Ma luna o nā hīnaʻi āpau, ka wai, ka terrestrial a me ka lewa nā wahi noho i ka holomua holomua e nā mea hoʻouka kaua liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ko lākou nui, ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka o ke kanaka (ke ana lākou ma lalo o 5 millimeters), ʻo ka omnipresence o nā microplastics e hoʻonui i nā hopena i nā kaiaola a hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou olaola. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka wai hou a me ka wai paʻakai kekahi o nā media e laha nui ai kēia mau ʻāpana. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, 8 miliona mau tona o ka plastic i pau i loko o ke kai, a ua ho'āla nā kiʻi o ka mokupuni nui o ka plastic i ka Moana Pākīpika i nā hoʻolaha a me nā haʻawina he nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka nānā ʻana i ka macroplastics, aʻo nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi a hiki i kēia manawa ua lilo i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe. ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻepekema kaiapuni.
"He nui nā mea kūlohelohe a mākou e manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻaʻole haumia, ua haumia nō hoʻi, inā mākou e ʻike a ʻaʻole paha," wehewehe ʻo Maite Martínez-Eixarch, kahi mea noiʻi mai ka papahana IRTA moana a me nā wai uka.
I kēia pōʻaiapili, ʻo kekahi o nā luʻi i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻike microplastic a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻenehana i mea e ʻike ai i hea lākou i hele mai ai a pehea lākou e hana ai, a ma hope e hana e hōʻemi i ko lākou hopena. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻokumu kahi hui IRTA e Martínez-Eixarch i ka papahana BIO-DISPLAS ma 2021, me ka Biodiversity Foundation o ka Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge. Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā microplastics i nā kaiapuni wai o ka Delta a wehe i kahi ʻōnaehana e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. ʻO kahi hulina 2019 e ka Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB) i manaʻo ʻia he 2.200 biliona microplastics i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka Mediterranean i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai kēia funnel kūlohelohe. Ma 2019, kahi noiʻi e ka Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB) i manaʻo ʻia he 2.200 miliona microplastics e komo i ka Mediterranean i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai kēia funnel kūlohelohe.
ʻAʻole like me ka haʻawina ICTA-UAB, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma nā kahakai one, i ka moena estuary a me nā wai o ka ʻili, hoʻomaka ka papahana BIO-DISPLAS mai kahi hōʻiliʻili o ka wai a me nā sediment i hana ʻia i loko o nā lagoons ʻelima a me A Delta Rice. Kahua. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā microplastics mai ka ʻōpala maoli, e helu ʻia nā ʻāpana a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma muli o ʻekolu mau ʻano: ka nui, ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke ʻano o ka hale (e like me nā fibers, nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni). ʻO ka hopena he papaʻaina me ka ʻike ʻana o nā polymers i nā wahi noho like ʻole o ka kaiaola.
Eia hou, ma muli o kēia mau ʻikepili, e ʻike ʻo IRTA i kahi hoʻohālike kamepiula e ʻike, helu a ana i nā microplastics i nā kiʻi i hana ʻia me kahi microscope a i ʻole binocular loupe. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻōlelo kuhikuhi mua, e hoʻopiha ʻia ka noi ponoʻī i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi algorithm aʻo automated. Ma keʻano laulā, ua aʻo ka noi e hana i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā ia iho. He ʻenehana ʻike a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaiapuni ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kākau inoa ʻana o nā kolone o nā microorganisms. "E ʻae iā mākou e mālama i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohālikelike a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kaʻina helu e hiki mai ana", pale ʻo Carles Alcaraz, ka mea noiʻi IRTA a me ka mea nāna e mālama i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike.
ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e mālama i kahi kiʻi makaʻala mua o ke ʻano o nā microplastics i ka Delta, kahi kumu e wehe ai i ke ala i nā laina o ka nānā ʻana a me ka noiʻi. "E hiki iā mākou ke ʻike, no ka laʻana, pehea e iho ai i ka dynamics o nā kahe kūlohelohe o ka kaiaola a i ʻole ka pili ʻana i kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe," wahi a Martínez-Eixarch. ʻO ke kiʻi piha o ka pilikia e hiki ai i nā microplastics ke unuhi ʻia e like me kona kumu kumu. Hiki ke hele mai kēia mai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o nā plastics nui (secondary microplastics) a me nā mea maka liʻiliʻi (primary microplastics).
Liʻiliʻi akā pōʻino
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ubiquity o nā microplastics i ka pepa nui loa o ka peninsular hydrographic network i nā haʻawina e ka Man and Territory Association i 2020. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka hāʻawi ʻana a me nā ʻōlelo o nā hopena o kēia mau polymers i nā wahi like ʻole ". Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hiki i nā mea synthetic ke hoʻololi i nā dynamics e like me ka pōʻai o nā meaʻai a me ka decomposition o nā mea organik. Eia kekahi, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma Catalonia i ka hihia o ke kai, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā microplastics i loko o ka trophic ʻulaʻula, i nalowale i kāna mākou a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻona a i ʻole ke hoʻopau i ka ʻōnaehana hormonal.
ʻO ka papahana BIO-DISPLAS, i hoʻomohala ʻia no ka papahana pili kai moana a me ka continental wai o ka IRTA ma Sant Carles de la Rápita, e pau i ka makahiki 2023 a e hāʻawi ʻia me ka Biodiversity Foundation o ka Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge. Eia kekahi, me ka hui pū ʻana o ka Spanish NGO SEO/BirdLife, ka mea i hāʻawi manawaleʻa no nā wahi kikowaena a e komo i nā hana o ka hoʻoili a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hopena.
