ʻO ka paʻi 3D kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻo additive manufacturing, kahi e hiki ai ke hana i kahi mea ʻekolu-dimensional me ka lako polokalamu a me ka lako. ʻO kahi ʻenehana e hoʻomau ana i ka nui a hoʻokomo nui ʻia i kahi pae ʻoihana, e lanakila ana i ka paʻakikī mua o ka scalability. "Hoʻopili ka hana hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana āpau a me nā mea āpau. He manawa hoʻoikaika loa ia no ka ʻāpana", e hōʻike ana iā Juan Antonio García Manrique, ka luna o ka Institute of Design and Manufacturing (IDF) o ka UPV. "Ua hoʻomaka e lilo i mea kaulana i ka makahiki 2015, i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā patent," i hoʻohui ai ʻo ia. A hiki i kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā mīkini a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā hui a me nā kulanui.
I kēia manawa, ʻokoʻa loa ke kūlana. “Piki ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka polokalamu a aia nā poʻe loea i aʻo nui ʻia. Ke holo nei nā mea a pau, ua piʻi ka hoʻohana. Ua hoʻololi hou ka manaʻo o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ma kahi pae ʻEulopa hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā mīkini makamae ", wehewehe ʻo Fernando Blaya, kumu aʻoaʻo a me ka mea noiʻi ma ke Kula ʻOihana ʻOihana ʻenehana o ka UMP.
ʻO kāna mau pono he nui i lawe ʻia e ka hana hoʻohui. "Hāʻawi ia iā mākou e hele mai ka hoʻolālā manaʻo i ka hana ʻana, hoʻemi mākou i nā manawa i ka hapaʻumi, ʻoi aku hoʻi e pili ana i nā molds. A ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa loa, hoʻohana wale ʻoe i nā mea āu e pono ai. Eia hou, hoʻohana mākou i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, "wahi a García Manrique. I loko o ke keʻena e hana pū ana me nā mea paʻi 20, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka 200.000 euros, e hiki ai ke paʻi i nā ʻāpana nui. "Me kēia ʻano mea hana mākou e hana ai i nā ʻāpana me nā ʻano mechanical like me ka plastik mua, kahi mea ʻaʻole i hana ʻia me nā mea paʻi liʻiliʻi," wahi āna.
Hōʻike ʻo Blaya i ka hiki o kēia ʻenehana, "he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi o nā manawa a me nā papahana. ʻO ka hoʻokomo kālā ʻana i ka ʻāpana e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻōnaehana hana pono". Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana "ʻaʻohe kikowaena hoʻolālā e hana ʻole e like me kēia. ʻO ka paʻi 3D hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻoihana, ke hoʻokūkū hou nei mākou i ke Komohana". I ka hihia o Sepania, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ma ka pae o ka ʻike aia mākou i ka pae mua a "he nui nā ʻoihana i puka mai ma nā wahi āpau āpau i hiki ke hana i nā huahana". Eia kekahi, ke hoʻololi nei nā hui nui i kā lākou hana hana ma ka paʻi 3D.
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka kūleʻa, ʻo nā ʻoihana i hoʻololi i nā makahiki he nui i ka ʻoihana hana hoʻohui i ka honua. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo BCN3D, kahi hui lehulehu Spanish i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Barcelona, e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana paʻi FDM/FFF 3D no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea. E hana i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu ʻāpana ma ka papa ma o ka hui ʻana o nā filament thermoplastic ʻokoʻa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kekahi mahana ma kahi o nā mea paʻi 3D, i hana ʻia e lākou iho e hana i nā ʻāpana hope, prototypes, etc. "Aia ʻo BCN3D i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻo kā mākou mea kūʻai aku kā lākou ʻoihana ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole e like me ka automotive, aerospace, nā mea hoʻolālā huahana, nā mea hana e hoʻohana ana i ka paʻi 3D e hoʻoulu i ka noʻonoʻo," wahi a Xavier Martínez Faneca, ka luna nui o ka hui.
Hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 2019 mai kahi spin off o ka Polytechnic University of Catalonia, ua hana lākou i ʻehā mau huahana: ʻekolu mau mea paʻi 3D ʻoihana mai ka Epsilon series a me hoʻokahi papapihi Sigma a me kahi 'keʻena akamai' e mālama i nā filaments. "Ua hōʻike mākou e hoʻomau mākou i ka hana hou a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe loea a me nā mea hana ʻoihana e koi aku i nā lawelawe paʻi 3D e wikiwiki i kā lākou hana hana ma ke kumukūʻai kūpono a ʻoki i ka manawa a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻāpana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mīkini ʻē aʻe", hōʻike ʻo ia. .
Ma Malaki 2, ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kahi ʻenehana paʻi 3D hou ma ka mākeke i kapa ʻia ʻo VLM a ua patent ʻia a hoʻokumu ʻia i nā resins viscosity kiʻekiʻe. "Ke manaʻo nei mākou e hoʻololi i ka mākeke ʻoihana honua me kēia ʻenehana hou e hāʻawi i ka mana kūʻokoʻa hana i nā ʻoihana a puni ka honua," wahi a ka CEO. E hele e ʻae i nā ʻoihana e hana ma ka ʻāina. Ma waena o kā mākou mea kūʻai ma FFF/FDM: Nissan, Seat, BMW, Camper, NASA, MIT… a ma waena o nā mea kūʻai o ka ʻenehana VLM hou ʻo Saint-Gobain a me Prodrive.
I ka makahiki 2018, ua hōʻike ʻo Triditive hoʻomaka ʻo Asturian iā Amcell, kahi mīkini ʻenehana automated no ka paʻi 3D, kahi ma ka mākeke e hiki ai ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hana a me ka hana ʻana i nā polymers a me nā metala i ka manawa like. "ʻO Triditive ka laina mua o ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi lako polokalamu e hiki ai i nā mea hana ke helu i nā inventories a hoʻokele maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana, i wikiwiki a kūloko," wehewehe ʻo Mariel Díaz, ka luna hoʻokele triditive general.
Hāʻawi ka Asturian firm Triditive i kahi mīkini paʻi 3D automated e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka hana a hana i nā polymers a me nā metala i ka manawa like.
Ua hoʻolaha lākou i ʻelua mau mīkini ma ka mākeke, "Amcell8300, piha automated no ka hana nui ʻana o nā metala a me nā polymers, i kālele ʻia i ka hana scaling, a me Amcell1400 no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui," i hoʻohui ai ʻo ia. Ma kēia ala ua lilo lākou i mea kuhikuhi i ka automation a me ka scalability o ka hana hoʻohui e ʻae i ka hoʻohui wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi i ka laina hana, "no laila e hana ana i ka mea a mākou e kapa ai i nā hale hana o ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka ʻenehana e hiki ai i ka hana ʻana i ka hana kūloko", kuhikuhi. ka 'enekinia opio, he kamaaina no Kolombia.
Eia hou, ua hui pū ʻia me Foxconn, ka mea pilikua uila Taiwanese, e wehe i kahi paʻi 3D me ka ʻenehana Binder Jetting, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻEulopa e hana pēlā. "ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻenehana hana hoʻohui hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻāpana me nā geometries paʻakikī i nā ʻano metala like ʻole ma ke ala maʻalahi a wikiwiki hoʻi. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻenehana e ulu i 30% e 2024", holomua Díaz. ʻO ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia ʻenehana mai nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka mākeke ʻo ka scalability o ka hana a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mechanical. Ua koho ʻia kāna mau ʻanuʻu no ka scalability i kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia e hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana.
