Varume vashanu vakasangana usiku hwaFebruary 25, 1945 kuti vauraye vamwe vaviri vavakanga vasati vamboona uye vasingazivi chinhu nezvavo. Commando wemaquis akarova muzinda weFalange muCuatro Caminos, pfuti iri muruoko, nekuraira kuba zvinyorwa, kutora zvombo uye kuuraya chero chipenyu chavakawana ipapo. Ava vakave muchengeti - "Falangista inovengwa nenharaunda yose", maererano nevamwe; Murume asina vavengi, maererano nechirikadzi yake - uye munyori we subdelegation, avo vakaendeswa kumagumo emukoto ndokupfurwa kuti vafe. Andrés Trapiello akawana tsinga iyi mukapeti yeyero pane imwe nzvimbo paCuesta de Moyano izvo, zvakangoitika, zvakakonzera faira remapurisa iro vanhu vanomwe vane mhosva vakatongerwa rufu. Magamba evamwe, mhondi dzevamwe… “PCE yakafunga kuuraya muropa rinotonhora muboka reFalange nhumwa mbiri dzisina basa mune zvematongerwo enyika nehondo. Maitiro ekufunga nezve avo vakakonzeresa kwakamutsa dambudziko, asi isu tine mutemo weDemocratic Memory unokodzera mabhunu aya semafambisirwo erusununguko uye democracy ", anotsanangura munyori, uyo akatorondedzera chiitiko ichi chisingazivikanwe mubhuku raanowedzera, mushure mekuwana mafashamo. yedata, mu 'Madrid 1945: husiku hweNzira ina' (Kuenda), chinyorwa chinopeta saizi yaro katatu uye chinotaurira imwe magumo. Kutengesa uye usori Kana ipapo yaive inosuruvarisa yehwamanda ballad, mimhanzi inonzwika neyakawanwa mitsva yakafanana neiyo yefirimu revasori, uko vasiri vese vanobatanidzwa vakaurayiwa nehutongi. Ruoko rusinganzwisisike, ruchibva kuUS masevhisi epachivande, akavhura musuwo wechitokisi chake kuti vana vevasungwa vatizire kuMexico. “Vakareurura kuti munhu akavatakura kubva kuMadrid akarasikirwa nemuzinda weAmerica uye kuti ndege yavakaenda kuNew York yaibva kuhurumende. Muchena uye mubhodhoro”, anodaro Trapiello. Tsanangudzo yekapeti yakatanga kuferefetwa kwaAndrés Trapiello uye iyo ichaendeswa kune inochengeterwa veruzhinji. ABC Munyori akasimbisa kuti maquis mana akashanda zviri pamutemo mubazi retsika remumiriri weAmerica uye kuti vakazvitsaurira, pamusoro pezvose, kupropaganda basa. “Vaive vazivisi mukati memapoka emakomunisti. Kunyanya, vakazivisa vanhu vekuAmerica, avo vakabhadhara zvakanyanya kupfuura veChirungu, asi havana kumbosiya yavo munhamo, "anodaro. Trapiello, achangokunda chiitiko chekunyora nehupenyu hwake hweMadrid, anotsvaga mune chinyorwa chizere neropa, nhamo uye picaresque pamusoro pekupokana nehondo mushure mehondo Francoism. Kubva ipapo inyaya yekutsanangura kuti sei zano remagandanga rePCE, rinotsigirwa neUnited States.UU. uye United Kingdom, yakanga yatongerwa njodzi huru. Maquis aimbova varwi vehondo yevagari vemo avo vatungamiriri vePCE, vakanyatsochengetedzwa muMexico neUSSR, vakatenda kuti Francoism inogona kukundwa nemaoko uye kuti "Falange yakanga yakafanana neNazi Party", anodaro Trapiello, uyo. inokoshesa misiyano yakawanda pakati pemaitiro ese ari maviri, sezvo "Franco asiri Hitler, uye pakanga pasina misasa yekuparadza pano. Hutongi hwaFranco hwaive netsigiro yaisazofungika kune imwe nzvimbo. Avo vakaramba vari mukati nekunze kweSpain ndivo vakabvumira Franco kuti abate mweya wake kana akatarisana netambo. Hondo yehugandanga yakavhurwa muSpain nerutsigiro rweUSSR uye maAllies aive kudeura ropa (1943 kusungwa kwemagandanga uye anti-Francoists kwakaitwa muna 5.700 chete) uye yakafumura kushomeka kwerutsigiro rwemagariro nekuda kwechikonzero ichi munyika yakaparadzwa nehondo. "Ini ndinotenda chaizvo kuti macommunist aiziva kuti vaive vasina rutsigiro rwemagariro kunze kwevanhu vaive mutirongo, asi vaive nefungidziro yekuti pane imwe nguva kumukira kweFrancoism kwaizotanga. Uku kwaiva kusaziva kwemauto epasi, ndiko kuti, kweavo vakazviratidzira vamene kupfuti,” anodaro munyori, uyo anoreurura kuyemura kwake ushingi hwevarwi vanozvininipisa ivavo “vakazvishinha nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi sezvavaizviuraya ivo vamene jihadist.” Nekushaikwa kwezvombo kana zvombo, maquis aigara semakororo kumaruwa uye sevapemhi mumaguta. Mauto eGermany anofora akananga kuCibeles. ABC Huru yose yakasimudzwa nekurwiswa kweCuatro Caminos, iyo yakapindurwa nehurumende nekuratidzira kwevanhu 300.000 mukuremekedza avo vakafa, yakaratidza kutanga kwekuguma kwemaqui phenomenon, iyo yakapera nguva pfupi mushure meHondo Yenyika II. "Francoism yakabata pane nhunzi zvayaigona kuwana kubva kuchiitiko cheCuatro Caminos. Kana maCommunist uye zviito zvehugandanga zvakakurumidza kuoneka mupepanhau, panguva ino Franco akasarudza kudya nyama pamate. Vezvenhau vakapidiguka nekuvharirwa kwekuratidzira, uko hutongi hwakashandisa kunyevera maAllies kuti Spain yakanga isina kufanana neGermany kana Italy ”, inodzivirira munyori webasa rine data semusango sekunge Mapurisa aFranco akahaya kumutambi wetsiva kuti arove. vasungwa apo vamiririri vakaneta kana kuti PCE yakabhadhara mubairo wemari parufu rwega rwega rwakawanikwa nemabhunu. "Kuchinja kwakaitwa nemamwe maKomonisiti uye mamwe maFalangist avo vakanga vasisiri izvo zvavakanga vari" Andrés Trapiello Apo shanduro yekutanga yenyaya yakabuda, mutungamiriri wefirimu José Luis Cuerda aida kuita firimu. Vagadziri vavakapa zano vakafunga kuti Hondo yeVanhu yaizova tsinga yakaneta, uyezve, nyaya yacho yaiita se "yakaipa" kwavari nekuda kwemhedzisiro yayo yakaipa. Nhasi, Spain ine maonero akasiyana kwazvo ehondo, kunyange zvazvo isinganyanyi kufarira izvi: "Makore makumi maviri gare gare takaona kuti, kure nekuneta, pachine chido chikuru chekunzwa zvakaitika uye kuzvitaura munzvimbo yakaoma. nzira. Zvinzvimbo zvisiri zvemasekete, iyo yakakura tambo yepakati yatinogona kudaidza yeChitatu Spain, inomiririrwa nemanzwi akaita seCampoamor kana Chaves Nogales, yakawana nzvimbo mumakore ano. Izvi, zvisinei nekuti mapapiro, anga achinakidzwa nenyaya yavo yakarembera kwemakore makumi masere, havana kugadzirira kusiya masendimita emabhenefiti avo ", akafunga munyori. Kukanganwa Izvo zvakaitikawo mumakore achangopfuura kuedza kumisa ndangariro dzakabatana nemutemo. Mukupisa kwechishuwo ichocho cheHistorical Memory uye ikozvino yeDemocratic, Manuela Carmena akabatanidza vanomwe vakabatwa nemhosva muCuatro Caminos muchirangaridzo chemarinda eAlmudena akatsaurirwa kune vakawirwa neFrancoism, danho rakaonekwa naTrapiello serine mubvunzo. “Mukutaura kwebhuku iri pane vanhu vanomwe vakaponda vanhu vaviri vasina mhosva, uye zvakabuda kuti tine mutemo unoona kuti mhondi idzi varwiri vedemocracy nerusununguko. Izvi zvichaunza gakava rakazara, pasina mhinduro iri pamberi, yekuti kurwa kwemaquis kuchave kuri pamutemo asi kwakarasika kana, sekufunga kunoita vamwe, kwakakosha asi zvisiri pamutemo, "akadaro Trapiello, aive chikamu che Historical Memory komisheni ye. City Council yeMadrid. Chekutanga chipingamupinyi pakuita homogating maquis sevakafira kutenda kwedemokrasi ndeyekuti PCE, inodzorwa kubva kuMoscow, yaida kushandira mapato edemocracy kuti iwane simba, asi mukati yaisatenda mune yakasununguka demokrasi. Yakanga iri bato reStalinist rakanga richisangana nehondo mukati mezvikamu zvaro uye iro rakaita hutsotsi nevarwi vazhinji nekusatevera mutsara wakatarwa. “Mukomunisiti muMadrid aifanira kutya mapurisa sezvaiitwa nevamwe vake,” anoyeuka kudaro Trapiello, uyo akanyevera kuti La Pasionaria kana Carrillo haana kumbobvira abudisa pachena kukanganisa kwavakaita mubato ravo. Dzinoenderana Nhau chiyero Hongu Aya ndiwo mabhuku anozonyora matsutso e2022 Karina Sainz Borgo Vanyori vakaita saEnrique Vila-Matas naArturo Pérez-Reverte kudzoka. Murungano rwekune dzimwe nyika, Cormac McCarthy “Shanduko yakaitwa nemamwe macommunist akanga asisiri macommunist avakanga vari uye vamwe Falangist vakanga vasisiri vaFalangist ivo. Izvozvo hazvifaniri kukanganwika.
