Zolemba zazikulu kwambiri nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyendera maulendo. Kapena ulendo. Timawerenga kuti tithawe kapena kuti mizimu yathu ichite zokopa alendo zoyeneradi. Pachifukwa ichi, pazochitika zonse kapena zochitika m'mbiri zomwe zingathe kufotokozedwa kupyolera mu kulongosola ndi mawu, zochitika zamphamvu zochepa zomwe zimachitika kwa ine kuposa zomwe zinafotokozedwa ndi Andrea Wulf mu 'Magnificent Rebels'. Zomwe zili m'buku lanu ndizolondola kwambiri. Malo: Jena, tauni yaing'ono yapayunivesite yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 30 kuchokera ku Weimar. Mphindi: nthawi pakati pa chilimwe cha 1794 ndi October 1806. Pokhapokha pakati pa nzika zake amawerengedwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri muzochitika zomwezo, otchulidwa a Ficthe, Goethe, Schiller, abale a Schlegel, Humboldts, Novalis, Schelling, Schleiermacher ndipo, ndithudi, Hegel. Aliyense amene akufuna kudziwa zomwe zinachitika m'masiku amenewo komanso momwe gulu la Jena linayambira, awerenge bukuli. ESSAY 'Magnificent rebels' Wolemba Andrea Wulf Mkonzi wa Taurus Chaka cha 2022 Masamba 600 Mtengo 24,90 mayuro 4 Mbiri inatipatsa Athens wa Pericles, gulu la Bloomsbury kapena Paris ya 20s. Komabe, Jena anali ndi phindu lofunika kwambiri osati chifukwa cha chonde chake chapadera komanso momwe sayansi, luso, filosofi ndi ndakatulo zimayesera kupanga lingaliro lodziwika bwino la kulingalira za dziko lapansi komanso, koposa zonse, kugonjera. Bukuli limayamba ndi nthano, zochitika za Goethe ndi Friedrich Schiller pamsonkhano wa botany wa Natural History Society. Ndipo, tiyeni tiyang'ane nazo, monga momwe msonkhano wapakati pa zimphona ziwiri izi za zilembo za Chijeremani zikuwonetsa kuti zili ndi ukulu wowona, ndikukayikira kuti owerenga ambiri amatha kuganiza mozama kwambiri kuti azitha kuwerenga mwachidwi. Ubwino wake woyamba ndikuti, kulumikizana ndi zongopeka komanso zanthawi zonse monga zofunikira pazambiri zilizonse, koma mopepuka monga momwe ena mwa anthu omwe ali m'nkhaniyi angaganizire, kuwerenga kwa 'Magnificent Rebels' ndikosavuta. Ubwino wake woyamba ndikuti, kulumikizidwa ndi anecdotal komanso zochitika ngati zofunikira pazambiri zilizonse. Kuchokera pa msonkhano umenewo, malembawo adzakhala olembedwa kuti apangitse chikhalidwe ndi nzeru za mzinda wa Saale mtsinje kuti zikhale zomveka bwino. Mipiringidzo yoyamba yaulendowu kudutsa nthawi imaperekedwa kwa Fichte, munthu wamkulu wachikoka wa filosofi yemwe, atatenga ndodo ya Kant, adasintha nthawi yake kuchokera ku lingaliro latsopano la kudzikonda (Wulf nthawi zonse amasunga mawu achijeremani "Ich", komanso mu Chingerezi choyambirira). Chomwecho chinali chikoka cha Fichte kuti wophunzira adadza kumutcha kuti Bonaparte wa filosofi. Izo zinali zaka zimene anzeru a ku Germany anatenga malo ozungulira Kuukira kwa France; nthawi yomwe magazini ya 'Die Horen', yothandizidwa ndi Schiller, inayamba kutsogola chitetezo cha dziko la Germany logwirizana ndi chinenero ndi chikhalidwe. Ulusi Wofanana Chithunzi cha Caroline Böhmer-Schlegel-Schelling chimabzalidwa ngati ulusi wofanana kudzera muubwenzi uliwonse womwe uli waluntha, ndithudi, komanso wokhudza, wachikondi komanso wokhutiritsa. Polyamory, wamng'ono kwambiri adzapeza, sichinthu chaposachedwa. Mlingo wa zolembedwa za Andrea Wulf ndi wofufuza koma osati wolemetsa. Ndikudziwa ofufuza aukhondo komanso ofotokozera okhwima, koma mfundo yakuti mbiri yakale ndi zolemba zolondola zimagwirizana ndi luso lapamwamba la kulemba ndi chinthu chachilendo. Ndipo Wulf amamva. 'Magnificent rebels' ndi chithunzi cha nthawi yomwe kukambirana, osati mwamtendere nthawi zonse, pakati pa Enlightenment ndi Romanticism kunkakondwerera. Ubale womwe sayansi ndi zilembo zidayenera kuyeza mphamvu zawo. Kwa Goethe, chidwi chophunzira za chilengedwe chinali chodziyimira pawokha komanso chowona. Kwa Novalis, komabe, mawu andakatulo amakhalabe ndi ulemu wachinsinsi omwe sakanatha kugawana nawo luso lina lililonse. Ganizilani za holo imene Goethe mwini, Fichte, Alexander von Humboldt ndi Auguste Wilhem Schlegel angakhale pamzere umodzi. Ngati chinthu chonga ichi chikusangalatsani, bukuli likhala lofunikira. Ndipo monga paulendo uliwonse, pali kopita. Ngati mu 'Moby Dick' wina atembenuza masamba akudikirira kuti chinsomba chiwonekere, m'buku la Andrea Wulf maphunziro akuluakulu amabwera kumapeto kwa nkhaniyo. Sindiwononga kalikonse. Iyi ndi nkhani ya zimphona, koma omaliza awiri omaliza amangodandaula ndi katchulidwe kawo: Hegel ndi Napoleon. Ngati Jena anali pakatikati pa dziko lapansi, inali nthawi yomwe maso a anthu awiriwa adakumana. Koma, pamenepo, nkhani yake inali yosiyana kale. Ndipo monga munkhani zonse zazikulu, mapeto adzakhala omvetsa chisoni. Maholo omwe tsiku lina mawu a mizimu yofunidwa kwambiri adamveka adasinthidwa kukhala nyumba zosungiramo anthu ovulala omwe adawunjika. Mtsinje wa Saale, womwe umachitira umboni za kuyenda kwa anzeru ndi olemba ndakatulo, unali wodzaza ndi mitembo yodulidwa.
