Le ngoLwesine, Matshi 2, Organic Law 1/2023, kaFebruwari 28, okanye ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa uhlaziyo loMthetho wokuqhomfa, uye wasebenza, owazisa uthotho izilungiso Organic Law 2/2010, 3 Matshi ngesondo kunye impilo yokuzala kunye nokuphazamiseka ngokuzithandela kokukhulelwa kunye nokuba kufutshane, bonisa izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zabasebenzi ezaneleyo zokuqinisekisa ilungelo kuwo wonke ummandla phantsi kweemeko zolingano.
Ngokunjalo, icinga ngemfundo ye-affective-sexual kuzo zonke izigaba zemfundo, iqhubela phambili ukutyhila imigaqo-nkqubo ethile yabasetyhini abakhubazekileyo, igatya iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo, ivuma ngokucacileyo ukuqwalaselwa kwemeko kunye nokukhubazeka okwethutyana okukhethekileyo ngenxa yeemeko eziqhelekileyo kwimarike yomsebenzi ngoMeyi. umfazi ukwimeko yesibini ekhubazayo ukuya exesheni okanye i-dysmenorrhea yesibini ehambelana ne-pathologies ethile, kunye nokuba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa, nokuba ngokuzithandela okanye hayi, ngelixa efumana ukhathalelo lwempilo kwiNkonzo yezeMpilo kaRhulumente kwaye akakwazi ukusebenza, kwaye oko. ukukhulelwa kwabasetyhini ukususela ngosuku lokuqala lweveki engamashumi amathathu anesithoba, iimveliso zolawulo lokuya esikhathini zamahhala zisekwe kumaziko emfundo, i-pententiary kunye nentlalontle, uphando kunye nokuthengiswa kwezinto zokukhulelwa kwamadoda zityalwe, amaphulo aya kukhuthazwa kwaye aqiniswe ngamaxesha okuthintela. kunye nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, ezinokukhatshwa ngamanyathelo kwinkalo yemfundo, izinto ezintsha zifakwe kwilungelo lokuphelisa ngokuzithandela ukukhulelwa kunye nokwala ngenxa yesazela, kunye neentlobo zobundlobongela obukhoyo kwintsimi yempilo yesondo kunye nokuzala kwabasetyhini. .
amalungelo ezesondo kunye nokuzala
Ukuguqula amanqaku anxulumene nenjongo yomgangatho, iinkcazo, imigaqo ekhokelayo kunye nobubanzi bokusetyenziswa, isicatshulwa sazisa uluhlu lohlengahlengiso kwizahluko I, II, III kunye ne-IV yesihloko I, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Institutional". uxanduva kwicala lezempilo, ezesondo kunye namalungelo okuzala”.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisahluko I, esibizwa ngokuba "Uxanduva lweZiko kwinkalo yezempilo, amalungelo ezesondo kunye nokuzala", izinto kunye neziqinisekiso zezenzo zamagunya oluntu ziyandiswa kwaye amanyathelo amatsha anxulumene nempilo ejinga exesheni, phakathi kwayo kufanelekile. ukuqaphela ukuqondwa ngokusemthethweni kwemeko enokwenzeka yokukhubazeka okwexeshana evela ekukhubazekeni kwesibini kokuya exesheni okuhambelana ne-pathologies efana ne-endometriosis, i-fibroids, isifo sokudumba kwe-pelvic, i-adenomyosis, i-polyps ye-endometrial, i-polycystic ovaries, okanye ubunzima bokopha. ezifana ne-dyspareunia, i-dysuria, ubudlolo, okanye inzima kunokopha okuqhelekileyo, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba zifumaneke ngokusasazwa simahla kweemveliso zolawulo lokuya esikhathini kumaziko emfundo kwiimeko ezibangela imfuneko, kumaziko eenkonzo zentlalontle kwabasetyhini abasemngciphekweni wokungabandakanywa, nakumaziko nakwezinye iindawo apho abantu bahluthwa inkululeko. . Ingqokelela yeemveliso zolawulo lokuya esikhathini iya kuhlonipha ukukhethwa kwabasebenzisi.
Isahluko II, ngoku esibizwa ngokuba "Amanyathelo kwinkalo yezempilo yezesondo kunye nokuzala", siyaqaphela iinkonzo kunye namalungelo okuqinisekiswa ngeenkonzo zoluntu, ukwahlula phakathi kwempilo yesondo kunye nokuzala. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ukulawulwa kwemeko ekhethekileyo yokukhubazeka kwexeshana kwabasetyhini abaphelisa ukukhulelwa kwabo, ngokuzithandela okanye kungekhona, phantsi kwemigaqo esekwe kwisicatshulwa esihlaziyiweyo soMthetho woKhuseleko lweNtlalo Jikelele, evunywe yiRoyal Legislative Decree 8/2015, ye Ngo-Oktobha 30, kunye nokulawulwa kwemeko ekhethekileyo yokukhubazeka kwexeshana kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukususela ngosuku lokuqala lweveki engamashumi amathathu anesithoba yokukhulelwa.
Kwangokunjalo, abalawuli bakarhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukufikelela kwiindlela zokuthintela ukukhawula, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kweendlela eziqhelekileyo nezingxamisekileyo, eziqinisekileyo nezinokubuyiselwa umva, kugxilwe ngokukhethekileyo kwiinzuzo ezifana nokuboniswa kweenzuzo ezongeziweyo zonyango kwiindlela ezizezinye ezikhoyo, ezibonisa ukhuseleko. , kunye nezithinteli zokukhulelwa zamadoda, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokhuseleko zixhaswe bubungqina obungqongqo kunye nomgangatho wesayensi. Ngokufanayo, qwalasela ngokufanelekileyo ubukho beendlela zokukhulelwa ngokukhawuleza eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkonzo ngokusekelwe kwisicelo seofisi yekhemesti nganye.
Ngokuguqulwa kwesahluko sesi-III, ngoku esibizwa ngokuba "Amanyathelo kwinkalo yemfundo kunye nokwazisa malunga namalungelo ezesondo kunye nokuzala", uqeqesho kwimpilo yezesondo kunye nokuzala kwinkqubo yemfundo kunye nenkxaso kuluntu lwezemfundo, ukongeza imimiselo emibini equka amanyathelo uthintelo lobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kwibala, imfundo yokuya exesheni, imfundo engeyiyo esesikweni, kumaphulo okuthintela amaziko kunye nolwazi kunye noqeqesho kwimida yesayensi yezomthetho, isayensi yemfundo kunye nesayensi yezentlalo.
Okokugqibela, iSahluko IV, "Amanyathelo kwinkalo yemfundo kunye nokwazisa malunga namalungelo ezesondo kunye nokuzala", sisuka ekubhekiseni ngokukodwa kwiSicwangciso soBuchule seMpilo yeSondo kunye neNzala ukubhekisa, ngokubanzi, kumanyathelo okusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo komthetho. , eyokuqala kuthethwa iqhinga, ukucaciswa kwayo kulawulwa ngokubanzi.
Ukukhutshwa ngokuzithandela kokukhulelwa
Isihloko II silungisa iimfuno eziqhelekileyo eziyimfuneko zokuphazamiseka ngokuzithandela kokukhulelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ungenelelo lunokwenziwa kwiziko lezempilo likarhulumente okanye kwiziko labucala elivunyiweyo.
Njengento entsha, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abafazi banokukhulelwa ngokuzithandela kwiminyaka eyi-16 ubudala, ngaphandle kwemvume yabameli babo bezomthetho, kunye nokwamkelwa kwabasetyhini, abanokukhulelwa ngokuzithandela kwiiveki ezilishumi elinesine zokuqala zokukhulelwa. ngesicelo somfazi okhulelweyo, ukuphelisa iimfuno zolwazi lwangaphambili kumalungelo, iinzuzo kunye noncedo loluntu ukuxhasa ukubeleka kunye nokuba ixesha lokubonakaliswa kweentsuku ezintathu liphelile.
Kwale ngqiqo inye, ngokubhekiselele kulwazi olunxulumene nokuphazamiseka ngokuzithandela kokukhulelwa, kuchazwa ukuba abasetyhini bafumana ulwazi olongezelelweyo kuphela, olufana nolo luvela kwiinzuzo zokubeleka, ukuba luyimfuneko, kwaye aluzange lube yimfuneko yokufikelela kwilungiselelo lokukhulelwa. inkonzo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisiqinisekiso sokufikelela kwinkonzo, emva kokubhengeza ukuba abasebenzisi beNkqubo yeSizwe yezeMpilo kufuneka bafikelele ekuphelisweni kokukhulelwa ngokuzithandela phantsi kweemeko zokulingana okusebenzayo, kumiselwe ukuba ulawulo lwezempilo olungenako ukunika inkqubo ekhankanyiweyo kwindawo yayo yejografi, abasebenzisi ababhekisa kubo. kwiziko okanye inkonzo egunyaziswe le nkqubo, phantsi kweemeko ezingcono kakhulu ezikufutshane nekhaya labo, eqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kunye nomgangatho wokungenelela kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzisi.
Ngokunjalo, amanyathelo ayongezwa ukuqinisekisa ulwazi malunga nenkonzo kunye nokuqinisekisa inkonzo yezempilo karhulumente, kwaye ivuma ngokucacileyo ilungelo lokuchasa ngenxa yesazela sabasebenzi bezempilo, njengesigqibo somntu ngamnye wabasebenzi bezempilo ababandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kubudlelwane bokuphazamiseka ngokuzithandela. ukukhulelwa, ekufuneka ibonakaliswe kwangaphambili kwaye ngokubhaliweyo, elawula ex novo erejistry abangavumiyo ngenxa yesazela, ngubani oya kuba ngeenjongo uqheliselo ngqo lonikezelo ukupheliswa ngokuzithandela ukukhulelwa zombini kwinkalo yempilo yoluntu njenge yabucala.
Ukukhuselwa kunye nesiqinisekiso selahleko yesondo kunye nenzala
Ummiselo wongeza iSihlokwana se-III esitsha kuMthetho, obizwa ngokuba "Ukhuseleko kunye nesiqinisekiso samalungelo ezesondo kunye nokuzala".
Izahluko zayo zokuqala zilawula umda woxanduva lweziko lolawulo loluntu kulo mba, ukukhuthazwa kwamaphulo olwazi kunye nezenzo kumalungelo ezesondo kunye nokuzala kwabasetyhini kunye nenkxaso yamaqumrhu akhethekileyo asekuhlaleni.
Isahluko sesibini sijongene nokukhuselwa kunye nesiqinisekiso semithombo yezesondo kunye nokuzala kwintsimi ye-gynecological and obstetric, kubandakanywa nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi beenkonzo ze-gynecological kunye ne-obstetric kunye nokubonelela ukuba iSicwangciso seMpilo yezesondo kunye nokuzala kubandakanya icandelo lokuthintela, ukufumanisa kunye ungenelelo oludibeneyo ukuqinisekisa iziphene zesini kunye nenzala kwi-gynecological and obstetric field.
Kwaye kwisahluko sesithathu, amanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokuphendula aqokelelwa ngokuchasene neendlela zobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini kwintsimi yezempilo yesondo kunye nokuzala, ukulindela izenzo ezichasene nokukhupha isisu ngenkani kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-sterilization kunye nokukhulelwa kunye nokuthintela ukukhulelwa nge-surrogacy. ngokoMthetho we-14/2006, we-26 kaMeyi, malunga neendlela ezincedisayo zokuzala kwabantu, isivumelwano apho ukukhulelwa kuvunyelwene, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwexabiso, ngeendleko zoMfazi olahla ubudlelwane bomama ngenxa yeqela lekhontrakthi okanye owesithathu. itheko. Ngaloo ndlela, ulawulo loluntu lusemthethweni ngokungqinelana nenqaku le-6 loMthetho 34/1988, kaNovemba 11, i-Advertising General, ebonisa isenzo somthetho esijoliswe ekubhengezeni ukuba semthethweni kwentengiso ekhuthaza izenzo zorhwebo zokulawula ngokufaka indawo esele iphumelele.
Ngokufutshane, ngokuhambelana namalungiselelo okukhutshwa simahla kwezithinteli kukhulelwa, inkxaso-mali evela kwingxowa-mali kawonke-wonke yezithinteli-nzala zehomoni, kubandakanywa neendlela ezibuyisela umva ixesha elide, ukuhanjiswa simahla kwezithinteli kukhulelwa zikaxakeka kumaziko ezempilo kuya kuguqulwa. nakwiinkonzo ezikhethekileyo nezilumkileyo ilungelo lokukhuselwa kwedatha yabasebenzi bezempilo ababhaliswe kwirejista yabo bangavumiyo ukuya emkhosini ngenxa yezazela zabo.
