Uxwebhu loluntu lwedijithali lube ngumxholo wengqungquthela ebanjwe ngoFebruwari 13 kunye ne-14 ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-ICADE-Fundación Notariado Chair ngoKhuseleko loMthetho kwi-Digital Society. Inkomfa, eyakhiwe ngamacandelo amabini, anikezelwe kuxwebhu lwe-elektroniki njengesixhobo esitsha se-documentary kunye ne-digitization enkulu yoxwebhu lwe-notarial, yasungulwa ngu-Abel Veiga, uDini we-Faculty yoMthetho we-Comillas Pontifical University (Comillas ICADE), kunye Segismundo Álvarez , usekela-mlawuli weSihlalo.
UVeiga uthe umdla ongaqhelekanga ovuswe yimini, ngaphezulu kwekhulu elibhalisiweyo kwi-Intanethi. Kwicala lakhe, u-Álvarez wagxininisa ukubaluleka komxholo we-documentary kuMthetho: "Nayiphi na i-jurist ebonakalayo iyazi ngokubaluleka kwamaxwebhu xa kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo." Kwi-notary, ezi ngqungquthela zihlangabezana ngokugqibeleleyo nenjongo yeSihlalo: "Ukusekela umthetho kulwazi olungqongqo lwecandelo lezobuchwepheshe."
Ukuvalwa kwengqungquthela kuqhutywe ngumrhumo nguSofía Puente, uMlawuli Jikelele woKhuseleko loMthetho kunye neNkolo yoLuntu, owathi: "Kwi-Administration of Justice siye sangena kwindlela yokwenza idijithali iminyaka. Yindlela engenakunqandeka nengenakuguqulwa kwaye iNotariat yaseSpain ayikwazanga ukuphuma kule ndlela”.
Usuku lokuqala
Ulwazi kunye nombane. I-Digitization njengenyathelo elibonakalayo kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo, phantsi kwesihloko senkomfa yokuqala, enikezelwa ngummeli kunye nomlawuli weSihlalo, uManuel González-Meneses. Kwintetho yakhe, waqinisekisa: "UMthetho ucingelwa, ulwazi, idatha ... Ukuba ubuchule businika namhlanje iindlela ezichanekileyo zokunxibelelana, ukurekhoda kunye nokugcina ulwazi, oluye lwasasazeka ngokupheleleyo kuluntu lwethu, kwaye ukuba le nto iyenzeka. yoLwazi namhlanje ibanzi ngokungenasiphelo kunokuba kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, njengamagqwetha asikwazi ukuhlala sibambelele kuloo nyaniso, asinako ukunxulumanisa ikamva lethu kubuchwepheshe bephepha".
Okulandelayo, itheyibhile yokuqala ejikelezayo, Ukusuka kwimveli ukuya kuxwebhu lwe-elektroniki, yamodareyithwa nguJuan Álvarez-Sala kwaye waba nezithethi uJosé Ángel Martínez Sanchiz, umongameli weBhunga Jikelele le-Notaries kunye ne-Notaries Foundation, kunye noJosé Antonio Vega, Unjingalwazi woMthetho woRhwebo kwiYunivesithi yase-Extremadura.
UMartínez Sanchiz wenza irekhodi kwimbali yoxwebhu olusemthethweni, ebuyela kwiitafile zebar, iibhodi, iipapyri kunye nesikhumba. “Indlela eya ekunyanisekeni okusesikweni-wabalula-inde kwaye inzima. Amatywina aya kufakwa kwiipilisi zaseRoma kunye ne-papyri yezivumelwano zokuthengisa. Ezo zitampu kwinto yomnye umntu zisikhumbuza utyikityo lwangoku lombane. Ukunyaniseka kwanxulunyaniswa nokuthembeka kombhali: i-veritas kunye ne-legalitas, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwe-notary njenge-arhente yoluntu ".
UJosé Antonio Vega wayephethe 'i-electronification' yoxwebhu olusemthethweni, oluthi-ngokombono wakhe-aluniki udidi olutsha lomthetho, kodwa kunoko utshintsho kwikhowudi, inkxaso kunye nenkqubo. Unjingalwazi wabonisa ukuba "ubugcisa obutsha buye bavelisa isixhobo esitsha, uxwebhu lwe-elektroniki, oluphendula ukuguquka kolwimi lonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu kunye nokuba iimpawu zolwazi ziyakwazi ukudibanisa ubukhulu bomzimba."
Kwi-colloquium eyalandelayo, uMartínez Sanchiz, ejongene nokukhulelwa koxwebhu lomthetho nje "ukuveliswa kwakhona" kwesenzo ngeenjongo zobungqina, waphakamisa ixabiso loxwebhu njengendlela yokubonakalisa ukuthanda okuxoxisanayo, kwaye ngoko ke njengento yokuba inika ubukho beshishini kwihlabathi lezomthetho elingaphelelanga kwibala lokumangalelana.
Ithekhnoloji yoxwebhu lwe-elektroniki yayingumxholo wephaneli yesibini, eyayibonisa uJosé María Anguiano, igqwetha kunye nesidanga kwiSayensi yeKhompyutha, kunye noRafael Palacios noJavier Jarauta, bobabini iinjineli zoshishino kunye noprofesa kwiSebe le-ICAI leTelematics kunye neComputing.
U-Anguiano wachaza ingcamango kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwee-hashes (okanye iminwe yefayile), njengezixhobo ze-cryptographic zokuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kweefayile ze-elektroniki. I-Palacios ichaza umsebenzi we-asymmetric cryptography algorithms kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo njengezixhobo zokuphumeza ubumfihlo kunye nesiqinisekiso semvelaphi okanye utyikityo, iingcebiso malunga nempembelelo enokwenzeka yokuphuhliswa kwe-computing ye-quantum kukhuseleko lwale algorithm. Ngamafutshane, i-Jarauta yajongana nengxaki yokugcinwa kwexesha leefayile zekhompyutheni kunye nemifanekiso kwababekho ngokubhekiselele kwiisignesha ze-elektroniki ezihlala ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe ithuba lokuqinisekisa ngexesha lamaxwebhu e-elektroniki.
Itheyibhile yesithathu igxininise kuxwebhu lwe-elektroniki lwendalo yoluntu, kuhlobo lwayo oluphindwe kathathu lwamaxwebhu olawulo, omthetho kunye namaxwebhu omthetho. Ngommeli uFrancisco Javier García Más njengomodareyitha, izithethi yayinguAntonio David Bering, uprofesa oncedisayo we-PhD kuMthetho woLawulo kwiYunivesithi yasePablo de Olavide yaseSeville; UJuan Ignacio Cerdá, igqwetha kunye noprofesa onxulumene noMthetho woLawulo kwiYunivesithi yaseMurcia, kunye nommeli u-Itziar Ramos.
UBering uchaze inkqubela phambili kuzo zonke iifayile zolawulo lwe-elektroniki kunye nokuguqulelwa kwazo kumaxwebhu olawulo kwinkxaso ye-elektroniki ekhethekileyo, ukutsala ingqalelo kwingqikelelo yolawulo lwamaxwebhu kunye nokwahlula phakathi kokufakwa kwidijithali kwamaxwebhu ephepha asele ekhona kwaye yintoni uxwebhu lokwenyani lwe-elektroniki. KuCerdá, “eSpain asikwazi kuthetha ngobulungisa be-elektroniki. Kukho iingxaki zesakhiwo kunye nezomntu: ukusilela kwamaqumrhu agwebayo, iijaji kunye nabatshutshisi. Kananjalo ikomkhulu elitsha lenkundla liye laphunyezwa kwaye kukho iingxaki zokungazinzi kwezobuchwepheshe, ukungabikho kokusebenzisana phakathi kweenkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uRamos uye wajongana nemeko ye-digitization yeenkqubo ze-notarial, okukusekwa kunye ne-vein yeminyaka nguMthetho we-24/2001, oye waqhubela phambili, uxwebhu lwe-notarial yokuqala okanye i-matrix kwifomathi ye-elektroniki, ukuvuma ukuthunyelwa. yeekopi ezigunyazisiweyo nezilula ze-elektroniki, kodwa zicutha umda wokujikeleziswa kweyangaphambili.
usuku lwesibini
Itheyibhile elandelayo ejikelezayo, enikezelwe kumava aseYurophu, yendalo yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuthatha inxaxheba kukaDavid Siegel, inxalenye yeBhodi yabaLawuli be-Federal Association of Notaries yaseJamani; UJeroen Van Der Weele, ummeli woluntu waseNetherlands; kunye noJorge Batista da Silva, uMongameli we-Portuguese Notary Association.
UDavid Siegel ubonise inkqubo esele yamkelwe eJamani, eyathi, ngokugqithisela i-Directive 2019/1151, yavumela umgaqo-siseko we-telematic weenkampani ezinoxanduva olulinganiselweyo kunye nonikezelo lwabo kwiRejistri yeMercantile. Wachaza iindlela zobuchwepheshe ezivumela ukusebenza kwe-notarial kumgama kunye neziqinisekiso ezifanayo njengomntu kunye nolawulo olutsha kunye nenkqubo yokudala kunye nokugcinwa kwe-electronic master deed.
UVan Der Weele wabonisa ukuba, kuphuhliso lwangoku lowiso-mthetho kwilizwe lakhe, "kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuseka iinkampani zetyala elilinganiselweyo kumntu phambi koluntu lwe-notary" njengoko bengekaqhelani ne-Directive, kodwa wachaza ukuba kukho iprojekthi yowiso-mthetho efana nomgangatho waseJamani. UDa Silva, kwelakhe icala, wathi uMthetho wePutukezi we-126/2021 waseka ulawulo lwezomthetho lwexeshana lokugunyaziswa, nge-videoconference, uzimisele izenzo zoluntu kwaye wacacisa nendlela yokukhuphela iikopi ezigunyazisiweyo ze-elektroniki.
Emva koko, unobhala wengxelo uCarlos Higuera wanika inkomfa Isiganeko somthetho oyilwayo wokutshintshwa komyalelo wedijithali weenkampani ezinkulu kuxwebhu lwe-notarial. Kuyo, wenza uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwebhili ye-121/000126 ngoku eqhutyelwa kwiNkomfa yamaSekela, njengoko ichaphazela amaxwebhu e-notarial, kunye nezinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo njengokuqaliswa kwe-protocol ye-elektroniki ebonise yonke iprotocol yephepha kunye nokuba. phantsi kolawulo lwe-titular notary ehambelanayo iya kufakwa kwaye igcinwe kwinkqubo yeBhunga Jikelele leNotari; kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokunikezelwa kwe-notarial ekude kwiintlobo ezithile zamaxwebhu, phakathi kwazo ezo zihambelana nokubandakanywa kweenkampani kunye nezinye izenzo zobomi benkampani.
Ikamva loxwebhu lwe-notarial yayiyitafile ejikelezayo yokugqibela yeCongress. Ngokungenelela kwababhalisi uJosé Carmelo Llopis, uFernando Gomá kunye noJavier González Granado, uJosé Cabrera, igqwetha kunye nomphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseComillas, basebenze njengomodareyitha.
ULlopis wajolisa intetho yakhe kunikezelo olukude, njengendlela yokunika uxwebhu lwe-elektroniki. Ngokukodwa, isithethi sahlulahlula intetho yaso yangamanqaku amathathu. Okokuqala, imfuno yomzila okhuselekileyo wokubonelela ngamaxwebhu ayimfuneko ekunikezelweni kwe-notary. Okwesibini, ukuxhotyiswa kwefayile ye-elektroniki ye-notary. Kwaye okwesithathu, iingenelo zoxwebhu lwe-elektroniki, ngakumbi, ukusebenzisana kwayo.
UGomá ubonise iphepha lokukhuphela kwi-elektroniki efini. Emva kokuphonononga inkqubo yangoku yokukhupha iikopi ze-elektroniki ezigunyazisiweyo kuphela ukuze zithunyelwe kwezinye ii-notaries, iirejistri okanye amagunya olawulo okanye ezomthetho kunye nenjongo ethile, inkqubo entsha yokukhuphela ngaphandle uxwebhu lwe-notarial oluya kuzisa kunye nalo mthetho oyilwayo ukhankanywe ngasentla. eya kuvumela ukufikelela kwikopi ngefomathi ye-elektroniki kuye nawuphi na umntu obonisa umdla osemthethweni.
Ngamafutshane, uGonzález Granado wajongana nomba we-matrix kunye neprotocol ye-elektroniki, egxininisa iingenelo ze-electronic matrix apho iya kuthathwa njengokubandakanya umxholo oguqukayo ngokusebenzisa i-hyperlink.
