M’chigamulo chaposachedwapa chimene chinaperekedwa pa January 18, 2023, Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri linagwirizana ndi apilo yoti bungwe lazachuma ligwirizane ndi mfundo zomwe bungwe lazachuma linanena, ndipo linanena kuti lilibe mlandu wolipira anthu amene anapuma pantchito msangamsanga ndalama za zopereka za penshoni zomwe zinali nazo. anaimitsidwa pa nthawi ya chisangalalo.
Njira yayitali iyi, yomwe idayamba mu 2013, idakhudza imodzi mwamabungwe ofunikira kwambiri azachuma pakadali pano ku Spain, chifukwa cha kuphatikiza mabanki angapo osungira ndalama m'chigawo kudzera mu Institutional Protection System (SIP).
Kuvomereza apilo ngati iyi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta, malinga ndi gulu la Labor Law la JL CASAJUANA Law Firm lomwe limatsogolera chitetezo cha bungwe lazachuma, chifukwa cha zofunika kwambiri kuti zidziwitso zamilandu ndi ziganizo zomwe apiridwa. ndi zomwe zaperekedwa kukhala zotsutsana ndi zimenezo.
Pachifukwa ichi, pambuyo pa zigamulo zosiyana m'makhoti osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo makamaka kuchotsedwa kwa otsutsawo, Khoti Lalikulu la Chilungamo la Castilla-La Mancha, lomwe nkhani zambiri zidagwera ngati imodzi mwa mabungwe a banki omwe amakhudzidwa ndi malo akuluakulu. Autonomous Community, ikuyerekeza madandaulo a anthu opuma pantchito msanga ndikuchotsa zomwe banki yapereka ngati zonena za gululi zatsimikiziridwa.
Chiyambi ndi kusinthika kwa mfundo
ERE itatha mu Januwale 2.011, antchito ambiri adavomera kuti apume msanga pantchito yawo, omwe mikhalidwe yawo ndi kusamalira zopereka mpaka tsiku lopuma pantchito kapena, posachedwa, mpaka zaka 64.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kumapitilira mpaka, mu Disembala 2.013, ndipo kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2.014, mgwirizano wapagulu udakwaniritsidwa womwe, mwa njira zina, zopereka za penshoni zikukonzekera chiyambi cha kutsimikizika kwa mgwirizano womwewo mpaka June. 30, 2017.
Zomwe zanenedwazo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa onse omwe akugwira ntchito ndi omwe adapuma pantchito atangotsala pang'ono kusiya ntchito omwe, panthawiyo, ubale wawo watha chifukwa chogwirizana ndi kupuma msanga komanso kudzipereka kuti asamalire zoperekazo mpaka nthawi yopuma pantchito kapena kukwaniritsa zaka 64.
Opuma pantchito oyambilira akutsutsa, kumbali ina, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tafotokozazi popeza sali antchito olembetsedwa mukampaniyo ndipo, kwina, kukhudza mgwirizano womwe asankha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopuma pantchito msanga, womwe. anali atangotha zaka zitatu, popeza ananena kuti anatsimikizira kuti zoperekazo zidzasamalidwa mpaka tsiku limene anagwirizana.
Komiti Yoyang'anira Mapulani a Pension sinafotokoze zomwe zinagwirizana pazokambirana zamagulu muzofunikira.
Pachifukwa ichi, opuma pantchito oyambirira omwe anali m'modzi mwa mabungwe omwe adaphatikizidwa, ndi malo ambiri ku Castilla-La Mancha, adaperekanso mgwirizano wakale womwe zopereka zawo ku Mapulani a Pension zidzatsimikiziridwa mpaka kutsata 65. zaka, zomwe zidawerengedwa mpaka nthawiyo, zomwe zimatchedwa zopereka zowonjezera, kupatula ku bungweli, zidapangidwa.
Ndipo pomaliza, zomwe zikutanthauza vuto lina lowonjezera, mgwirizano wa December 2.013 unapereka kubwezeretsa zopereka panthawi ya chisangalalo, zomwe opuma pantchito oyambirira anamvetsa kuti ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo ndipo pachifukwa ichi adayesetsa kuwasunga kuti asankhe kusiya ntchito. , yomwe, pamapeto pake, inali nkhani ya nyukiliya.
Pomaliza, Khothi Lalikulu Lalikulu lavomereza apilo yokhudzana ndi kugwirizana kwa chiphunzitso chomwe bungwe la banki lidapereka, lomwe laganiza zothetsa chigamulocho ndipo, chifukwa chake, bungweli silikakamizidwa kuti lipereke zopereka pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa omwe ayimitsidwa pagulu. mphindi yachisangalalo.
Kodi tinganene chiyani pa chiganizochi?
Chiphunzitso cha Khothi Lalikulu chimabwerezedwanso molingana ndi momwe kuzindikira zopindulitsa zokhudzana ndi mapulani a penshoni sikupanga ufulu wosasinthika, koma kumadalira kuthekera kwa kusinthidwa, makamaka kudzera muzokambirana zamagulu kapena kusintha. , ndipo pachifukwa ichi kungoyembekezera kulandira zopereka kuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi malamulo enieni omwe amakhalapo panthawi iliyonse.
Pakhala pali makhothi ambiri omwe agamula kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa zopereka ku mapulani a penshoni kumagwira ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi ubale womwe wathetsedwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mkangano uchoke paufulu wobweza zopereka pomwe ogwira nawo ntchito adavomera kuti asangalale bwino. .
Pankhani imeneyi, luso. 6 ya RD 1588/1999, ya Okutobala 15, yomwe imavomereza Lamulo pakukhazikitsa mapangano a penshoni yamakampani ndi ogwira ntchito ndi opindula, imatsimikizira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapangano a penshoni kudzakhudza zomwe kampaniyo idachita ndi chuma chawo, ndikuwonjezera kuti munthu aliyense wachilengedwe amene amapereka mwaufulu ntchito zake zolipiridwa chifukwa cha ubale wogwira ntchito adzatengedwa ngati chuma chake, kuphatikiza mkati mwa lingaliro lazinthu zaumwini pazifukwa za lamuloli, ogwira ntchito omwe kampaniyo imasunga mapangano a penshoni, ngakhale ntchitoyo Ubale wawo wathetsedwa, zomwe zidamezedwa ndi oweruza pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha chigamulo chonse cha Khothi Lalikulu la Disembala 20, 1.996, chomwe chimatsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa kusinthidwa kwa njira zofananira ndi mapulani a penshoni kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito. mgwirizano wathetsedwa, ndi zovomerezeka d Kuperekeza oimira ogwira ntchito kuti alowererepo pa zokambiranazo mu chiwerengero, osati ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wa vigilante, komanso omwe sali otanganidwa chifukwa adadutsa mumkhalidwe wosangalala kapena kupuma msanga.
Ndipo ndichifukwa chake mwa njira yojambula. 41 Ndipo ndizotheka kusintha maufulu a ogwira ntchito omwe adathetsa kale mgwirizano wa ntchito, ndipo makamaka ngati mikhalidwe yomwe ingasinthidwe imachokera ku kukhalapo kwa mgwirizano wa ntchitoyo ndipo ikugwira ntchito motalika kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira.
Mkanganowu udayamba pomwe mgwirizano wapa Disembala 27, 2.013 usintha, poyimitsa zopereka ku mapulani a penshoni, yapitayi ya Januware 3, 2.011, pomwe adagwirizana kuti ogwira ntchito omwe adapuma pantchito msanga asunge ufuluwo mpaka atapuma pantchito ndi, kwambiri, mpaka kufika zaka 64 zakubadwa.
Ife ndithudi tidzipeza tokha pamaso pa nkhani yotsatizana ya mgwirizano, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi nkhani 82.4 ndi 86.4 ya Statute Workers's Statute, malinga ndi choyamba chomwe "mgwirizano wamagulu womwe umapambana m'mbuyomo ukhoza kupereka ufulu wozindikiridwa mwa iwo . Pamenepa, zomwe zalamulidwa mumgwirizano watsopano zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira”. Kumbali yake, nkhani yachiwiri imatsimikizira kuti "mgwirizano womwe wapambana m'mbuyomo umachotsa chotsatiracho mu zida zake, kupatulapo mbali zomwe zimasungidwa momveka bwino." Choncho, pa nkhani ya Collective Agreements, mfundo yaikulu ya kutsatizana kwa malamulo a malamulo, malinga ndi zomwe chizolowezi chamtsogolo chimachotsa chakale. Chifukwa chake, oweruza anena kuti mgwirizano wotsatira umachotsa pangano lakale lonse, kotero kuti mfundo yosagwirizana pakutsatizana kwa mgwirizano wamagulu sagwira ntchito (ziganizo za Khothi Lalikulu la 16/12/1994, 22/6/2005). , pakati pa ena), popanda, kumbali ina, kutha kuyesa kuti ziganizo zochotsedwa za mgwirizano wamagulu zimapanga zinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri (kwa onse Chiweruzo cha 11/5/1992 -rec. 1918/1991-). Mwanjira imeneyi, kukonza zinthu zina za Mgwirizano wapitawo kuyenera kuchitidwa momveka bwino ndi watsopano, zomwe sizichitika kwa ife.
Pachigamulo cha Khothi Lalikulu lomwe tikunenapo, mphamvu yakutha kwathunthu imachokera ku zomwe zidachitika kale pantchito yopuma pantchito, yomwe imakhala yotsimikizika pankhani yolimbana ndi ufulu wobwezeretsanso zopereka zomwe zidayimitsidwa, chifukwa siziyenera kusokoneza kukonza. za ntchito yokhudzana ndi kukonza momwe zinthu ziliri mu dongosolo la penshoni, zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe, monga tanenera, zidakhudza kwambiri chigamulo chokhazikitsidwa ndi Chamber, timatanthauzira kuti kuchoka pakampaniyo si chifukwa cha chisangalalo, zomwe zingapereke ufulu wobwezera zopereka, ndipo izi chifukwa mgwirizano wa December 27, 2013 ukunena mu ndime yomwe ili mu mfundo 6 ya kalata C: "... kutha kwa nthawi yomwe tatchulayi ya zopereka zodabwitsa, chifukwa chopuma pantchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito pamodzi (zojambula 51 za ET) ndi zifukwa zomveka (ar t. 52 ya ET) idzaperekedwa modabwitsa mofanana ndi zopereka zomwe zikanaperekedwa mpaka tsiku la chochitikacho popanda kuyimitsidwa kwa zopereka zomwe zaperekedwa mu mgwirizanowu. "
Ndipo a Chamber akutsindika kuti kutha kunachitika pasadakhale kuyimitsidwa kwa zoperekazo ndipo, ndithudi, sizinachitike chifukwa cha chisangalalo, popeza atapuma pantchito anali atazimitsidwa kale kuyambira pomwe adapuma pantchito msanga.
Ndipo mu izi, chiphunzitso chachikhalidwe chalamulo pankhaniyi chimatsimikizira kuti "kuyimitsidwa kumayendera limodzi ndi chiyembekezo choyambiranso ntchito yantchito, pomwe kupuma pantchito koyambirira kumawonetsa kutha kwa mgwirizano ngakhale kampaniyo imalumikizidwa ndi wogwira ntchitoyo kudzera muzochita zingapo. zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha mgwirizano umene zikhalidwe zopuma pantchito mwamsanga zimakhazikitsidwa ndipo, motero, tiyerekeze kutha kotsimikizika kwa mgwirizano komwe kungaphatikizidwe muzojambula. tsogolo lomwe liyenera kulamuliridwa pakati pa maphwando, makamaka kuti alipire chipukuta misozi chamalipiro ochedwetsedwa komanso kusamalira ufulu wa wogwira ntchito m'munda wa Social Security, komanso mapulani a penshoni a olemba anzawo ntchito. "
