Intsingiselo yowona mlinganiselo uphezulu wemali-mboleko
Umgangatho wenzala lizinga ekuvunyelwene ngalo kuluhlu olusezantsi lweerhafu ezinxulumene nemveliso yemali-mboleko edadayo. Imigangatho yenzala isetyenziswa kwiikontrakthi eziphuma kwi-derivative kunye nezivumelwano zemali-mboleko. Oku kuchasene nesilingi yenzala (okanye ikepusi).
Imigangatho yenzala yemali-mboleko isoloko isetyenziswa kwimarike yemali-mboleko ehlengahlengiswayo (ii-ARM). Rhoqo, obu buncinane buyilelwe ukuhlawula iindleko ezinxulumene nokusetyenzwa kwemali mboleko kunye nenkonzo. Umgangatho wenzala udla ngokubakho ngokukhutshwa kwe-ARM, njengoko ithintela inzala ekuhlengahlengiseni ngaphantsi komgangatho omiselweyo.
Imigangatho yenzala kunye neesilingi zenqanaba lenzala ngamanqanaba asetyenziswa ngabathathi-nxaxheba borhwebo abohlukeneyo ukubiyela umngcipheko onxulumene nemveliso yemali-mboleko edadayo. Kuzo zombini iimveliso, umthengi wekhontrakthi ufuna ukufumana intlawulo esekelwe kwireyithi ekuxoxwe ngayo. Kwimeko yomgangatho wenzala, umthengi wenkontrakthi yomgangatho wenzala ufuna imbuyekezo xa izinga lokudada liwela ngaphantsi komgangatho wekhontrakthi. Lo mthengi uthenga ukhuseleko kwilahleko yengeniso yenzala ehlawulwe ngumboleki xa izinga lokudada liwa.
Isilingi yesilingi intsingiselo
Injongo yeli nqaku kukuphakamisa ulwazi loluntu malunga namagatya entamo, njengoko abaninzi ababoleki abanxungupheleyo eSpain basaxhatshazwa kwi-2013, xa iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseSpain yavakalisa ukuba ingabikho kwaye ingenanto.
Ndiye ndacelwa ukuba ndibuyele kumbandela wamaGatya oMgangatho ngenxa yezigwebo zakutsha nje zeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Ukuqala kwam ukubhala ngalo mbandela, ngo-2009, kwakungekho mthetho wetyala. Ngoko ndaziva ndinyanzelekile ukuba ndibhale kwaye ndikhanyele esidlangalaleni la magatya e-mortgage, ndiwathatha njengento exhaphazayo ngenxa yokungakhethi cala kwabo baxhasa ababolekisi. Ibiyingozi elindele ukwenzeka. Kangangokuba kwinqaku lam malunga namaGatyana ali-10 axhaphakileyo kwiMali-mboleko ye-Mortgage yaseSpain ndibanike iwonga elithandabuzekayo lokudwelisa kuqala. Kufuneka wongeze kwakhona amagatya e-SWAP.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, izigwebo ezichasene nabo zisisiganeko semihla ngemihla esingasezizo ndaba. INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseSpain iseke ngo-2013 umgca wemithetho efanayo kulo mba, iwubhengeze ukuba alinto kwaye ungekho ukususela nge-9 kaMeyi, 2013.
Intsingiselo yomlinganiselo ophezulu
Iireyithi zobomi bonke ziyayinqanda imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokunyuka kwenzala enkulu kubomi bemali-mboleko yomboleki, kodwa inokudala umngcipheko wezinga lenzala kumbolekisi ukuba iireyithi zinyuke ngokwaneleyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso ze-mortgage ezikhoyo kwimarike. Ababoleki banenketho yeemveliso zomgangatho osisigxina, apho izinga lenzala lihlala lihlala libonke ubomi bemboleko. Ekubeni izinga lihlala lihlala lihleli, abantu abanemali mboleko yemali emiselweyo banokulindela iindleko ezihambelana ne-mortgages yabo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inzala yemali-mboleko yemali-mboleko iyahluka kubo bonke ubomi bemboleko. Ihlala ihleli ngexesha lokuqala, emva koko ihlengahlengiswa ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo de imali-mboleko ihlawulwe.
Imiqathango ye-ARM mortgage ibonakaliswe kwinkcazo yemveliso ngokwayo. Umzekelo, i-5/1 ARM ifuna inzala esisigxina iminyaka emihlanu, ilandelwa yinzala eguquguqukayo ebeka ngokutsha rhoqo kwiinyanga ezili-12. Ababoleki bahlala bekhetha phakathi kwe-2-2-6 okanye i-5-2-5 ephezulu yexabiso lenzala. Kwezi caphulo, inani lokuqala libhekiselele kumlinganiselo wokuqala wokukhula, inani lesibini lisingisele seenyanga ezili-12, kwaye inani lesithathu lisingisele kubomi bonke.
Inzala yomlinganiselo wenzala kwiiPhilippines
Imithetho yenzala iyabalela ababolekisi ukuba babize ababoleki inzala ephezulu kakhulu kwimali-mboleko. Ekusekweni kweUnited States, amathanga amkela imithetho yenzala esekelwe kwimodeli yesiNgesi.
Iisilingi zenqanaba lenzala zifumaneka kwiimali-mboleko zexabiso eliguquguqukayo, apho izinga livunyelwe ukuba liguquguquke kubomi bemboleko. Iimali-mboleko zemilinganiselo eguquguqukayo zinokubandakanya iimeko zokuba imilinganiselo yenzala inokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na ukuya kwelo nqanaba liphezulu. Ezi zibonelelo "zokwanda okuncinci" ziya kumiselwa malunga nesantya sokukhula kwamaxabiso.
Izithintelo zenzala kunye namagatya okunyusa aluncedo kakhulu kubaboleki xa amazinga enzala enyuka. Ukuba umlinganiselo wenzala ufikeleleka phambi kokuba imali-mboleko ifikelele ekuvuthweni, lowo ubolekayo usenokukwazi ukuhlawula inzala engaphantsi kwemarike kangangexesha elide.
Xa kuqwalaselwa i-Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM), umboleki usenokukwazi ukuhlawula imali-mboleko ngemilinganiselo yenzala esebenzayo ngexesha lothethwano lwemali-mboleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izinga lenzala liyenyuka ngaphandle komda kubomi bemali-mboleko, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha eliyiminyaka eli-15 okanye engama-30, umboleki usenokungakwazi ukuyibuyisela imali-mboleko.
