Pa Epulo 20, 2023, Spanish Strategy for Safety and Health at Work 2023-2027 idasindikizidwa. Mgwirizanowu umakhazikitsa zochita zomwe zidzachitike mu Prevention of Occupational Risks (PRL) mpaka 2027. Chachikulu ndikuwongolera thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ntchito, ndikuchepetsanso ngozi. Khazikitsani zinthu 6 kuti mukwaniritse.
Kupewa
Mu 2015, ngozi zantchito 3.300 zidachitika nthawi yantchito, pa antchito 100.000. M'zaka zisanu zapitazi chiwerengerochi chawonetsa kuti chikukwera, kufika pa ngozi 3.400 pa antchito 100.000 mu 2019, kufika 2.810. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapitirizabe kukhala njira yaikulu ya zochitika za ngozi za ntchito, zomwe zikuyimira 31% ya iwo.
Pachifukwa ichi, ikufuna kukonza kupewa ngozi kuntchito komanso kutsekeredwa m'ndende, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.
Ngozi zambiri zitha kupewedwa, ndichifukwa chake Njira iyi ikufuna kukonza kafukufuku wazomwe zikuchitika komanso kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa zochitikazi, kukulitsa chidziwitso chokhudza kuopsa komanso kuwonongeka kwaumoyo.
Za matenda ogwira ntchito, Njirayi imayang'ana kwambiri khansa, poganizira kuti ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa zokhudzana ndi ntchito ku EU. Zina mwazinthu zomwe tikuwonetsa mopupuluma ndi kulimbikitsa ma protocol kuti alengeze zokayikitsa za kutsekeredwa kwa akatswiri. Kupewa kwa khansa yapantchito kudzalimbikitsidwanso, podikirira asibesitosi, kupopera kwa crystalline crystalline kutsitsi ndi kutsitsi kwa nkhuni kudzera m'njira zoteteza. Mfundo ina yofunika ndikuwongolera kupezeka kwa data komanso kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso.
Kusintha kwanyengo
Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zimabweretsa kufunika kokhala tcheru pakufunika kowonjezera chitetezo cha anthu ku nyengo yoipa kwambiri.
Zofunikira za ntchito zimachulukirachulukira ndikuchulukirachulukira kwamaganizidwe, kukulitsidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano yantchito. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2020 Active Population Survey, 32% ya anthu omwe tawatchulawa adzakumana ndi kupsinjika kwa nthawi kapena kulemedwa ndi ntchito zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lamaganizidwe, chiwerengerochi chimakhala chofanana kwambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi. Komabe, zofunidwazi sizikugawidwa mofanana m'magawo onse, kuwonetsa kufalikira kwa magawo osiyanasiyana monga chisamaliro chaumoyo (49% ya anthu olembedwa ntchito) kapena zachuma (46%).
Sitingaiwale kuti digito imapereka mwayi kuchokera ku ORP (kuyang'anira, maphunziro a pa intaneti, mapulogalamu ozindikiritsa ...), koma ikhoza kubweretsa zoopsa zatsopano kapena zomwe zikubwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yokha, bungwe la ntchitoyo, kapena mitundu yatsopano ya ntchito, ndi kufalikira kwakukulu kwa zoopsa za ergonomic ndi psychosocial.
Ndi cholinga choyang'anira kusintha kwa digito, zachilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, monga kusintha kwanyengo, potsata njira zopewera, Strategy imakhazikitsa:
- Unikani malamulo okhudza chitetezo ndi chitetezo, kuzindikira zofooka
- Kuwerenga mitu yomwe ikubwera pakusintha kwa digito, chilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzira kusintha kwanyengo.
- Kudziwitsa zamakampani pankhani yazaumoyo, makamaka zamaganizo. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani athandizidwa kutengera kusintha kwaukadaulo ndi chilengedwe kudzera mumitundu yatsopano yantchito.
Kusamalira madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri
Kukalamba kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mosakayikira kudzatsindika kwambiri nthawi ya ntchito yokhudzana ndi chisamaliro ndi chithandizo cha anthu, chifukwa chake cholinga chake ndi kukweza chitetezo cha magulu omwe adzipereka kuderali. Njira zina zoperekedwa ndi Strategy ndi:
- Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito okha
- Dziwani kuti ndi antchito ati omwe ali ndi chidziwitso choyipa kwambiri pazaumoyo, ndikuwunika zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo kuti aphatikizire ORP munjira zina zaboma.
- Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha anthu olumala, ogwira ntchito m'manja, othawa kwawo (kuphatikiza antchito a nyengo), antchito achinyamata ndi ana, pakati pa ena ...
kaonedwe ka jenda
Chinanso chachilendo ndikuphatikizidwa kwa malingaliro a jenda pazaumoyo ndi chitetezo pantchito. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala pali kuphatikizidwa kwakukulu kwa amayi muzochita zamagulu onse a ntchito. Mu 2000, azimayi adayimira 38% ya anthu omwe adalembedwa ntchito, kukwera mpaka 2020% mu 46. Kuti tikwaniritse kuphatikiza uku, kumapangidwira
- Kukonzanso ndondomeko yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu.
- Phatikizani malingaliro anthawi zonse pakusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula zidziwitso, kuphunzira zaumoyo ndi chitetezo kuti mudziwe zambiri za kuopsa kwa ntchito komanso kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la amayi.
- Ntchito zodziwitsa anthu zidzakhazikitsidwa pakufunika kophatikiza malingaliro a amuna ndi akazi mu ndondomeko zopewera.
Limbitsani Chitetezo
Cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi zovuta zamtsogolo, kudzera mu kukonza kwa mabungwe ndi njira zolumikizirana. Mliriwu wawonetsa kufunikira kwa National Occupational Health and Safety System poyankha zadzidzidzi zaumoyo wa anthu. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kukhala ndi mabungwe amphamvu komanso njira zogwirizanirana bwino komanso zothandiza, zomwe zimatha kuyendetsa bwino ntchito zomwe zikusintha komanso zomwe zingawononge thanzi la ogwira ntchito.
Zonsezi zachitika kudzera:
- Khazikitsani njira zogwirira ntchito zogwirira ntchito pamavuto amtsogolo. Kuonjezera apo, Dongosololi lidzapangidwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa kuti livomereze njira zogwiritsira ntchito zofanana ndi kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chuma cha boma.
- Limbikitsani ndi kukhazikitsa njira zolumikizirana ndi njira zolumikizirana pakati pa mabungwe aboma omwe ali ndi luso laumoyo ndi chitetezo pantchito
- Kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa dongosololi poyang'ana pa maphunziro ndi maphunziro a akatswiri ndi akatswiri, amalonda ndi zothandizira zoteteza makampani, nthumwi zopewera komanso ogwira ntchito okha kuti athe kuwongolera zoopsa.
- Kulimbikitsanso udindo wa anthu ogwirizana nawo komanso mabungwe otenga nawo mbali, kuti akhazikitse ndondomeko zodzitetezera ndikuphatikiza kupita patsogolo kwachitetezo chomwe chimapangitsa kuti malo ogwira ntchito azikhala otetezeka komanso athanzi.
SMEs
Panganoli likufuna kukonza kasamalidwe kaumoyo ndi chitetezo m'ma SME, pophatikiza ORP m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, kulimbikitsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwazinthu zawo. Mwachidule, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kwachindunji kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zodzitetezera, kulimbikitsa kuphatikizika kwa kupewa ndikukhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha chitetezo ndi thanzi mu kampani.
Ndikoyenera kutchula apa kuti 97% yamakampani aku Spain ali ndi antchito osakwana 50 ndipo 95% ali ndi osakwana 26. Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwabwino kwa dziko lathu m'magawo onse opangira. Atomization iyi m'makampani ang'onoang'ono si osagwirizana; zakhala zotheka kuzipanga mwangozi, popeza 60% ya ngozi zazikulu ndi ngozi zakupha zimachitika m'makampani omwe ali ndi antchito 25.
Njirayi imakhazikitsa mfundozi kuti abweretse ORP pafupi ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndikuwathandizira pakuwongolera kwawo.
- Unikani ndikusintha muyezo kuti muthandizire kugwiritsa ntchito ma SME, kukonza ndi kulimbikitsa kuphatikizika kwachitetezo, kudzera munjira yoyenera pakati pa zothandizira ndi njira mu bungwe loteteza.
- Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a olemba ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito kuti aziyendetsa bwino chitetezo ndi thanzi la mabungwe awo.
- Limbikitsani zida zothandizira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kuti azitha kuyang'anira ngozi moyenera potengera zomwe akuchita komanso kuwopsa kwawo.
Kupewa khansa yapantchito
National Agenda for the Prevention of Professional Cancer imakhazikitsa njira zingapo:
- Limbikitsani kupewa khansa yapantchito, kuchepetsa ndi kuwongolera kukhudzana ndi zowopsa za carcinogenic ndi mutagenic.
- Tsimikizirani wothandizila ndi njira za ntchito iliyonse momveka bwino komanso mwachilungamo.
- Tetezani ogwira ntchito ku carcinogenic ndi mutagenic agents, kutsatira kutsatira malamulo nthawi zonse.
- Limbikitsani maphunziro, mauthenga ndi mauthenga kwa ogwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuopsa kwa zochitika ndi zinthu zomwe amakumana nazo.
