Kungekudala kakhulu, izazinzulu zazicinga ukuba xa abantu bale mihla neeNeanderthal bahlukana baziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwakungasekho mfuneko yakwenza enye kwenye. Kodwa kamva i-DNA ye-Neanderthal yafunyanwa kubantu banamhlanje base-Eurasia, oko kuthetha ukuba thina Sapiens safumana ukungena kwemfuza kwezi hominins ngaxa lithile kwimbali yethu yendaleko ekwabelwana ngayo. Ngaphezu koko, iNeanderthals nayo yafumana imizila yethu yemfuza. Kwakukho ukungahambi kakuhle kumacala omabini.
Ngoku iqela labaphandi bamazwe ngamazwe lifumanise ukuba iibhere zinebali elifanayo. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwijenali ye-PNAS kule veki ifumana ubungqina bokuxutywa kuzo zombini iibhere ezimhlophe kunye ne-brown bear genomes.
Abangaphambili ngokukodwa banotyikityo oluqinileyo lokungena kwe-DNA evela kwi-pardos. Izazi ngebhayoloji ziye zafunda ukuba ziya kuba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kukuba ezi zilwanyana ziya kubonakala kwenye, kodwa zazingazi ukuba ukusa kuwuphi umlinganiselo.
Uphononongo luhlalutye i-genomes ye-64 yamathambo anamhlanje amhlophe kunye namdaka, kubandakanywa ne-genomes entsha evela e-Alaska, indawo apho zombini iintlobo zifunyanwa khona. Ukongezelela, eli qela likwavelise igenome entsha, epheleleyo ngakumbi kwibhere elimhlophe elaliphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-115.000 130.000 ne-XNUMX eyadlulayo kumantla echwebakazi eSvalbard. I-DNA yebhere emhlophe yamandulo yakhutshwa kwizinyo elincanyathiselwe kwithambo lomhlathi wefosili, ngoku elikwiMyuziyam yeMbali yeNdalo kwiYunivesithi yaseOslo.
Besebenzisa le datha, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba iibhere ezimhlophe kunye negrizzly zaqala ukuba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo malunga ne-1,3 ukuya kwi-1,6 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuhlaziya iimvavanyo zangaphambili. Olu lwahlulo luye kwaye lusaqhubeka lungumxholo wengxoxo yezenzululwazi.
Iigenomes ezihlalutywayo ziquka le bhere, eyafotwa ngowe-1995 kuMntla weSlope weAlaska. Izazinzulu zazizibuza ukuba ingaba inokuba ngumxube we grizzly kunye nebhere emhlophe, kodwa uphando olutsha lufumanisa "ayingomxube, ibhere nje elikhanyayo" - uRichard Shideler, iCandelo loLondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle, iSebe leentlanzi kunye neMidlalo yaseAlaska.
ibhotile
Uphononongo lukwaqukumbela ukuba emva kokuba luhlobo lwazo, amathambo e-polar afumana ukuhla okubonakalayo kwabemi kunye ne-bottleneck yemfuza yexesha elide, apho ezi zilwanyana sele zineyantlukwano yemfuza ngakumbi kunamathambo amdaka.
UCharlotte Lindqvist, unjingalwazi wenzululwazi yebhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseBuffalo nengcali kwimfuza yamathambo uthi: “Ukwenziwa nokugcinwa kwezilwanyana kube yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. "Okwenzekayo ngeebhere ezimhlophe kunye neebhere ze-grizzly yi-analog ecacileyo kwinto esiyifunda ngokucokisekileyo kwindaleko yabantu: ukuba ulwahlulo lweentlobo lunokungaphelelanga," utshilo.
Utshintsho lwemozulu
Uluvo lokuba iindawo ezikwincam ekwi-Arctic ezilungelelanisiweyo zithatha imathiriyeli yemfuza evela kumhlaba, eqhelaniswe nobomi obukwizidethi ezisezantsi, luphawu olunokuba luncedo kwizazinzulu ezixhalabele impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezisengozini yokuphela. Njengoko ihlabathi lifudumala kunye nomkhenkce wolwandle lwe-Arctic uyancipha, iibhere ezimhlophe kunye negrizzly zinokufumaneka rhoqo kwiindawo apho uluhlu lwazo ludibana khona. Ngokoluvo lukaLindqvist, oku kwenza imbali yabo ekwabelwana ngayo ngendaleko ibe sisihloko esinomdla sokufunda.
