Inqaku lesi-3 loMthetho we-3/2009, ka-Epreli 3, malunga nokuguqulwa kwezakhiwo zeenkampani ze-mercantile, limisela ukuba ngenxa yenguquko inkampani ithatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo, igcina ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho tshintsho kubuntu bayo, oluchaphazela ukuba semthethweni kwayo okusebenzayo okanye okungahambiyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokugweba, nokuba inkampani yamkele uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwentlalo, igcina ubuntu bayo.
Ngokuhambelana noku ngasentla, xa kuthe kwathethwa uguquko phambi kwenkqubo, ayibangeli nayiphi na ingxaki kuba, kule meko, ukuba semthethweni okusebenzayo kuya kufana, oko kukuthi, inkampani eguquliweyo iya kuba yiyo eqalisa inkqubo, kwaye ukuba kusemthethweni okwenziwayo, unoxanduva kwaye ibango kufuneka libhekiswe kulo (uluntu oluguquliweyo), ngaphandle kokubandlulula oko kuya kuchazwa kamva, kuba ukunyuswa koxanduva kunokwenzeka.
Ke, xa inguqu isenzeka kusalindwe ukusetyenzwa kwenkqubo yenkundla, ukulandelelana kwenkqubo akwenzeki okanye akufuneki ukuba ube nomdla, kuba ayithethi nakuphi na ukulandelelana, kodwa utshintsho nje lwegama kunye / okanye ukwenziwa kwenye. yamaqela (uluntu olutshintshileyo). Ngamanye amazwi, uthe utshintsho aluxhomekekanga ekuvunyweni kwenkundla, kodwa nangona kunjalo lwenziwa kanye xa unomdla ngomnye wamaqela, okoko nje ukuguqulwa okuxeliweyo kuqinisekisiwe, mhlawumbi ngomnikelo wesenzo esihambelanayo esibhaliswe kwirejista. , isatifikethi sobhaliso, njl.
Umzekelo wesivakalisi sangaphambili seNgxaki - i-Administrative Chamber ye-TSJ ye-Balearic Islands, ye-27/1/2016. iirekhodi, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwenkampani yoluntu elinganiselweyo ibe yinkampani enyiniweyo, kunye nesiphene kumelo ngenxa yokungafumani magunya amatsha.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-Chamber, icaphula ubugcisa. I-3 yoMthetho we-3/2009, ithi ngenxa yokuguqulwa, inkampani yamkele uhlobo olwahlukileyo, igcina ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni, ngoko ke ukutshabalala komntu osemthethweni kunye nokuzalwa komntu omtsha osemthethweni akuzange kwenzeke, yintoni eyenza inyaniso. ukulandelana kwenkqubo, kodwa ukugcinwa komntu osemthethweni wangaphambili phantsi kwefom yenkampani eyahlukileyo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwifomu yomthetho, engazange ichaphazele ubunikazi benkampani eguquliweyo, egcina ubuntu bayo kwaye igcinwe phantsi kwefomula entsha ( STS No. 914/1999, kaNovemba 4, i-STS ye-30/1/1987, i-SAP yaseValencia No.
I-Chamber inqume ukuba, ngenxa yenguqu, inkampani yamkele uhlobo olwahlukileyo kodwa yagcina ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni, ukuba akukho mntu ucinywa nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-STS No. I-914/1999 ithi inguqu exeliweyo, enobuntu obufanayo, iyaqhubeka ithatha amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo ezifanayo, ukuze ngenguqu exeliweyo kungabikho ukudluliselwa kokusetyenziswa kunye nolonwabo okanye ukudluliselwa kwe-patrimonial, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, kukuqhubeka ". ubuntu” bebutho elidala.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-STS ye-30/1/1987 iya kuphinda iphinde ichaze ukuba ukuguqulwa akuvelisi ukuchithwa kwenkampani eguqulweyo, ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni buhlala bufana. Kwaye isigwebo se-AP yaseValencia siya kuphinda ifundise imfundiso eveziweyo, esele ikhankanywe ngasentla (i-Art 3), iphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iguqule imfundiso ye-AP. Kweso sigqibo esifanayo se-AP yaseGuipúzcoa iya kuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde ichaze oko kwakuthethwa ngaphambili.
Uluntu olutshintshileyo luqhubela phambili ukuthatha amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo ezifanayo
Ngaloo ndlela, i-Order of the Fourth Chamber, ye-TS, ye-19/4/2016 imisela (ngokuphathelele kwimeko yokulandelelana kwezoshishino): sonke isizathu sokuba isisombululo kufuneka sigcinwe kuzo zonke iimeko zenguqu (Amanqaku 3 ukuya kwi-21 ye. I-LME), kunokwenzeka ukuba kubo inkampani yamkele uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwentlalo, igcina kuzo zonke iimeko ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni, kangangokuba akunakwenzeka nokuba ivelise ukuthotyelwa kwenkampani, kodwa ukuba inguqu enjalo ifikelela kuphela kwi-imeyli. "utshintsho olusesikweni" lwenkampani, oluthi lungabinamsebenzi kwiinjongo esijongene nazo.
Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo eqhubekayo yokugweba, ukuguqulwa kwenkampani eyinxalenye yayo, ayitshintshi ukuba semthethweni okusebenzayo okanye okusebenzayo, kwaye akukho naliphi na ilungelo okanye isibophelelo esichaphazelekayo, kodwa njengoko sele kuphuhlisiwe, kuya kwanela ukwazisa. inkundla yaloo meko ukuze inkqubo yotshintsho ibhalwe phantsi.
Kwinkqubo eqhubekayo yokugweba, inguqu yenkampani eyinxalenye yayo, ayitshintshi ukuba semthethweni okusebenzayo okanye okwenziwayo.
Ngokutsho kobugcisa. 21 yalo mthetho ukhankanywe ngasentla, nangokuphathelele noxanduva lwamahlakani; Amaqabane athi, ngenxa yokuguqulwa, athathe uxanduva lomntu kunye nokungenamkhawulo kumatyala eenkampani, aya kuphendula ngendlela efanayo namatyala ngaphambi kokuguqulwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, phakathi kokunye, ukugunyaziswa kwe-passive kunokwandiswa xa inkampani ithatha inkampani apho uxanduva lungasikelwanga mda, kwaye ke amaqabane aya kuphendula ngempahla yawo yobuqu kumatyala ngaphambi kotshintsho kwaye kuzo zonke iimeko. ye-post-transformation, kukuthatha isigqibo, ukucinga kunokuqondwa ukuba ngenxa yenguqu, uxanduva luya kwanda. Ngokuchasene noko, ngaphandle kokuba ababolekisi benkampani baye bavuma ngokucacileyo kwinguqu, uxanduva lwabalingane abaya kuba noxanduva lobuqu kwabo benkampani eguquliweyo baya kuhlala, kumatyala enkampani ekhontrakthi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwenkampani, nangona eli tyala. iya kumisela iminyaka emihlanu ukususela kumhla wopapasho kwiGazethi eseMthethweni yeMercantile Registry.
Amaqabane aya kuphendula ngendlela efanayo namatyala ngaphambi kokuguqulwa; ukunyanzeliswa kokusemthethweni kunokwandiswa xa inkampani ithatha uhlobo lweshishini apho ubutyala bungapheli. Amaqabane angaqala ukuphendula ngempahla yabo yobuqu kumatyala phambi kotshintsho
Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kumatyala ukuba utshintsho lwenzeke emva kokufakwa kwebango nangaphambi kwempendulo? Ukuba ngaphandle kokubandlulula ukuva ukuba ibhekiswe kwinkampani eguqulweyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba olu xanduva lwandisiwe kwaye amaqabane athathe le mbopheleleko ngenxa yokuguqulwa, oko kukuthi, kuya kwenzeka ukwandisa ukumangalelwa ngokuchasene. amaqabane (i-401.2 yoMthetho weNkqubo yoLuntu) okanye, emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, lifake ityala elitsha ngokuchasene namaqabane kunye nomdla wokuqokelelwa kweenkqubo, okunzima kunikwa imida ebekwe ngubugcisa. I-78.2 kunye ne-3 yoMthetho weNkqubo yoLuntu, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela oku kunokwenzeka xa kungathetheleleki ukuba, kunye nemfuno yokuqala, ayikwazi ukukhuthaza inkqubo ebandakanya kakhulu amabango kunye nemiba efanayo, nangona kukho ukuhlukahluka kwemiba. . Ngaphandle kokugxeka kwinto yokuba kukho izigqibo zokugweba ezenza ukuchazwa kokunciphisa ukuqokelela kuguquguquke ngakumbi, umzekelo, ityala eliphakanyiswe yi-SAP Coruña, 329/2008, ye-15/9/2008, apho ibhekisela kwimpazamo. okanye ukulibala ubukho bolandelelwano ngexesha ummangalelwa wokuqala efake, echaza ukuba akukho bungqina bokholo olubi kummangali, kwaye weva ukuba kufanele ukuba kuvunyelwe ukuqokelela, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kwingqalelo yenkqubo. uqoqosho.
