Inā he mea i manaʻo ka physicists ua ʻike lākou e pili ana i ka mea pōʻeleʻele, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi ʻano o ka radiation electromagnetic, ʻaʻole hiki i kāna mau ʻāpana ke launa pū me nā mea maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hōkū, nā hōkū a me nā galaxies, koe wale nō ma o ka umekaumaha.
Akā ʻo kahi noiʻi hou i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema ma ke Higher International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), ma Italia, ua loaʻa, no ka manawa mua, nā hōʻike o kahi pilina pololei ma waena o nā ʻano mea ʻelua.
Ma kahi ʻatikala hou i paʻi ʻia ma 'Astronomy & Astrophysics', ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi aia ma ke kikowaena o nā galaxies he wahi ʻepekema nui i hana ʻia me nā mea ʻeleʻele i loko.
ka mea e pili ana keia mau mea liilii me na mea ma'amau. ʻO kekahi mea i kū pololei me nā manaʻo mana.
Ma ke aʻo ʻana, alakaʻi ʻia e Gauri Sharma a me Paolo Salucci o SISSA a me Glen Van der Vev o ke Kulanui o Vienna, ua nānā nā mea noiʻi i kahi helu nui o nā galaxies, mai ka poʻe kokoke loa i kā mākou ponoʻī ma mua o 7.000 billion mau makahiki. kukui mamao.
Wahi a nā mea kākau, ʻo kēia noiʻi hou e hōʻike ana i kahi pae nui i mua o ko mākou ʻike ʻana i ka mea pōʻeleʻele, ka mea paʻakikī a nā physicists i ʻimi ʻole ʻia no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. No ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i ka radiation, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike pololei ʻia ka mea ʻeleʻele me nā telescopes. Akā ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema aia ma laila ma muli o ka hopena gravity i loaʻa i ka mea maʻamau, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike. ʻEhā mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i nā hōkū a me nā galaxies, ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea ʻeleʻele ʻo ia ka 'iwi' o ka Universe. Inā ʻaʻole ia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ola nā galaxies a me nā hale nui a mākou e ʻike ai.
"ʻO kona noho nui ʻana ma nā galaxies āpau - wehewehe ʻo Gauri Sharma - e ala mai ka neʻe ʻana o nā hōkū a me ke kinoea hydrogen me he mea lā ua hoʻomalu ʻia lākou e kahi mea ʻike ʻole ʻia". A hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻāʻo e nānā i kēlā 'element' i kālele i nā galaxies kokoke.
E hoʻohālikelike i nā galaxia kahiko
"Akā naʻe, hoʻomau ka mea noiʻi, ma kēia noiʻi mākou e hoʻāʻo, no ka manawa mua, e nānā a hoʻoholo i ka mahele nui o nā galaxies spiral me ka morphology like me nā mea kokoke loa, akā ʻoi aku ka mamao, a hiki i kahi mamao o 7.000 miliona. o na makahiki malamalama
Ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo Paolo Salucci, "ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hōkū ma kahi o 300 mau galaxies mamao loa, ua ʻike mākou he halo mea ko kēia mau mea a, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke kikowaena o kahi galaxy, he pouli maoli kēia halo. wahi i mau ai kona mānoanoa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona, ma ke ala, ua ʻike mua ʻo ia i nā haʻawina sober o nā galaxies kokoke, ʻo kekahi o ia mau hana a SISSA.
Ke piʻi nui aʻe
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi hou he mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia kēia ʻāpana waena i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 'standard model of cosmology'. No Sharma, "ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā waiwai o nā galaxies kokoke a me kahi mamao, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma waena o nā galaxies o kēia manawa a me ko lākou
ʻO nā kūpuna o ʻehiku mau makahiki i hala aku nei, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ko mākou ʻāina hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia me ka nui mau o ka mea pōʻeleʻele, akā ke piʻi aʻe nei kona mau ʻāpana i ka manawa, me he mea lā ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia mau ʻāina i kahi kaʻina o ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka dilution. He mea paʻakikī loa e wehewehe inā, e like me ka wānana e ka manaʻo o kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana o ka mea ʻeleʻele me nā mea maʻamau.
"Ma kā mākou noiʻi - hoʻohui ʻo Sharma - hāʻawi mākou i nā hōʻike o ka pilina ma waena o ka mea pōʻeleʻele a me ka mea maʻamau, i ka wā lōʻihi, kūkulu mālie i kahi ʻāpana o ka paʻa mau mai ke kikowaena o ka galaxy i waho." Akā he nui aku.
"Kamahaʻo," wehewehe ʻo Salucci, "e hoʻonui ʻia kēia wahi me ka paʻa mau me ka manawa. He hana lohi loa ia, akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO ka wehewehe maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka wā mua, i ka wā e puka mai ai ka galaxy, ʻo ka māhele ʻana o nā mea ʻeleʻele i loko o ka halo spherical e kūlike me ka wānana a ke kumumanaʻo, me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i waenakonu. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi disk galactic e hōʻike ana i nā galaxies spiral, i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi halo o nā mea ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele loa. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻo ka hopena o ka launa pū ʻana a mākou e manaʻo nei, ua hopu ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana e nā hōkū, a i ʻole e kipaku ʻia i waho o ka galaxy, e like me ka manawa a hiki i ka galactic stellar disk, e like me kā mākou e wehewehe nei ma ka ʻatikala ".
"ʻO nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana - hoʻopau ʻo Sharma- e hoʻāla i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi no nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e wehewehe ana i nā mea ʻeleʻele mea ʻeleʻele (ma waho o Lambda-CDM, ka manaʻo nui), e like me ka Hot Dark Matter, Interactive Dark Matter a me Ultralight Dark Matter".
Wahi a ka poʻe noiʻi, ʻo nā waiwai o nā galaxies mamao loa i ka lewa a me ka manawa "hāʻawi i nā cosmologists i kahi ʻīpuka pono e lohe hope i nā mea pohihihi o ka mea ʻeleʻele."
