UmKristu uFranzen wawa eMadrid ngowe-1923, phantse kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo, kodwa izalamane zemodeli yakhe engaziwa kangako zisaqhubeka nokuvela. "Mna ngokwam ndichonge ootatomkhulu bomhlobo wakudala," utshilo u-Alberto de Prada, umlawuli we-RTVE Archive, otyhila ukuba uye wadibana nemifanekiso yabantu abadumileyo, njengoMata Hari, apho kukho iifoto ezintathu, uMarie. UCurie kunye ne-Ortega y Gasset kuphela kwiminyaka yakhe yamashumi amabini, phantse engabonakali. Uluntu lunokunceda kwakhona ukuchonga abalinganiswa abangaziwayo bogcino lwemifanekiso engama-37.000 ekugqibeleni luvulekele wonke umntu ngenxa yemigudu yamaxwebhu othungelwano loluntu.
Umzobi waseDenmark kunye nonozakuzaku uChristian Franzen y Nissen (Fjolde, Denmark 1864-Madrid 1923) wayengumzobo.
kubalulekile eSpeyin phakathi kweenkulungwane. Yena ngokwakhe waqamba igama lakhe lesidlaliso 'umfoti wookumkani kunye nokumkani wabafoti'. Kwakhona "wayengumfoti we-XNUMXth inkulungwane ye-Movida Madrid", njengoko uPrada emchaza. Kwikomkhulu laseSpain wafota ubusuku kwiikhefi, amagumbi okuphumla kunye nethiyetha, apho wayengenakuthelekiswa nanto ngenxa yobuchule bakhe bobuchule kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutsha kwe-magnesium flash. Emini, wayengoyena mzobi ufunwayo ngabantu abaphakamileyo.
Impumelelo yakhe kwilizwe lethu ifanelekile ukuba ifundwe. UFranzen uphumelele ukuthenjwa nguRegent uMaría Cristina kunye nonyana wakhe, uKumkani uAlfonso XIII, kwaye wafumana isihloko somthengisi osemthethweni weRoyal House. Wayengumhlobo kunye nomdibanisi kaJoaquín Sorolla, owayesebenzisa iifoto zakhe ukubonisa abalinganiswa abafana noKumkani, ngaphandle kwexesha lokubeka iiyure. Igalari engakholelekiyo yabalinganiswa yaboniswa phambi kwelensi yekhamera yakhe: UConcha Espina kunye noEmilia Pardo Bazán bambuze, njengoko wenzayo uPráxedes Mateo Sagasta.
Kwimeko apho wayengakwazi ukufikelela kwezona ziganeko zibalaseleyo kunye neendawo zelo xesha, wasebenzela i-ABC kunye noBlanco y Negro, apho inkalo yakhe ebalaseleyo njengentatheli yavela kwaye wabonisa amacandelo amathathu: 'Izifundo zePhysiognomic', 'Madrid at Night. ' kunye 'neefoto ezisondeleyo'. Ukwasebenzisana neemagazini ezifana ne-'La Ilustracion Española y Americana' kunye ne-'La Esfera y Nuevo Mundo'. Uninzi lwemifanekiso yakhe yemithendeleko emikhulu yayingafiyo kwincwadi ethi 'Los salons de Madrid', ebhalwe nguMonte-Cristo, igama elingelolakhohlo lika-Eugenio Rodríguez y Ruiz de la Escalera, "kunye nentshayelelo ye-Countess of Uxolo Bazan”.
Uhambo lukaFranzen lokugcinwa kweefoto luqale ngesi sibhengezo sipapashwe kwi-ABC
Kwi-1898, uFranzen wathuthela kwi-studio yakhe edumileyo kwinombolo ye-11 Calle del Príncipe (kamva amanani atshintshile kwinombolo ye-9), eyaba yinye yamaziko e-nerve yaseMadrid. Wahlawula i-15 pesetas kwilayisensi yegalari, eyayingaphezulu kwe-amortized. Abezopolitiko kunye nabaphathi bexesha baqesha iinkonzo zabo. Kweza wonke umntu owayenako ukuyifikelela, nabanye ababengenako ukuyifikelela. Nabani na owayebalulekile okanye ozenza ngathi unguye uya kufuna umfanekiso ovela kumfoto wefashoni.
Ngokupapashwa kwi-Intanethi yekhathalogu ye-Franzen, umlawuli we-RTVE Archive ucinga ukuba omnye wemisebenzi yakhe ephambili sele ephunyeziwe, kamsinya nje phambi kokuba yena ngokwakhe onwabe. Uthi: “Icandelo elilandelayo liza kuba libhenca. Andazi nokuba ndiza kuphinda ndikubone na oko, kodwa inika imiboniso emininzi. Kukho ixesha elizotyiweyo. Kwiingubo zomtshato, umzekelo, kukho i-60 okanye i-70 iminyaka, okanye iisuti zomthendeleko, iimpahla zemikhosi ... Iifoto ze-Alfonso XIII kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo kukho i-porrón. Intsapho yonke ikhona, i-Regent María Cristina, uKumkanikazi uVictoria Eugenia, abantwana ukususela bebancinci kunye nenkundla yonke ".
Ingqokelela yokuhamba
UMarie Curie, komnye umfanekiso osindisiweyo kugcino lweChristian Frenzen - RTVE
I-archive ye-Franzen yeza ezandleni ze-RTVE ngo-1971, ngenxa yentengiso encinci epapashwe kwi-ABC. Ingqokelela yavela eZaragoza, eneneni. Umntu othile ovela kuluntu waya apho ukuze ammkele kwaye wanyamekela ukudluliselwa eMadrid. “Ukusukela oko istudiyo savalwa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-50 ukuya kutsho ngo-70, asazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwindawo yokugcina izinto,” utshilo uAlberto de Prada. Kuyaziwa ukuba iindlalifa zithengise yonke into: iifoto, izinto ezingalunganga, ifenitshala, amakhethini ... Ukususela kwiifoto, i-studio ye-Franzen ikhumbuza i-Sorolla e-Madrid okanye i-Fortuny yaseVenice.
Zonke izinto eziphathekayo zafika kwiTVE kwiibhokisi zekhadibhodi, kunye namacwecwe afihliweyo ngokuthe tye, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-30 kwisitya esifanayo, "kwimeko ebuhlungu." Abaninzi baphukile, ngenxa yobunzima. Uninzi luye lwachacha, kodwa kwabanye basaqhubana neengcali ukuze babone ukuba banokusindiswa na. Umfanekiso ngamnye usoloko ukhatshwa linqaku elibhalwe ngesandla, inombolo, umhla, kunye nenye into encinane. Zonke zifakwe kwidijithali ngedatha ekhoyo kunye nethemba lokuba uluntu luya kunceda ukwazi ngakumbi. Ukuphumelela nje kwezi meko, ukunqongophala kwemithombo yemali kunye nabasebenzi kuye kwaba ngumqobo omkhulu. “Yonke into ifakwe kwidijithali iminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe, kodwa ukuyibeka kwiwebhu kusidle kakhulu. Konke oku kongezelela kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Ukutshintshwa kweebhokisi kwenziwe ngumntu omnye, umzekelo”.
UMarie Curie – uChristian Frozen / RTVE
Xa bengekho kumandla e-RTVE nokuba, bonke abo banoxanduva babenovelwano ngokulinganayo kukubaluleka kwezinto ezifunyenweyo. Ekuqaleni, ingqokelela yayibekwe kwindawo yokugcina ye-RTVE eSomosaguas. Kwiminyaka kamva bafudukela kwindawo yokugcina imiboniso bhanyabhanya eArganda del Rey, de kwaba sekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-90s bafuduswa ngokuqinisekileyo (okwangoku) baya ePrado del Rey. Kanye apho, ikhathalogu yokuqala yekhathalogu emalunga ne-10.000 yoqobo yenziwa, kunye nokufakwa kwedijithali okwalandelayo.
Embindini weshumi leminyaka yokuqala yee-2000s, iibhokisi zekhadibhodi zangaphambili zatshintshwa zezona zinto zikhoyo ngoku kunye nezixhobo eziphilileyo kunye ne-PH engathathi hlangothi kunye nokugcinwa okuthe nkqo, ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwazo kunye nokuphepha ukuphuka okutsha. Olu tshintsho luvumele uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwemeko yemvelaphi, emva koko yabhalwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-2015 kunye ne-digitization entsha yesisombululo esiphezulu, ngeli xesha lazo zonke iimvelaphi, zombini ezimbi, ezininzi zazo zenziwe ngeglasi , njengeekopi zephepha.
Ngomhla wama-27 kaDisemba, i-RTVE yazisa ngokuzolileyo i-website ezinikele kumsebenzi womfoti uChristian Franzen: rtve.es/christian-franzen. U-de Prada uyavuma: “Zininzi izinto ekufuneka zenziwe nokuphucula, kodwa bendifuna ukuyishiya le nto ipapashiweyo kwaye ifikeleleke.” Ngaloo ndlela, i-injini yokukhangela ngamanani ayisekho, ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle kuya kuba "kwiinyanga ezimbalwa".
Ukubaluleka kokubuyisela ixesha elidlulileyo
UFranzen wayeyinkosi yokwenyani yelensi yeefoto, awathi wavelisa ngayo iingoma ezigqwesileyo, ezizele bubomi kunye noopopayi. Abalinganiswa behlabathi elikhulu awayengomnye wabo babekwe phambi kwekhamera yakhe. KuMnyama noMhlophe, i-ABC kunye nezinye iimpapasho zelo xesha, wazisa ngokucacileyo imiboniso engazange ifotwe ngaphambili, ngenxa yoshicilelo olukhanyayo lwe-magnesium, awayeyincutshe kuyo. Wachwechwela kwiindawo zokuphumla, kwiindibano, kwiivenkile zokutyela eMadrid ebusuku.
Umsebenzi ongadinwayo, abasebenzi abalishumi elinesibini basebenza kwisitudiyo sakhe eCalle Príncipe. Mde, blond, uhlobo olugqibeleleyo lweNordic, wayekwangummeli waseDenmark eMadrid. Ubuhlobo bakhe noSorolla, awadibana naye ngo-1889, bamkhokelela ekubeni asebenzisane kwiiprojekthi ezithile ezidibeneyo. Imizobo yabo efanayo inika imbeko ekubunjweni, ekukhanyeni, ekubambiseni ubuhle, kumanyano lweendlela ezimbini zobugcisa, ukupeyinta kunye nokufota.
Ingqokelela yeefoto zeFranzen inexabiso elikhulu lenkcubeko, imbali kunye nezoqoqosho. Kodwa iSpeyin ineZiko leSizwe lokufota. Akukho zixhobo zaneleyo ezabiweyo, kukho ukunqongophala kweengcali kwaye akukho xesha lininzi eliseleyo lokulondoloza ilifa lethu leefoto, ngenxa yokuba izinto eziphathekayo ziwohloka, iimali zichithakala okanye ziphela zilahlwa kwinkunkuma. Ngesi sizathu, sixhomekeke kwiingcali ezimbalwa ezilawula ugcino lweefoto eSpain.
Ngethamsanqa, kukho abalungileyo kakhulu, njengabo basebenza kwi-RTVE Documentary Fund emangalisayo, ekhokelwa ngu-Alberto de Prada. Enkosi kubo kunye nokunyameka kwabo, i-37.000 yeglasi engalunganga igciniwe, ifakwe kwidijithali, umsebenzi wenziwe kulondolozo lwabo kwaye zifakwe kwikhathalogu. Kufuneka sibabulele ngalo msebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, mninzi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe, hayi kule ngxowa-mali kuphela. Amanyathelo akhe afana nalawo aqhutywe kunye nomsebenzi kaFranzen las qu'allowen uya kusindisa oko kuseleyo kwimemori yezithombe zaseSpain, ebethwa kakhulu. Kodwa kuninzi okufuneka ugcinwe, izixhobo ezimbalwa kwaye ixesha elincinci!
Federico Ayala Sorenssen, intloko ye-ABC Archive
