Abantu abachaphazeleka kukusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine babonisa utshintsho kwimbonakalo yemfuza kwimimandla emibini yobuchopho: i-nucleus accumbens, ummandla onxulunyaniswa nomvuzo, kunye ne-caudate nucleus, ummandla olamla ukuyilwa komkhwa.
Oku kubonwe kuphando olwenziwa kwi-Icahn School of Medicine eNtabeni yeSinayi kwaye yapapashwa kwi-"Science Advances" icebisa ukuba olu tshintsho, olunegalelo elikhulu ekuziphatheni okungahambi kakuhle okubonwa kumlutha weziyobisi, oveliswa kusetyenziso lwe-cocaine lwabangela uthotho lweekhemikhali. ukuphendula okukhokelela ekwandeni kwenani le-RNA yesithunywa eveliswa kwezinye zezakhi zofuzo ezichaphazelekayo kule mimandla mibini yobuchopho, ngelixa umsebenzi wezinye izakhi zofuzo uyancipha.
Ilahleko kwisixa somthunywa we-RNA eveliswe, inkqubo ekwabizwa ngokuba "yinkcazo" yemfuza engaphantsi, ikhokelela kutshintsho kwinani leeprotheyini eziveliswa apho ezithi ke ziphumeze ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwingqondo, abaphandi bachaza umsebenzi wakhe.
Iqela lifumene ukudibana okubalulekileyo phakathi kwe-RNAs echazwe kulo mmandla wobuchopho, icebisa ukuba olu tshintsho lwemolekyuli lunokuba ngundoqo kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweCocaine sisifo esingapheliyo, esiphinda sibuyele ebuchotsheni apho kungekho nyango luvunyiweyo okwangoku. Kananjalo kucingelwa ukuba ukulawulwa kokubonakaliswa kofuzo kumaziko enkuthazo kunye nomvuzo wobuchopho adlala indima ebalulekileyo kutshintsho oluzingisileyo lokuziphatha oluchaza umlutha, ulwazi luhlala lunomda wokwenza umsebenzi wemfuza we-maladaptive obangelwa kukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwe-cocaine kwezi sekethe ebantwini. kwaye ibangela ukuphazamiseka kusetyenziso lwe-cocaine.
Ukujongana nomsantsa wolwazi, iqela lenze ulandelelwano lwe-RNA kuzo zombini i-nucleus accumbens kunye ne-caudate nucleus ye-postmortem brain tissue kubantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa i-cocaine kunye nolawulo oluhambelanayo. Ukusebenzisa iqela elikhulu kunye nelona qela lihlukeneyo lihlolwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sifumene ukuba utshintsho kwiinkqubo ze-neuroinflammatory.
I-Cocaine yonyusa inani le-neurotransmitter dopamine kwi-synapses, okanye udibaniso phakathi kweeseli zengqondo ezinemiqondiso yombane eguqulelwa kwiimpawu zekhemikhali. Ngokwenza oko, i-cocaine ikhupha i-cascade yeziganeko ezenza ukuba kusebenze umthunywa wekhemikhali engqondweni ebizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo we-AMP, oya kukhokelela kutshintsho kwimbonakalo yemfuza.
"Ukongeza kulwazi olutsha kutshintsho lwemolekyuli oluqulathwe kusetyenziso lwe-cocaine, sifumanise ukuba abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa i-cocaine bane-dysregulated gene ehambelana ne-schizophrenia kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ezi ngxaki zinokwabelana ngeenkqubo ezithile ze-neuron, iisekethe kunye nabalawuli besiseko. yemfuza,” utshilo uPhilipp Mews, umbhali wokuqala weli nqaku.
Iziphumo zibonisa impumelelo ekuqondeni ukungahambi kakuhle kweemolekyuli kukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kwecocaine.
Kuba kunzima ukufunda ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine zenzeka njani engqondweni yomntu, abaphandi bahlala besebenzisa imodeli yezilwanyana ukufunda iziphumo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo ophambili ngowokuba ingaba le mifuziselo yezilwanyana iyafana nokwenzeka ebuchotsheni babantu abasebenzisa icocaine.
"Iqela lethu lihlalutye izifundo ezenziwe kwiimpuku ukuze lifunde malunga nexesha lokuzilawula kwe-cocaine kwaye lithelekise utshintsho oluye lwenzeka kwiimolekyuli kunye noqwalaselo kwizicubu zobuchopho ze-postmortem kubantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa i-cocaine. Uhlalutyo lubonise iinguqu ezifanayo ngokumangalisayo kwiiprofayili zokuchaza imfuza yobuchopho kuzo zombini iimpuku kunye nabantu, eqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kweemodeli zempuku ukufunda isiseko somzimba wokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine, "ucacisile u-Eric J. Nestler, umbhali ophambili.
Ezi ziphumo, babhala, zibonisa inkqubela phambili enkulu ekuqondeni kwethu ukungahambi kakuhle kwemolekyuli kwingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine kwaye ibambe isixhobo esixabisekileyo sophando lwexesha elizayo.
