LANDANI
Kusakhutira kwakukulu kwa anthu aku Russia chifukwa cha "nkhondo yowononga, yamagazi komanso yopanda chifukwa" yomwe Purezidenti Vladimir Putin adayambitsa motsutsana ndi dziko loyandikana nalo, motsutsana ndi Ukraine, omwe okhalamo, monga aku Russia, ndi Asilavo akummawa ndipo amaganiziridwa nthawi zonse. abale”, ndizoposa zomveka. Ochuluka amalonda, ojambula zithunzi, akuluakulu omwe kale anali akuluakulu, azachuma ndi asayansi akuthawa ku Russia. Amasiya maudindo awo, amathetsa mabizinesi awo, amasiya uprofesa wawo, amasiya zisudzo zawo kapena kuletsa ziwonetsero.
Ngakhale pakati pa omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi Putin, pali mikangano. Mtumiki wa Chitetezo Sergei Shoigu, Chief Army of Staff Valeri Gerasimov, mkulu wa FSB (yemwe kale anali KGB), Alexander Dvornikov, kapena mkulu wa Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Igor Osipov, akuwoneka kuti sakujambula chilichonse.
Mwadzina iye amasunga maudindo ake, koma Putin sakuwakhulupiriranso chifukwa chosokoneza zokhumudwitsa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ovulala komanso kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa asitikali.
Katswiri wa ndale Stanislav Belkovski akunena kuti "Putin wayamba kutsogolera asilikali ku Ukraine" ndi malamulo achindunji kwa akuluakulu omwe ali pansi. M'mawu ake, "Operation Z idakali pansi pa ulamuliro wonse wa Putin. Palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe angapereke yankho lomwe sali nalo chidwi." Purezidenti wa Russia, chigamulo cha Belkovsky, "avomereza kuti chiyambi cha chiwonongekocho sichinapambane ndipo zomwe zimayenera kukhala blitzkrieg zinalephera. Ndicho chifukwa chake anatenga ulamuliro, monga momwe Mfumu Nicholas Wachiwiri anachitira pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse.”
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ozunzidwa pakati pa anthu wamba ku Ukraine, nkhanza zomwe zidachitika ku Bucha, kuvulala kwakukulu kumbali zonse ziwiri, kuwonongedwa kwa mizinda yonse, monga momwe zachitikira ndi Mariupol, komanso kusowa kwa zifukwa zomveka zotsimikizira nkhondoyo sikunalepheretse Putin kufunika. kubwerera pansi. Mphamvu zake zenizeni zimamulola kunyalanyaza upangiri uliwonse wanzeru popanda zotsutsana ndi njira zolimbikitsira.
Palibe amene waika mphamvu zochuluka chonchi zaka 100
Ndipo ndikuti palibe aliyense ku Russia pazaka zopitilira zana adakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kotero kuti adzilole kuchita yekha. Anadzilola kuti asonyeze anzake apamtima pagulu, monga momwe zinachitikira pa February 21, patatha masiku atatu nkhondo yolimbana ndi Ukraine inayamba, pamene pamsonkhano wa Security Council, yomwe inaulutsidwa pa mawayilesi akuluakulu a kanema, adachititsa manyazi mkulu wa asilikali. Bungwe la Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), Serguei Naryskin.
Mu nthawi ya tsarist, korona wa ku Russia anali chitsanzo chimodzi cha absolutism ku Ulaya panthawiyo, koma mphamvu za mafumuwa nthawi zina zinkagawidwa m'manja mwa achibale ndi okondedwa. Mmodzi mwa anthu omwe adakhudza kwambiri Nicholas II muzosankha zake anali mmonke Grigori Rasputin, yemwe ankadziwa kuganizira Alejandra ngati "wowunikira".
Pambuyo pa Revolution ya October (1917), mphamvu ya mtsogoleri wake, Vladimir Lenin, ngakhale kuti inali yotsimikiza, inamizidwa m'njira inayake pansi pa ulamuliro wa Soviets ndi Politburo, bungwe lolamulira lapamwamba kwambiri komanso lokhazikika. Pambuyo pake, ndi Joseph Stalin kale ku Kremlin, ziwembuzo zidalukidwa pamlingo wa Komiti Yaikulu ya Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu ndi Politburo, ena omwe mamembala awo adatsukidwa, kutumizidwa ku Gulag kapena kuwombera. Stalin anaika ulamuliro wankhanza wamagazi, koma nthawi zina moyang'aniridwa ndi Politburo kapena ena mwa mamembala ake, monga zinalili ndi Lavrenti Beria.
Kuwongolera Komiti Yaikulu ndi Politburo
Alembi onse a CPSU anali ndi zolemetsa zambiri panthawi yopanga zisankho, koma popanda utsogoleri wa chipanicho kuwataya. Mpaka kuti, monga zinachitikira Nikita Khrushchev, iwo akhoza kuchotsedwa. Ena onse kuyambira pano (Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Konstantin Chernenko ndi Mikhail Gorbachev) adakakamizika kukhazikika mkati mwa otsogolera akuluakulu ochokera ku Congresses Party, Komiti Yaikulu ndi Politburo.
Pambuyo kupasuka kwa USSR, wotsogolera Putin, Borís Yeltsin, adaguba pa Constitution yatsopano yokhala ndi chikhalidwe chapurezidenti. Anachita zimenezi atamenyana ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi zida, zomwe adaziwombera mopanda chifundo. Koma Yeltsin, komabe, anali pansi pa mphamvu zenizeni monga malonda, atolankhani komanso kulamulidwa ndi Nyumba yamalamulo. Ankalemekezanso oweruza. Chisankhocho, ngakhale panali zolakwika zambiri, adanenedwa kuti ndi "demokalase" ndi International Community. Purezidenti woyamba wa Russia pambuyo pa Soviet adayeneranso kulimbana ndi usilikali, makamaka atayambitsa nkhondo yoopsa ku Chechnya.
Purezidenti wapano waku Russia, komabe, kuyambira nthawi yoyamba, adayamba kusokoneza demokalase yopanda ungwiro yomangidwa ndi mlangizi wake. Choyamba, idalimbikitsa mphamvu zake zomwe zidali kale mpaka kufika pakukhazikika kofanana ndi zomwe zidalipo mu nthawi ya Stalin, ngakhale mawonekedwe a demokalase. Kenako adapanga katunduyo kuti asinthe manja, makamaka m'gawo lamagetsi, mokomera amalonda a Sone. Choncho, inachitika mobisa nationalization wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zachuma.
Atayamba ndi atolankhani odziyimira pawokha. Makanema apawailesi yakanema, ma wayilesi ndi manyuzipepala akulu adapezedwa ndi makampani aboma, monga kulamulira kwamphamvu kwa Gazprom, kapena mabungwe omwe amayendetsedwa ndi oligarchs okhulupirika kwa purezidenti.
kuposa Stalin
Chotsatira chinali kulimbikitsa zomwe zimatchedwa "mphamvu zoyimirira", zomwe zimatsogolera kuthetsedwa kwa zisankho za abwanamkubwa a zigawo, lamulo lachipani lopanda tsankho, kuwunika kopitilira muyeso kwa mabungwe omwe si aboma komanso kuvomereza lamulo loletsa kuchita zinthu monyanyira. amapalamula aliyense yemwe alibe malingaliro ovomerezeka.
Mipingo iwiri ya Nyumba Yamalamulo, yomwe idalandidwa ndi chipani cha Kremlin "United Russia", ndi zida zenizeni za Purezidenti ndipo Chilungamo ndi lamba wofalitsa zofuna zawo zandale monga momwe zasonyezedwera m'mayesero owoneka bwino, kuphatikiza omwe amawasunga m'ndende. mtsogoleri wamkulu wotsutsa, Alexei Navalni.
Monga Navalni wakhala akutsutsa, ku Russia kugawanika kwa mphamvu kulibe, komanso chisankho chenichenicho cha demokarasi, popeza, malinga ndi mafunso ake, kusokoneza zotsatira za kuvota kumakhala kofala. A Putin adamupangitsa kuti asinthe Constitution mu 2020 kuti athe kuperekanso mawu ena awiri, omwe adzakhale mtsogoleri wa dzikolo mpaka 2036.
Kuti athetse demokalase yowopsa yomwe adamanga pa omwe adamutsogolera, Putin nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito zanzeru. Kufunika kwa "dziko lamphamvu" nthawi zonse kunali kutengeka naye. Panjira imeneyi, ambiri anatsekeredwa m’ndende. Ena adawomberedwa kapena kudyedwa poyizoni popanda, nthawi zambiri, kutha kumveketsa bwino omwe adayambitsa milanduyo. Chiwerengero cha akapolo a ndale chikuchulukirachulukira ndipo tsopano, pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Ukraine, chawonjezeka mpaka pulezidenti wa Russia adatha kuchotsa dziko la otsutsa.
Zotsatira za ndondomeko yoopsayi ndikuti Putin wachotsa zotsutsana nazo. Ali ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi ya Stalin ndi zina zambiri, popeza sayenera kuyankha ku "komiti yapakati". Iye mwini amatsimikizira kuti "anthu" okha ndi omwe angakayikire zosankha zake, kumuika kukhala wolamulira kapena kumuchotsa. Ndipo izi zimayesedwa ndi zisankho zomwe adani ake amaziona ngati zachinyengo. Kotero pulezidenti yekha ndiye malo okhawo a chisankho ku Russia, yekhayo amene amapereka malamulo okhudzana ndi zida zankhondo ku Ukraine.
