KOKOA
Me 5.000 exoplanets i ʻike ʻia, a me kahi helu e hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, ke komo nei ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi 'honua hou' i kahi pae hou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lawa ka helu ʻana i nā tausani o nā honua hou. I kēia manawa he mea ia o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka mea hoʻohiki loa, ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou lewa a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ke ola i loko o lākou. ʻO kekahi mea hiki ʻole a hiki i kēia manawa, akā ʻo nā telescopes hou, e like me James Webb, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lā Kalikimaka i ka makahiki i hala, a i ʻole ka ELT (Extremely Large Telescope), i kēia manawa ke kūkulu ʻia nei, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Akā he aha kāu e ʻimi nei? A i ʻole he ʻano ʻē aʻe, pehea ke ʻano o ka 'Earth' e hoʻopuni ana i kahi hōkū e like me ka Lā? No ka ʻike ʻana, ua manaʻo kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi mai ka Federal Polytechnic School of Zurich, i ʻike wale ʻia ʻo ETH Zurich, e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka haku mele ʻana o ka honua hypothetical i loko o ka wahi noho o nā hōkū ʻelua e like me ka Lā kokoke loa. iā mākou: Alpha Centauri A a me Alpha Centauri B.
A i ʻole he ʻano ʻē aʻe, pehea ke ʻano o ka honua e like me ka Honua ma ia ʻōnaehana hōkū? Ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena o kēia hana ma 'The Astrophysical Journal'.
Ma 4,36 mau makahiki māmā, ʻo Alpha Centauri ka ʻōnaehana hōkū kokoke loa i ka Honua. He ʻekolu mau hōkū, ʻo Alpha Centauri A (a i ʻole Rigil Kentaurus), ʻo Alpha Centauri B (a i ʻole Tolimán) a me Alpha Centauri C (a i ʻole Próxima Centauri, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea kokoke loa i ka Lā). ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike i hana ʻia e nā mea noiʻi e pili ana i nā haku mele i ana ʻia e ka spectroscopy i nā mea mua ʻelua (ʻo ke kolu he dwarf ʻulaʻula, ʻokoʻa loa mai ka Lā), a ma muli o ko lākou kokoke ʻana, loaʻa ka nui. ʻike.
Mai kēia mau ʻikepili, ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ʻo ETH Zurich ke hoʻolālā i ka haku mele ʻana o kahi kino honua hypothetical e hoʻopuni ana i kekahi o nā hōkū ʻelua. A no laila ua hōʻea lākou i nā wānana kikoʻī loa e pili ana i nā waiwai o kā lākou kumu hoʻohālike i kapa ʻia ʻo 'α-Cen-Earth' (Earth of Alpha Centauri), me kona ʻano i loko, mineralogy, a me ka haku mele.
ʻO kēia ka 'honua hou'
Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ka astrophysicist Haiyang Wang, ua hoʻokō ka hui o nā mea noiʻi e kaha kiʻi i kahi kiʻi hoʻokipa o kahi exoplanet hiki ke ma Alpha Centauri A a i ʻole B. Wahi a ka ʻatikala, inā loaʻa maoli ia, ʻo ia paha ka α-Cen-Earth. Loaʻa i kahi geochemical like loa me ko kākou Honua, me ka ʻaʻahu silicate-dominated, akā hoʻonui ʻia me nā mea kalapona e like me ka graphite a me ke daimana. Pono e like ka nui o ka waiho ʻana o ka wai i loko o kona loko pōhaku me ko ka honua honua.
Akā ʻaʻole like nā mea a pau. Wahi a ke aʻo ʻana, ʻokoʻa ka α-Cen-Earth mai ka Honua ma nā ʻano he nui, me ke kumu hao nui iki, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana honua, a me ka nele o ka plate tectonics. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pīhoihoi nui, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka lewa mua o ka honua e ke kalapona dioxide, methane, a me ka wai, e like me ka Honua i ka Archean Eon, ma waena o 4.000 a 2.500 biliona makahiki i hala, i ka wā i puka mai ai ka honua. ko kakou honua.
Nā wānana e pili ana i ka lewa
Ke kū nei hoʻi ke aʻo ʻana no ka mea hiki i ke kŘkohu ke hoʻokomo i nā wānana e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o nā mea hoʻololi. ʻO kekahi mea paʻakikī loa, ʻo ia ka mea, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ka haku mele ʻana o nā hōkū pōhaku a i ʻole 'terrestrial' e like me ko lākou mau hōkū hoʻokipa, kūpono wale ia no nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 'refractory elements', ʻo ia hoʻi, nā pōhaku a me metala . Akā, ua haki ʻia ka leka e nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, ʻo ia nā mea e mahuka maʻalahi, e like me ka hydrogen, carbon a me ka nitrogen, ʻo ia nā kī e ʻike ai inā hiki ke noho ʻia kahi honua.
He paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi 'kaikunāne nui' i ka Honua hou (ʻo ka ʻōnaehana Alpha Centauri A/B ma waena o 1.500 a me 2.000 biliona makahiki ʻoi aku ma mua o ka Lā). A ma waena o 2022 a me 2035, ʻo Alpha Centauri A a me Alpha Centauri B e kaʻawale loa mai kekahi i kekahi e hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā honua a puni kēlā me kēia o nā hōkū ʻelua me ka ʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka ʻōlinolino o ka hōkū kokoke. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hanauna hou o nā telescopes, manaʻolana ka poʻe noiʻi e hui pū kekahi a ʻoi aku paha exoplanets a puni ʻo Alpha Centauri A/B i kahi kokoke i 5.000 exoplanets i ʻike ʻia mai ka makahiki 1995, i ka wā a nā astrophysicists ma ke Kulanui o Geneva Michel Mayor. a ʻo Didier Queloz (ʻo ia ka mea i komo i ke kumu kula ʻo ETH Zurich ma mua) i hoʻolaha i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka honua mua ma waho o kā mākou Pūnaehana Lā a puni kahi hōkū e like me ka Lā.
No laila, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka hana a Wang a me kāna mau hoa hana i mea e loaʻa ai i nā hoʻāʻo hou e ʻimi i nā planeta i ka ʻōnaehana Alpha Centauri kahi kumu paʻa e hilinaʻi ai a me kahi ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia o nā honua a lākou e ʻimi nei. .
