Ua hoʻomaka ka bele hoʻāla me ka nalo ʻana o ka heluna bee. Akā ʻo ka hopohopo, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻepekema, ua pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻano pepeke ʻē aʻe. Kūlike ʻole i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he priori, ʻo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, i hōʻike mua ʻia e nā mea noiʻi, he mea kūpono loa inā manaʻo kekahi e hoʻokō i kahi hana koʻikoʻi, no nā kaiaola a me nā kānaka ponoʻī. Hiki i kona hoʻopau ʻia ke loaʻa i nā hopena he nui. I ka makahiki 2019, ua paʻi ʻo Conservación Biológica i kahi noiʻi e hōʻike ana he 40% o nā ʻano pepeke a pau e emi ana ma ka honua a ʻo ka hapakolu o kēia mau ʻano i ka pōʻino o ka pau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo UN ma 2019 he hapalua miliona mau ʻano o nā pepeke i ka pōʻino o ka pau ʻana, kekahi i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaopopo ke Kānāwai Endangered Species i nā ʻano holoholona āpau i kēia kūlana. I kēia manawa, aia he 95 mau ʻano pepeke e pili ana i ka pau ʻana, no ka mea, i ka makahiki 2017, e lilo ana ka rusty-patch bumblebee i nā ʻano pipi mua i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he pōʻino. I kēia hihia o ka nalo, ua manaʻo ʻia, ʻo 100 mau ʻano mea kanu a mākou e hana ai, 90% o kā mākou meaʻai, a me 35% o kāna mau huahana, pollinated e nā pi, nā manu a me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. ʻO ka nalo ka mea hoʻomaka nui o ka hoʻohua ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻolaha ana i ka pollen mai nā stamens kāne a i nā pistils wahine. Eia nō naʻe, mai ka makahiki 2006, ua emi nui ka heluna nalo. , Pesticides, ma'i, parasites a me ka ino ma muli o ka hoʻomehana honua ua pāʻani koʻikoʻi i loko o kēia hāʻule hopohopo. ʻO ka mea hope loa, aia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticide me ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi o nā kumu nui, ʻo kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke puke ʻepekema ʻōlelo ʻia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻohālike piha, ʻo kā lākou hoʻemi ʻana ma ka hapa nui o ke aniau. Ma nā ʻōlelo paʻa, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻaʻole i emi ka nui o nā bumblebees ma nā wahi i hoʻomehana nui ʻia i ka hanauna i hala a i ʻole i ʻike i nā loli wela. Ma ʻEulopa, he 17% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua nānā nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka nui o 66 mau ʻano ma nā ʻāina. ʻO ka wela nui, ka māmā nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā ʻano mea haumia ʻē aʻe e like me ke kukui kūlohelohe e hoʻoikaika i ka nalowale o kēia ʻāpana o ke aupuni holoholona, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka mea noiʻi CSIC i kahi noiʻi hou. "ʻO nā pepeke ka hui nui loa o nā mea ola ma kā mākou honua a ʻo kekahi o nā mea palupalu i ka pollution māmā. ʻO ka poʻe nocturnal e hoʻomaopopo i ka mālamalama he hōʻailona o ka palekana a me ka hoʻonohonoho. ʻO ia ka mea i wehewehe ai i ke kumu e noho pio ai lākou i ka lele ʻana a puni, no ka laʻana, he pou kukui, ka mea i make ai i ka puhi ʻia ʻana e ka ʻōpuʻu wela, i ka luhi ma muli o ka lele mau ʻana, a i ʻole i ka hopu ʻia ʻana. No laila e hoʻololi ʻia nā kukui artificial i loko o kahi pā paʻa no ka neʻe ʻana o nā iniseti a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā meaola e hānai ana iā lākou, "wahi a Alicia Pelegrina López, PhD i nā ʻepekema ʻĀina mai ke Kulanui o Granada. He mea pili loa kēia mau ʻikepili inā e noʻonoʻo kekahi i ke kuleana nui o nā iniseti ʻaʻole wale i ka pollination o nā mea kanu a mākou e ʻai ai, akā i ka decomposition o nā koena ma ka papahele o ka ululāʻau a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kumu o kahi kaulahao ma luna. ʻo nā holoholona nui, me nā kānaka, pili. Loaʻa nā hopena o kona nalowale ʻana ma nā pae āpau. Ma Sepania, ʻo ka ʻāpana mālama pipi Spanish e manaʻo nei ma kahi o 0,44% o ka Final Livestock Production a me 0,17% o ka Production of the Agricultural Branch, me ka waiwai makahiki o kāna hana (meli, wax a me pollen) i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 62 miliona euros. , Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, kū ka mea hou no kāna helu ʻana i nā hives, aia he 16 wale nō o ka 100 i ka ʻāina hou. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo 80% aia i ka lima o nā beekeepers ʻoihana (ka poʻe e hoʻokele ana ma mua o 150 hives). ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i ka beekeeping ma Sepania ma mua o ka awelika o ka EU, me kahi o 22% o nā mea mālama pipi ʻoihana. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka mea ʻo kekahi o nā hopena o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma ka media o ka nalo ʻana o nā nalo meli a me nā pilikia i hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo ia ka manaʻo, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e loaʻa nā pā liʻiliʻi o nā pi i nā hale a me kahi pilikino. nā pā. Wahi a ka Georgia Department of Agriculture, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka meli i kēia manawa e hele mai ana mai nā mea mālama pipi liʻiliʻi me nā hives liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke kau nei kekahi poʻe ʻAmelika i nā hives ma luna o nā kīhāpai skyscraper a ma ko lākou mau kua. ʻO nā hōkele e like me ka Four Seasons a me ka Hyatt Regency Polaris ma Atlanta pū kekahi me nā mea honeymooners a me nā honeymooners ma kahi o nā hale ʻaina. Nā panela no ka meli i loko o kahi hōkele nani. - ʻEhā Kau Atlanta ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā pi ma kekahi ʻano, e like me ka poʻe akamai, ʻaʻole ia he hopena i ka nalo ʻana o kēia mau iniseti. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena pōʻino i kāna hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana ma kekahi ʻano, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana e kekahi poʻe noiʻi Sepania i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā kaukani nalo meli i nā uka o ka Teide National Park no ka hana ʻana i ka meli. ʻO kekahi mau kolone i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma hope. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena o kēia noiʻi, i paʻi ʻia ma Nature, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka meli meli i hoʻemi i ka pilina o nā mea kanu a me nā pūnaewele pollinator. , Ua emi pū ka ola a me ka modularity (ʻelua mau hōʻailona o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka kaiaola). ʻOiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano mea kanu i nā hua ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻo nā mea kokoke loa i nā hives aia wale nō nā hua i hoʻopau ʻia. No ka mālama ʻana i ka noho ʻana o nā iniseti (ʻoiai aia kahi Red Book of Threatened Invertebrates ma Sepania, mai 2011), ua paʻa ka Spanish Association of Entomology, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo Entomological Reserves. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana e Eduardo Galante Patiño, Polofesa o Zoology a me Pelekikena o ka Spanish Association of Entomology, i ka wā e nānā ana i ka Biodiversity, ʻo kēia manaʻo he kumu hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻano, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou koi olaola a me ka hiki ke hāʻawi. . Hoʻohewa ʻo Patiño i kekahi manawa ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano hoʻomalu ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia i nā vertebrates nui a i ʻole nā mea kanu ANIMAL i nā inike, "me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻomalu i kahi hui e like me nā iniseti, nona ka hele ʻana o nā ʻoihana paʻakikī o ka launa pū ʻana. ka maikaʻi a me ka pilina o nā microhabitats kahi a lākou e noho ai".
