UChristian Frazen wawa eMadrid ngo-1923, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, kodwa izihlobo zamamodeli akhe angaziwa kangako ziyaqhubeka nokuvela. "Ngangihlonza okhokho bomngane wami wakudala," kusho u-Alberto de Prada, umqondisi we-RTVE Archive, oveza ukuthi uthole izithombe zabantu abadumile, njengo-Mata Hari, okunezithombe ezintathu zabo, uMarie. UCurie kanye ne-Ortega y Gasset kuphela eminyakeni yakhe yamashumi amabili, cishe engabonakali. Umphakathi futhi ungasiza ekuhlonzeni abalingiswa abangaziwa bengobo yomlando yezithombe ezingu-37.000 ekugcineni zivulekele wonke umuntu ngenxa yemizamo yokubhala yesiteshi somphakathi.
Umdwebi waseDenmark kanye nodiplomat uChristian Franzen y Nissen (Fjolde, Denmark 1864-Madrid 1923) wayengumfanekiso.
kubalulekile eSpain phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Yena ngokwakhe waqamba igama lakhe lesidlaliso 'umthwebuli wezithombe zamakhosi nenkosi yabathwebuli'. Futhi "wayengumthwebuli wezithombe we-Movida Madrid yekhulu le-XNUMX", njengoba uPrada emchaza. Enhloko-dolobha yaseSpain wathwebula ubusuku ezitolo zokudlela, ezindaweni zokuphumula nasezishashalazini, lapho ayengenakuqhathaniswa ngenxa yobuchule bakhe bobuchule kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha kwe-magnesium flash. Emini, wayengumthwebuli wezithombe owayefiswa kakhulu umphakathi ophakeme.
Impumelelo yakhe ezweni lethu ikufanele ukufundelwa. UFranzen wazuza ukwethenjwa nguRegent María Cristina nendodana yakhe, iNkosi u-Alfonso XIII, futhi wathola isihloko somphakeli osemthethweni weRoyal House. Wayengumngane kanye nomhlanganyeli ka-Joaquín Sorolla, owayevame ukusebenzisa izithombe zakhe ukuze abonise abalingiswa abafana neNkosi, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuma amahora amaningi. Igalari ebabazekayo yezinhlamvu ebibukiswa ngaphambi kwelensi yekhamera yakhe: U-Concha Espina no-Emilia Pardo Bazán bamthumelele, njengoba kwenza u-Práxedes Mateo Sagasta.
Uma kwenzeka engakwazi ukufinyelela ezenzakalweni ezivelele nezindawo zangaleso sikhathi, wasebenzela i-ABC kanye noBlanco y Negro, lapho kwavela khona isici sakhe esihle njengentatheli futhi wabonisa izigaba ezintathu: 'Physiognomic Studies', 'Madrid at Night. ' kanye 'nezithombe eziseduze'. Uphinde wabambisana kumamagazini afana ne-'La Ilustracion Española y Americana' kanye ne-'La Esfera y Nuevo Mundo'. Izithombe zakhe eziningi zemikhosi emikhulu azifanga encwadini ethi 'Los salons de Madrid', enombhalo kaMonte-Cristo, igama elingelona iqiniso lika-Eugenio Rodríguez y Ruiz de la Escalera, "enesandulela sika-Countess of Pardo Bazan”.
Uhambo lukaFranzen lwengobo yomlando lwezithombe lwaqala ngalesi sikhangiso esishicilelwe ku-ABC
Ngo-1898, uFranzen wathuthela ku-studio yakhe edumile enombolweni ye-11 Calle del Príncipe (kamuva inombolo yashintsha yaba inombolo ye-9), eyaba ngesinye sezikhungo zemizwa yaseMadrid. Ukhokhele ama-peseta angu-15 ngelayisense yegalari, eyayingaphezu kokukhokhwa kwemali. Osopolitiki nezicukuthwane bangaleso sikhathi baqasha izinkonzo zabo. Kwafika wonke umuntu owayengakwazi ukukukhokhela, abanye ababengakwazi. Noma ubani owayebalulekile noma owayezenza wayezodinga isithombe esivela kumthwebuli wezithombe zemfashini.
Ngokushicilelwa ku-inthanethi kwekhathalogi ye-Franzen, umqondisi we-RTVE Archive ubheka enye yezinjongo zakhe ezinkulu njengefeziwe, ngaphambi nje kokuba yena ngokwakhe ajabule. Uthi: “Ingxenye elandelayo izobe iwudalula. “Angazi noma ngisazokubona lokho, kodwa kunikeza imibukiso eminingi. Kukhona inkathi yonke eveziwe. Ezigqokweni zomshado, isibonelo, kuneminyaka engu-60 noma engu-70, noma amasudi esidlo, izingubo zezempi ... Izithombe ze-Alfonso XIII ezinemifaniswano ehlukene kukhona i-porrón. Umndeni wonke ukhona, uRegent María Cristina, iNdlovukazi uVictoria Eugenia, izingane kusukela zisencane kanye nenkantolo yonke”.
Iqoqo lokuhamba
UMarie Curie, kwesinye isithombe usindisiwe ezinqolobaneni zikaChristian Frenzen - RTVE
Ingobo yomlando kaFranzen yafika ezandleni ze-RTVE ngo-1971, ngenxa yesikhangiso esincane esishicilelwe ku-ABC. Iqoqo livela eZaragoza, empeleni. Othile ovela emphakathini waya lapho ukuze amamukele futhi wanakekela ukudluliselwa emuva eMadrid. "Njengoba isitudiyo savalwa maphakathi nawo-50 kwaze kwaba ngawo-70, asazi ukuthi kwenzekani endaweni yokulondoloza umlando," kusho u-Alberto de Prada. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izindlalifa zithengise konke: izithombe, izinto ezimbi, ifenisha, amakhethini ... Kusukela ezithombeni, isitudiyo sikaFranzen sikhumbuza iSorolla eMadrid noma iFortuny eVenice.
Zonke izinto ezifika ku-TVE emabhokisini amakhadibhodi, amapuleti afihliwe avundlile, ngezinye izikhathi aze afike ku-30 esitsheni esifanayo, "esimeni esibuhlungu." Abaningi baphukile, ngenxa yesisindo. Abaningi sebeluleme, kodwa kwabanye basasebenzisana nongoti ukuze babone ukuthi bangasindiswa yini. Isithombe ngasinye sivame ukuphelezelwa inothi elibhalwe ngesandla, inombolo, idethi, nokunye okuncane. Konke kufakwe kudijithali ngedatha etholakalayo kanye nethemba lokuthi umphakathi uzosiza ukwazi okwengeziwe. Ukuze nje siphumelele kulezi zimo, ukuntuleka kwezimali kanye nezinsiza zabantu kube yisithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke. “Yonke into ifakwe kwidijithali iminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa, kodwa ukuyifaka kuwebhu kusibize kakhulu. Konke lokhu kwengeza emsebenzini wansuku zonke. Ukushintshwa kwamabhokisi kwenziwe ngumuntu oyedwa, isibonelo”.
UMarie Curie - UChristian Frozen / RTVE
Uma ingekho emandleni e-RTVE futhi, bonke labo ababenesibopho babezwela ngokulinganayo ekubalulekeni kwezinto ezitholiwe. Ekuqaleni, iqoqo lalitholakala kungobo yomlando ye-RTVE e-Somosaguas. Ngemva kweminyaka bathuthela edepho yama-cinema e-Arganda del Rey, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s basuswa nakanjani (okwamanje) baya ePrado del Rey. Lapho lapho, kwenziwa ikhathalogu yokuqala eyingxenye yemibhalo yoqobo engaba ngu-10.000, kanye nokwenza kwabo amadijithi okwalandela.
Maphakathi neshumi leminyaka lokuqala lama-2000s, amabhokisi ekhadibhodi angempela athathelwa indawo izinto zesimanjemanje nezihluzekile ezine-PH engathathi hlangothi kanye nesitoreji esiqondile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukongiwa kwawo futhi kugwenywe ukuphuka okusha. Lolu shintsho luvumele ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwesimo sezinto zokuqala, emva kwalokho zabhalwa ngokuphelele ngo-2015 kanye ne-digitization yesinqumo esiphezulu esisha, lesi sikhathi sazo zonke izinto zokuqala, kokubili okungalungile, iningi lazo lenziwe ngengilazi , njengamakhophi ephepha.
NgoDisemba 27, i-RTVE yethula buthule iwebhusayithi enikezelwe emsebenzini womthwebuli wezithombe u-Christian Franzen: rtve.es/christian-franzen. "Kunezinto eziningi okufanele zenziwe futhi zithuthukiswe," kuvuma u-de Prada, "kodwa bengifuna ukukushiya lokhu kushicilelwe futhi kufinyeleleke." Ngakho, injini yokusesha ngezinombolo isalahlekile, okuthi uma konke kuhamba kahle kuzoba "ezinyangeni ezimbalwa".
Ukubaluleka kokubuyisela okwedlule
UFranzen wayeyingcweti yangempela yelensi yezithombe, enza ngayo izingoma ezinhle kakhulu, ezigcwele impilo nokugqwayiza. Izinhlamvu ezivela emhlabeni omkhulu ayengomunye wabadlali ababekwe ngaphambi kwekhamera yakhe. Ku-Black and White, i-ABC nezinye izincwadi zangaleso sikhathi, waveza izigcawu ezingathwetshulwanga ngaphambili, ngenxa yokunyatheliswa okukhanyayo kwe-magnesium, ayeyingcweti yakho. Ungene ngokunyenya ezindaweni zokuphumula, imibuthano, amathofi, eMadrid ebusuku.
Isisebenzi esingakhathali, abahlanganyeli abayishumi nambili basebenza estudiyo sakhe eCalle Príncipe. Mude, blond, uhlobo oluphelele lwe-Nordic, futhi wayeyinxusa laseDenmark eMadrid. Ubungane bakhe noSorolla, ahlangana nabo ngo-1889, bamholela ekuhlanganyeleni emisebenzini ethile ehlangene. Izithombe zabo ezifanayo ziwukuhlonipha ukubunjwa, ukukhanya, ukuthwebula ubuhle, ukuhlangana kwezindlela ezimbili zobuciko, ukudweba nokuthwebula izithombe.
Iqoqo lezithombe ze-Franzen linenani elikhulu lamasiko, umlando kanye nezomnotho. Kodwa iSpain ineNational Photography Center. Azikho izinsiza ezanele ezabiwe, kushoda ochwepheshe futhi asikho isikhathi esiningi esisele sokulondoloza ifa lethu lezithombe, ngoba izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyawohloka, izimali ziyahlakazeka noma zigcine zilahlwe kudoti. Ngalesi sizathu, sincike kochwepheshe abambalwa abaphethe izingobo zomlando zezithombe e-Spain.
Ngenhlanhla, kukhona abahle kakhulu, njengalabo abasebenza ku-RTVE Documentary Fund enhle kakhulu, eholwa ngu-Alberto de Prada. Sibonga bona nokuqina kwabo, ama-negatives angama-37.000 engilazi ehluzekile agciniwe, afakwa kudijithali, umsebenzi wenziwe ekongiweni kwawo futhi afakwa kukhathalogi. Kufanele sibabonge ngalo msebenzi. Mningi nokho umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe, hhayi kulesi sikhwama kuphela. Imizamo yakhe efana naleyo eyenziwa ngomsebenzi kaFranzen las qu'allowen isindisa lokho okusele kwenkumbulo yezithombe zaseSpain, ehlaselwe kangaka. Kodwa kuningi kakhulu okonga, izinsiza ezimbalwa, nesikhathi esincane kakhulu!
Federico Ayala Sorenssen, inhloko ye-ABC Archive
