imadalira cholinga cholowa nawo. Komabe, mu Malo azamalamulo, mabungwewa amadziwika kuti ndi magulu a anthu ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa zochitika wamba, momwe mwa njira ya demokalase mamembala awo amaphatikizidwa, alibe phindu ndipo sadziyimira pawokha kapena gulu lililonse lazandale, kampani kapena bungwe .

Gulu la anthu likapangidwa kuti lizichita zinthu zina zopanda phindu, koma zomwe zili ndi zovomerezeka, zimanenedwa kuti ndi "Mgwirizano Wopanda Ndalama", kudzera momwe ufulu ungapezedwere, chifukwa chake, maudindo, kudzera mgulu lamtunduwu kusiyanitsa kumakhazikitsidwa pakati pazachuma cha bungweli ndi anthu omwe amagwirizana nawo. Zina mwazikhalidwe zamayanjano amtunduwu ndi:

  • Kutheka kwa demokalase mokwanira.
  • Kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera kumabungwe ena.

Kodi ndi malamulo ati omwe amayendetsa malamulo a mabungwe?

Ponena za Lamuloli la Constitution of Associations, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti anthu onse ali ndi ufulu wolumikizana momasuka kuti akwaniritse zolinga zovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, m'malamulo amabungwe ndikukhazikitsa mabungwe ndi kagwiridwe kazomwezi, zikuyenera kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi Constitution, m'malamulo amilandu ndi zina zonse zomwe zamalamulo zimaganizira.

Kodi ndizofunikira ziti zomwe mabungwe ayenera kukhala nazo?

M'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, pamakhala zikhalidwe zingapo zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi bungweli, malinga ndi kusintha kwa lamulo lachilengedwe lomwe limayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufulu woyanjana. Ndipo kuwonjezera apo, lamuloli limakhala ndi zina zowonjezera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina malamulowo satsatiridwa m'malamulo ena koma ngati malamulo azachilengedwe azilamulidwa ndi zomwe zaperekedwa. Poganizira zomwe lamulo lachilengedwe limapereka, mabungwewo akuyenera kuwonetsa zina mwazomwe zili pansipa:

  1. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwe akuyenera kuphatikiza mabungwe azovomerezeka ayenera kukhala anthu osachepera atatu (3).
  2. Ayeneranso kukumbukira zolinga ndi / kapena ntchito zomwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa mgululi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zofananira.
  3. Kugwira ntchito mgwirizanowu kuyenera kukhala kwathunthu.
  4. Payenera kukhala kusakhala ndi zolinga zopindulitsa.

Mu mfundo 4) ya m'ndime yapitayi, kusapezeka kwa zolinga zopindulitsa kumakambidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maubwino kapena zochulukirapo zachuma zomwe sizingagawidwe pakati pa anzawo, koma mfundo zotsatirazi ndizololedwa:

  • Mutha kukhala ndi zochuluka zachuma kumapeto kwa chaka, zomwe ndizofunikanso chifukwa chokhazikika cha bungweli sichimasokonekera.
  • Khalani ndi mapangano antchito mkati mwa bungweli, omwe atha kukhala opangidwa ndi anzawo ndi mamembala a board of director, pokhapokha malamulowo atapereka zina.
  • Zochitika zachuma zitha kuchitika zomwe zimabweretsa zochulukirapo pachuma. Zotsalazi ziyenera kubwerezedwanso kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zomwe bungweli lakhazikitsa.
  • Omwe akuyenera kukhala nawo ali ndi kuthekera kogwira ntchito molingana ndi bungweli ndipo alibe malire okhalapo mokhudzana ndi bungweli, mokhudzana ndi chigamulo chalamulo kapena lamulo lina, mwachitsanzo, monga zimachitikira asirikali ndi oweruza. M'modzi mwa omwe ali mgululi ndi wachichepere (popeza amaloledwa), izi zimaperekedwa ndi makolo awo kapena oimira milandu, popeza kukhala wamng'ono alibe mphamvu zovomerezeka.

Kodi ziwalo zofunikira kwambiri za Association ndi ziti?

Matupi omwe amapanga malamulo abungwe ndi awiri makamaka:

  1. Mabungwe aboma: wotchedwa "Assemblies of Members".
  2. Mabungwe oimira: Nthawi zambiri, amasankhidwa pakati pa mamembala a bungwe lomwelo (bungwe lolamulira) ndipo, amatchedwa "Board of Directors", ngakhale atha kudziwika ndi mayina ena monga: komiti yayikulu, komiti yaboma, timu yaboma, komiti yoyang'anira , etc.

Ngakhale kuti mkati mwa bungwe ufulu wothandizana umakhazikitsidwa, umatha kukhazikitsa mabungwe ena amkati momwe ntchito zina zitha kuwonjezeredwa, monga makomiti ogwira ntchito, owongolera ndi / kapena mabungwe owerengera, kuti agwire bwino ntchito Asociation.

Ndi mikhalidwe iti yayikulu yomwe General Assembly ya Association iyenera kukwaniritsa?

Msonkhano waukulu umapangidwa ngati bungwe lomwe ufulu woyanjana umakhazikitsidwa ndipo wopangidwa ndi onse omwe ali mgwirizanowu ndi, zofunikira zake ndi izi:

  • Ayenera kukumana kamodzi pachaka, pafupipafupi, kuti avomereze maakaunti omwe akutha ndikuphunzira bajeti yoyambira chaka.
  • Kuyimbidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa modabwitsa pakufunika kusintha kwamalamulo ndi chilichonse chomwe chaperekedwa mwa iwo.
  • Omwe akuyanjanawo akhazikitsa malamulo ndi njira yokhazikitsira zisankho pamalamulo amsonkhanowu ndi chiwerengero chofunikira. Ngati nkhani yosayendetsedwa ndi malamulo ikuchitika, Associations Law imakhazikitsa izi:
  • Kuti chiwerengero chiyenera kukhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a omwe akuyanjana nawo.
  • Mapangano omwe akhazikitsidwa pamisonkhano adzaperekedwa ndi anthu ambiri oyenerera omwe alipo kapena oyimiridwa, pankhaniyi mavoti omwe akuyenera kukhala ovomerezeka ayenera kukhala ochuluka poyerekeza ndi omwe sanayankhe bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mavoti ovomerezeka ayenera kupitilizidwa ndi theka, mapangano omwe akuyembekezeredwa adzakhala mapangano okhudzana ndi kutha kwa bungweli, kusinthidwa kwa Malamulo, kapangidwe kake kapena kugawidwa kwa chuma ndi mphotho za mamembala a bungwe loyimira.

Malinga ndi Lamulo lokhazikitsidwa, kodi ntchito ya Board of Directors mu Association ndi yotani?

A Board of Directors ndi bungwe loyimilira lomwe likuyang'anira momwe zinthu zikuyendera pamisonkhano yampingo, chifukwa chake, mphamvu zake zipitilira, kuchitira zonse zomwe zingathandize kubungwe, bola atero osafunikira, malinga ndi Malamulo, chilolezo chofotokozedwa ku General Assembly.

Chifukwa chake, kayendetsedwe ka bungwe loyimilira kudalira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu Malamulowo, bola ngati sizikutsutsana ndi Lamulo lokhazikitsidwa molingana ndi Article 11 ya Organic Law 1/2002, ya Marichi 22, Kuwongolera Ufulu Wosonkhana, womwe zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

[…] 4. Padzakhala bungwe loyimira lomwe lidzayang'anira ndi kuyimira zofuna za bungweli, malinga ndi zomwe General Assembly ikupereka. Othandizira okha ndi omwe atha kukhala gawo la bungwe loyimira.

Kukhala membala wamabungwe oyimira bungwe, popanda kukondera zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu Malamulo awo, zofunikira zidzakhala: kukhala azaka zalamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wachibadwidwe osachita nawo zifukwa zosagwirizana zomwe zakhazikitsidwa m'malamulo apano.

Kodi Mgwirizano ndi chiyani?

Ponena za kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka bungwe, izi ziyenera kukhala za demokalase kwathunthu, zomwe zimamasulira, makamaka pamsonkhanowu, ndi zikhalidwe zingapo kumabungwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amatsimikizika kutengera kukula kwa msonkhano. , mtundu wa anthu omwe amapanga, kutengera cholinga cha bungweli komanso m'njira zambiri, kusintha zosowa zomwe bungwe limafunikira.

Mbali inayi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti onse omwe ali othandizana nawo ndi ofanana mgulu, pachifukwa ichi, mgwirizanowu pakhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, aliyense ali ndi ntchito ndi ufulu. Poterepa, mamembala olemekezeka atha kukhala ndi mawu koma osavota pamisonkhanoyi.

Kodi malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Assemblies ndi ati?

Mgwirizano umayang'aniridwa ndi angapo Malamulo Enieni. Ena mwa malamulowa ndi akale komanso achidule.

Mwa malamulo awa pali Organic Law 1/2002, wa Meyi 22, Kuwongolera Ufulu Wosonkhana, pamaziko owonjezera. Pomwe zikawululidwa, zovuta zomwe sizingayendetsedwe pamalamulo amkati ndipo, ngati zili choncho, zidzagwiranso ntchito pazomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu malamulo azachilengedwe.

Nthawi zambiri, monga omwe amatanthauza akatswiri kapena mabungwe azamalonda, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti Specific Law ndi Organic Law ziyenera kuthandizidwa.

Mbali inayi, palinso malamulo omwe amakhala achilengedwe, awa amagwiranso ntchito kumaofesi omwe gawo lawo lachitetezo limangokhala pagulu limodzi lodziyimira pawokha. Gulu Lodziyimira palokha, limatanthawuza dera lomwe lakhazikitsa lamulo lotere, zomwe sizinachitike mdera lina lonse.

Pazifukwa izi, malamulo okhazikika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumabungwe omwe siopanga phindu atha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu omwe afotokozedwa pansipa: 

  1. MALANGIZO A BOMA.

  • Organic Law 1/2002, ya Marichi 22, yoyang'anira Ufulu Wosonkhana.
  • Royal Decree 1740/2003, ya Disembala 19, pamachitidwe okhudzana ndi mabungwe azamagulu aboma.
  • Royal Decree 949/2015, ya Okutobala 23, yomwe imavomereza Malamulo a National Registry of Associations.

  1. MALANGIZO OGULITSIRA

Andalusia:

  • Lamulo 4/2006, la Juni 23, pa Associations of Andalusia (BOJA no. 126, la Julayi 3; BOE ayi. 185, la Ogasiti 4).

Zilumba za Canary:

  • Lamulo 4/2003, la February 28, ku Canary Islands Associations (BOE nambala 78, ya Epulo 1).

Catalonia:

  • Lamulo 4/2008, la Epulo 24, la buku lachitatu la Civil Code of Catalonia, lokhudza anthu ovomerezeka (BOE no. 131 ya Meyi 30).

Gulu la Valencian:

  • Law 14/2008, Novembala 18, pa Associations of the Valencian Community (DOCV No. 5900, ya Novembala 25; BOE No. 294, ya Disembala 6).

Dziko la Basque:

  • Lamulo 7/2007, la Juni 22, pa Associations of the Basque Country (BOPV No. 134 ZK, wa Julayi 12; BOE Na. 250, ya Okutobala 17, 2011).
  • Lamulo la 146/2008, la Julayi 29, lovomereza Malamulo Mabungwe Ogwira Ntchito Pagulu ndi Protectorate yawo (BOPV No. 162 ZK, ya Ogasiti 27).

  1. MALAMULO APADERA.

Mabungwe Achinyamata:

  • Royal Decree 397/1988, ya Epulo 22, yomwe imayang'anira kulembetsa Mabungwe Achinyamata

Mabungwe Ophunzira:

  • Article 7 ya Organic Law 8/1985 yokhudza ufulu wamaphunziro
  • Royal Decree 1532/1986 yomwe imayang'anira Mabungwe Ophunzira.

Mabungwe ophunzira ku University:

  • Article 46.2.g ya Organic Law 6/2001, ya Disembala 21, ku mayunivesite.
  • Pazomwe sizikupezeka m'malamulo am'mbuyomu, tiyenera kunena za Lamulo la 2248/1968, pa Mabungwe Ophunzira ndi Order ya Novembala 9, 1968, pamalamulo olembetsa Mabungwe Ophunzira.

Mabungwe azamasewera:

  • Law 10/1990, ya Okutobala 15, pa Masewera.

Mayanjano a abambo ndi amayi:

  • Article 5 ya Organic Law 8/1985, ya Julayi 3, yowongolera ufulu wamaphunziro.
  • Royal Decree 1533/1986, ya Julayi 11, yomwe imayang'anira mayanjano a makolo a ophunzira.

Mabungwe ogula ndi ogwiritsa ntchito:

  • Lamulo Lachifumu Lachifumu 1/2007, la Novembala 16, lovomereza kukonzanso kwa General Law for Defense of Consumers and Users ndi malamulo ena othandizira.

Mabizinesi amabizinesi ndi akatswiri:

  • Lamulo 19/1977, la Epulo 1, lokhazikitsa bungwe la Right to Trade Union Association.
  • Royal Decree 873/1977, ya Epulo 22, posungitsa malamulo amabungwe omwe akhazikitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi Law 19/1977, owongolera ufulu wamgwirizano wamabungwe.

Malamulo Ogwirizana:

  • Lamulo 13/1999, la Epulo 29, pa Mgwirizano Wachitukuko cha Community of Madrid
  • Lamulo 45/2015, la Okutobala 14, pa Kudzipereka (statewide)
  • Lamulo 23/1998, la Julayi 7, pa International Development Cooperation
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