Pamapuraneti ese, nzvimbo dzemumvura, dzepasi uye dzemuchadenga dzinoiswa pasi pekupinda zvishoma nezvishoma nevapambi vadiki vekugadzira. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, hunenge husingaoneki neziso remunhu (inoyera isingasviki 5 millimeters), kuvepo kwe microplastics kunokonzera kuwedzera kuri pachena mhedzisiro pane ecosystem uye inotyisidzira kusiyana kwavo kwezvipenyu. Kunyanya, mvura yakachena uye yemunyu ndeimwe yenhau umo zvimedu izvi zvinopararira zvakanyanya. Gore rega rega, 8 miriyoni matani epurasitiki anoguma mugungwa, uye mifananidzo yechitsuwa chikuru chepurasitiki muPacific Ocean yakamutsa mishandirapamwe yakawanda uye zvidzidzo, zvakanyanya kutariswa macroplastics, nepo zvidiki kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika zvanga zvisinga cherechedzwe. zvose nzanga nesayenzi yezvakatipoteredza.
“Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinongoitika zvoga zvatinodavira kuti hazvina kusvibiswa zvakasvibiswawo, pasinei nokuti tinozviona here kana kuti kwete,” anotsanangura kudaro Maite Martínez-Eixarch, mutsvakurudzi wechirongwa cheIRTA chemvura dzomugungwa nepakati penyika.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, rimwe rematambudziko aripo nderekusimudzira microplastic chiziviso uye nzira dzekutarisa kuitira kuti vazive kwavanobva uye nemabatiro avanoita, uye pakupedzisira kuita kudzikisa maitiro avo. Nechikonzero ichi, timu yeIRTA inorongwa naMartínez-Eixarch yakatanga chirongwa cheBIO-DISPLAS muna 2021, pamwe neBiodiversity Foundation yeMinistry for the Ecological Transition uye Demographic Challenge. Zvinokwanisika kuona kugoverwa kwe microplastics munzvimbo dzemvura dzeDelta uye kusunungura hurongwa hunovaisa mumapoka. Tsvakiridzo ye2019 neInstitute of Environmental Sayenzi neTekinoroji (ICTA-UAB) inofungidzira kuti 2.200 bhiriyoni microplastics inokandwa muMediterranean gore rega rega kubva kune iyi yakasikwa funnel. Muna 2019, ongororo yakaitwa neInstitute of Environmental Sayenzi neTekinoroji (ICTA-UAB) inofungidzira kuti mamirioni mazana maviri nemazana maviri emapurasitiki anopinda muMedithera gore rega rega kubva kune iyi yakasikwa funnel.
Kusiyana nechidzidzo cheICTA-UAB, icho chakavakirwa pakuunganidzwa kwemasampuli pamahombekombe ejecha, pamubhedha wemvura uye mumvura yepamusoro, chirongwa cheBIO-DISPLAS chinotanga kubva muunganidzwa wemvura uye madhamu akagadzirwa mumadhamu mashanu neA Delta Rice. Munda. Kana ma microplastics aparadzaniswa kubva kumarara echisikigo, zvimedu zvichaverengerwa uye kurongeka zvichienderana nemhando nhatu: saizi, ruvara uye rudzi rwechimiro (senge fibers, zvidimbu kana mafirimu). Mhedzisiro ichave tafura ine kuunganidzwa kwemapolymer munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeiyo ecosystem.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvichibva pane idzi data, IRTA inowana modhi yekombuta yekuziva, kuverenga uye kuyera microplastics mumifananidzo yakagadzirwa nemicroscope kana binocular loupe. Mushure mekugamuchira mamwe ekutanga mirairo yemanyorero, iyo application pachayo ichave yakakwana panguva yekuita nekuda kweiyo otomatiki yekudzidza algorithm. Muzhinji, iyo application ichave yadzidza kuita yekuona uye kupatsanura pachayo. Iyo tekinoroji yekuona uye inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nharaunda, sekunyoreswa kwemakoloni ehutachiona. "Inotitendera kuchengetedza nguva nesimba uye kukwanisa kumisa uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekuverenga emangwana", anodzivirira Carles Alcaraz, muongorori weIRTA uye munhu anotarisira kuronga modhi.
Zvese izvi zvichashanda kuisa yekutanga yakangwarira mufananidzo wehukuru hwe microplastics muDelta, hwaro hunovhura nzira kune ramangwana mitsara yekutarisa nekutsvaga. "Tichakwanisa kuona, semuenzaniso, kuti tingadzika sei kusimba rekuyerera kwechisikigo kana kubatanidza kugovera kwavo kune zvakatipoteredza," anodaro Martínez-Eixarch. Mufananidzo wakazara wedambudziko zvakare unobvumira microplastics kutorwa semabviro ayo anogona kuitika. Izvi zvinogona kubva mukuparara kwemapurasitiki akakura (secondary microplastics) pamwe chete nemidziyo mishoma (primary microplastics).
Zvidiki asi zvinokuvadza
Kuwanda kwema microplastics mupepa guru repeninsular hydrographic network kwakaratidzwa muzvidzidzo neMan and Territory Association muna 2020. Zvose maererano nekugovera uye maererano nemigumisiro yemapolymer aya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana ”. Kune rimwe divi, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinogona kukonzera shanduko musimba senge kutenderera kwekudya uye kuora kweiyo organic matter. Uyezve, sezvakaonekwa muCatalonia munyaya yegungwa, microplastics inounzwa mutsvuku trophic, iyo yakarasikirwa isu uye inogona kukonzera chepfu kana kukanganisa hormonal system.
Chirongwa cheBIO-DISPLAS, chakagadzirirwa chirongwa chemvura yemugungwa neyemumakondinendi cheIRTA muSant Carles de la Rápita, chichapera muna 2023 uye chichapihwa neBiodiversity Foundation yeMinistry for the Ecological Transition uye Demographic Challenge. Zvakare, nekubatana kweSpanish NGO SEO/BirdLife, iyo yakazvipira kunzvimbo dzerabhoritari uye ichave inobata mumabasa ekufambisa uye kuparadzira mhedzisiro.
