CO2 ine mukurumbira kupfuura methane kana zvasvika kune magasi egreenhouse ari kukurumidza kudziya kwepasirese paPasi. Kazhinji, iyi yechipiri inosvetukira kumisoro yenhau kana ichitaura nezvehutsi kubva kumapurazi emombe. Zvakadaro, manzwi akawanda enyanzvi anoti kukosha kwegasi iri pakudyara mhinduro dzekudzora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Chirevo chazvino (Kukadzi 2022) kubva kuInternational Energy Agency inova nechokwadi chekuti methane ine chekuita ne30% yekuwedzera kwekushisa kubva pakatanga Revolution Revolution.
Asi chokwadi ndechekuti huremu hwayo museti yemagasi anosvibisa hunogona kunge hwakakura kupfuura zvaidavirwa kare.
Izvi zvakazorodzwa nemumwe mushumo uchangoburwa wakashandisa mifananidzo yesatellite kuyera kubuda kwemethane kubva kuindasitiri yemafuta negasi.
Mhedziso yakasvika ndeyokuti yakakura kudarika inozivikanwa. Makuru asina kutaurwa emethane emitter anoita isingasviki 10% yemafuta ari pamutemo uye gasi methane emissions munyika nhanhatu dzepamusoro dzinogadzira.
Yakashandurwa kuita manhamba, toni imwe neimwe yemethane isingabatanidzwe mumishumo yepamutemo yakaenzana ne4,400 madhora ekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze uye pamusoro pe ozone, izvo zvinokonzeresa hutano hwevanhu, kugadzirwa kwebasa kana goho rezvirimwa, pakati pezvimwe.
Chii uye chinogadzirwa kupi?
Methane igasi risina ruvara uye risinganhuhwi rinogadzirwa muzvisikwa kubva mukuora kweanaerobic kwezvirimwa. Maitiro echisikigo aya anogona kushandiswa kugadzira biogas uye anogona kuita 97% yegasi chaiyo. Mumigodhi yemarasha inonzi firedamp uye ine njodzi huru nekuda kwekubatidza kwayo nyore.
Pakati pezvinhu zvekubuda kwechisikigo, kuparara kwemarara (30%), machakwi (23%), kubviswa kwemafuta emafuta (20%) uye magadzirirwo emhuka, kunyanya zvipfuyo (17%).
Sei zvakakosha kupfuura zvaunofunga?
Methane inonzi yechipiri greenhouse gasi ine simba guru. Nekudaro, munhoroondo haina kupihwa kukosha kwakanyanya se CO2.
Mumwe nomumwe ane maitiro akasiyana. Carbon dioxide ndiyo inogara kwenguva refu uye inosvibisa zvakanyanya. Zvimwe zvacho, kusanganisira methane, zvinogara kwenguva pfupi uye zvinonyangarika kubva mumhepo nekukasika. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akaratidza kuti inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuteya mwaranzi yezuva uye kuwedzera simba mukudziya. Yakaverengerwa kuti ine mukana wakapetwa ka36. Saka kukosha kwekuirwisa padanho rakafanana neiyo yakakurumbira CO2.
Kuti iite izvi, European Union ine Methane Strategy yakaitwa muna 2020. Pamusoro pezvo, iri kugadzirira mutemo mutsva unotarisisa gasi iri uye neinoda kuderedza kubuda kwayo.
Chikamu chesimba (chinosanganisira oiri, gasi rechisikigo, marasha uye bioenergy) chave kutungamira zvakare maererano nebasa rekubudisa methane.
Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwakaitwa neInternational Energy Agency, inosvika makumi mana kubva muzana yemethane emissions inobva kusimba. Nechikonzero ichi, sangano iri rinotenda kuti kuziva nezvedambudziko iri mukana wakakura wekudzikamisa kudziya kwepasi "nekuti nzira dzekudzidzikisa dzinozivikanwa uye, kazhinji, dzinobatsira," inodzivirira mushumo.
Zvipfuyo, zvine muswe wekuburitsa
Sei zvakajairika kupomera mhou kuti ndidzo dzinokonzeresa uipi hwemethane? Naizvozvo, kurima handiyo honzeri huru, kana zvakanyanya kuoma kudzikisa kuburitswa kwemethane kwainoburitsa uye mubatanidzwa wechikamu chekurima unoonekwa sewakakosha. Mune mamwe mazwi, chero shanduko, kunyangwe idiki sei, muchikamu chino inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura.
Tichitarisa zviito zvinodiwa, paCOP26 nyika dzichaedza kuderedza kubudiswa kwemethane nezvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana kubva zvino kusvika muna 30, zvichiitwa muGlobal Methane Initiative.
MuEurope, hurongwa hwekukwanisa kutevedzera chibvumirano ichi huchatarisa kudzikisa kuburitswa kwemethane muzvikamu zvesimba, zvekurima nemarara, sezvo nzvimbo idzi dzichimiririra kuburitswa kwemethane muOld Continent.
Chirongwa ndechekutanga zviito zvakanangana mune yega yega chikamu chehupfumi uye kutora mukana wekubatana pakati pezvikamu (senge, semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwebiomethane).
