TORA
66 miriyoni makore apfuura vakabuda, pamwe chete nemamwe madhinosaurs, mushure mekuita kwemeteorite yakakonzera zvinopfuura 75% yehupenyu panyika. Yaigara mune yava kunzi North America, uye kubvira apo Edward Drinker Cope akawana mufananidzo wekutanga muna 1892, maitiro ayo anotyisa uye mamwe maumbirwo ayo ari kuramba achinetsa masayendisiti.
Uye ndezvekuti Tyrannosaurus Rex yaive nemakumbo mapfupi zvinoshamisa, iine zvishoma kufamba uye kuti, pasina kupokana, 'haikwane' nemuviri wese weimwe yezvikara zvakakura zvakatsika pasi redu. Nekureba kwayo kwemamita anopfuura gumi nematatu, dehenya rayo rakakura uye shaya dzine simba kwazvo dzakambovapo, T.
rex aikwanisa kuruma nesimba iro nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti matani matsva ari pakati pe20.000 57.000 ne300 XNUMX. Zvimwe chetezvo, semuenzaniso, izvo nzou inobata pasi payakagara pasi. Kuenzanisa, zvakakwana kutaura kuti simba rekurumwa remunhu hariwanzopfuura XNUMX newtons.
Nei maoko mapfupi kudaro?
Zvino, sei T. Rex yakanga ine zvombo zvidiki zvinosekesa zvakadaro? Kweanopfuura zana remakore, masayendisiti ave achipa tsanangudzo dzakasiyana-siyana (dzokusangana, kubata mhuka yavo, kudzokera kumhuka yavakarwisa ...), asi kuna Kevin Padian, nyanzvi yepaleontologist paYunivhesiti yeBerkeley, muCalifornia, hapana. zvavo ndezvechokwadi.
Mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa mu 'Acta Paleontologica Polonica', chaizvoizvo, Padian anoramba kuti maoko eT. Mhindumupindu haichengetedzi humwe hunhu hwomuviri kana pasina chikonzero chakanaka. Uye Padian, kuitira kuti abvunze kuti mapfupi epamusoro emakumbo angashandisirwe chii, anotarisa pakutsvaga kuti ndezvipi zvikomborero zvavanogona kuwana kumhuka. Mubepa rake, muongorori anofungidzira kuti T.
A 13-metres T. rex, somuenzaniso, ane dehenya rakareba mamita 1,5, aiva nemaoko akareba kupfuura 90 centimita. Kana tikashandisa zviyero izvi kumunhu akareba mamita 1,80, maoko ake angangoita masendimita gumi nematatu.
kudzivisa kurumwa
“Chii chaizoitika kana ma<em>tyrannosaurs akura akaungana akatenderedza chitunha? Padian anoshamisika. Tingadai tine gomo remadehenya makuru, ane shaya dzine simba rinoshamisa nemazino anobvaruka nekutsenga nenyama nemapfupa ari padivi pemumwe. Uye zvakadini kana mumwe wavo achifunga kuti mumwe ari kuswedera pedyo zvikuru? Inogona kumunyevera kuti asaende nokudimbura ruoko rwake. Saka kudzikisira makumbo emberi kunogona kuve mubairo mukuru, kungoti havazoshandiswe mukupambwa zvakadaro. "
Ronda rakaipisisa rakaguma nekurumwa kunogona kukonzera utachiona, kubuda ropa, kuvhunduka, uye pakupedzisira rufu. Muchidzidzo chake, Padian anotaura kuti madzitateguru e tyrannosaurs aiva nemaoko marefu, uye naizvozvo kuderedzwa kwavo kwakatevera muhukuru kunofanira kuva nechikonzero chakanaka. Uyezve, kuderedzwa uku hakuna kukanganisa chete T. rex, iyo yaigara muNorth America, asiwo mamwe madhinaini makuru ekudya aigara muAfrica, South America, Europe neAsia munguva dzakasiyana dzeCretaceous, dzimwe dzadzo dzakatokura kupfuura Tyrannosaurus Rex.
Maererano naPadian, pfungwa dzose dzine chokuita neizvi dzapiwa kusvika panguva ino “hadzina kumboedzwa kana kuti hazvibviri nokuti hadzigoni kushanda. Uye hapana fungidziro inotsanangura kuti sei maoko angave madiki. Muzviitiko zvese, mabasa akarongwa angadai akashanda zvakanyanya dai asina kuderedzwa kuaona sezvombo. "
Vaivhima vari muzvikwata
Pfungwa yakataurwa muchidzidzo chake yakaitika kumutsvakurudzi apo dzimwe paleontologists dzakawana uchapupu hwokuti T.rex akanga asiri muvhimi ari ega, sezvaitarisirwa, asi kazhinji aivhimwa mumapakiti.
Zvakawanda zvakawanikwa saiti makuru Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, Padian anotsanangura, anoratidza vakuru uye vechidiki tyrannosaurs padivi nepadivi. “Chaizvoizvo—anotaura—hatigoni kufunga kuti vaigara pamwe chete kana kuti vakaoneka pamwe chete. Tinongoziva kuti vakazovigwa vese. Asi kana masaiti akawanda awanikwa panoitika chinhu chimwe chete, chiratidzo chinova chakasimba. Uye mukana, uyo vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakatosimudza, ndeyekuti vakanga vachivhima muboka.
Muchidzidzo chake, Berkeley paleontologist akaongorora uye akarasa imwe neimwe mhinduro kune enigma yataurwa kusvika parizvino. "Zviri nyore-anotsanangura- maoko mapfupi. Havagoni kubata mumwe nomumwe, havagoni kusvika pamiromo yavo, uye kufamba kwavo kwakaganhurirwa zvokuti havagoni kutambanudzira kure zvikuru, kungava mberi kana kuti kumusoro. Musoro mukuru nemutsipa zviri pamberi pavo uye zvinogadzira mhando yemuchina werufu watakaona muJurassic Park. " Makore makumi maviri apfuura, boka revanodzidza nezve paleontologist rakaongorora maoko akasimwa ipapo nekufungidzira kuti T. rex angadai akasimudza anenge 181 kg nawo. "Asi chinhu," anodaro Padians, "ndeyekuti haugone kuswedera pedyo nechero chinhu kuti utore."
analogies azvino
Padian's hypothesis ine analogies nedzimwe mhuka chaidzo, senge hofori yeIndonesia Komodo dhiragoni, iyo inovhima mumapoka uye, mushure mekuuraya mhuka, mienzaniso mikuru yakasvetukira pairi ndokusiya zvakasara kune diki. . Mukuita kudaro, hazvishamisi kuti imwe yedhiragoni iwane kukuvara kwakakomba. Uye zvakafanana zvinoenda kune ngwena. Kuna Padian, chiitiko chimwe chete chingadai chakatamba naT. rex nedzimwe mhuri dze tyrannosaurs mamiriyoni emakore apfuura.
Zvisinei, Padian pachake anobvuma kuti hazvizomboiti kuti aedze mafungiro ake, kunyange zvazvo aigona kuwana kuwirirana kana akaongorora zvose zveT. "Maronda ekurumwa kudehenya uye zvimwe zvikamu zveskeleton - anotsanangura- anonyanyozivikanwa mune mamwe ma tyrannosaurs uye carnivorous dinosaurs. Kana ukawana mavanga mashoma ekurumwa pamakumbo nemakumbo, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chokuti shrunken inogumira muhukuru."
