Ma ka lā 15 o Nowemapa, 2013, ua pahū loa ka asteroid i 20 mika ke anawaena a me 13.000 tons i ka lani ma luna o ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia o Chelyabinsk, ma nā Urals. ʻO ka pahū, i loaʻa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 30 km, ua hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu e like me 35 mau pōkā atomika e like me ka pōkā Hiroshima. Ua hoʻopōʻino ka pahū i nā tausani o nā hale a ua hōʻeha ʻia ma kahi o 1,500 mau kānaka, ʻo ka hapa nui mai nā ʻāpana aniani i nalowale mai nā puka makani. Ua hele ʻelua ʻo ia a puni ka honua.
ʻAʻohe make i hōʻike ʻia, akā he mea laki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka nūpepa Lūkini iā mākou i kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i kanu ka pā o ka hale hana zinc i hāʻule i kekahi. Laki nō hoʻi i ke komo ʻana o ka pōhaku ma kahi kihi liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i ka lewa, no laila ua hiolo kiʻekiʻe. Inā hāʻule ma kahi kihi ʻoi aʻe a kū pololei paha, ua holoi ʻia ke kūlanakauhale mai ka palapala ʻāina. Ua hōʻea kekahi mau meteorites i ka lepo mai ka pōhaku, ʻo ka nui loa o ia mea he 650 kg a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai ka lalo o Lake Chebarkul.
He ʻumi makahiki ma hope mai, hiki ke hana ʻia ka mea like, a i ʻole ka ʻino, ma nā wahi a pau o ka honua. He ʻumi manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka pōkā, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i ke kaʻa Chelyabinsk e hele mai ana, ʻo ka mea nui loa i paʻi i ka Honua ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli. I kēia lā ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike. ʻAʻole ka wikiwiki ka pilikia, akā ʻo kona kumu. Huna ʻia e ka ʻōlinolino o ka Lā he helu ʻike ʻole o nā asteroids nona nā ala ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hiki i ka nui o lākou ke hele i ko mākou honua me ka ʻike ʻole.
Aia ka ʻāina i ʻekolu mau mea nānā i ka honua i kākoʻo ʻia e NASA: Pan-STARRS, Hawaii; Catalina Sky Survey (CSS), Arizona; ʻO Atlas (Hawaii, Chile a me ʻApelika Hema) - e nānā i ka lewa pō no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā asteroids, ʻaʻohe mea hana e nānā i nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e hele mai ana mai ka ʻāpana like o ka Lā. hana nā luna e like me ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole ke noi ʻana i ka poʻe e neʻe aku mai nā puka makani a i ʻole nā wahi pilikia, "wahi a Juan Luis Cano, ka mea hoʻoponopono o ka NEOCC Information Service o ka European Space Agency (ESA) ma Italia.
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, i ka lā o ka hopena o Chelyabinsk, ua kau ʻia nā ʻōnaehana asteroid i kahi mea ʻē aʻe: ʻo ka asteroid 2012DA14, ka mea, i hoʻolālā ʻia ma 45 m ka anawaena, e hele kokoke ana i ko mākou honua. ʻO ka hope loa, ua loaʻa kahi moʻolelo mamao o 27.700 km, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana e nā satelite geostationary (35.800 km). "He mea maʻamau i hana ʻia: ʻelua ala i ka lā hoʻokahi (me ka ʻole o ka pili ʻana i kekahi i kekahi, e like me ka mea e hōʻike ʻia ma hope), i hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o ka honua ma mua o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā helu helu," wahi āna. ʻO José María Madiedo, mai ka Institute of Astrophysics o Andalusia IAA-CSIC. "Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike kēia i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hiki ke nānā i nā ala o nā mea i hele mai mai ka wahi o ka lani kahi o ka Lā, kahi mea hiki ʻole ke hana me nā telescopes ma ka honua, akā pono e hana ʻia mai ka honua. wahi," e hōʻike ana.
No laila, ke mākaukau nei ʻo NASA a me ESA e hoʻouna i nā mikiona hoʻohui e pale i ka palekana o nā pōhaku weliweli. Kapa ka ʻAmelika iā ia iho ʻo NEO Surveyor a ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa. Ua ʻae ʻia kona kūkulu ʻana i ka mahina ʻo Nowemapa i hala a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma mua o ka waena o 2028. He telescope ākea 50 kenimika ke anawaena i ʻelua mau nalu infrared e pili ana i ka wela. I loko o ʻelima mau makahiki, manaʻolana lākou e ʻike i nā pōʻino liʻiliʻi o ka āpana i ka hopena o kahi hopena.
hoʻoneʻe i nā mea
ʻAʻole mākaukau ka misionari ʻEulopa a hiki i ʻelua makahiki ma hope, akā hiki iā ia ke ʻimi i nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Neomir, aia ia ma ka lae L1 Lagrange, kaulike ma waena o ka Honua a me ka Lā, e piʻi pinepine i kahi ʻāpana o ka lewa a puni ko mākou hōkū e ʻimi i nā mea neʻe mai 20 mika ke anawaena.
Aia ma kahi o 900 neos (nā mea kokoke i ka Honua) ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o hoʻokahi km, a ua ʻike mākou iā lākou āpau. Akā, ua ʻike wale mākou he 40% o nā mea i ana ma waena o hoʻokahi kilomita a me 140 mika, i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 25.000. Ma lalo a hiki i 20 mika, ulu wikiwiki nā helu: aia ma waena o 5 a 10 miliona. ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi, "wahi a Cano. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo nā mea mai 20 mika hiki ke pilikia, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka hanana ma Rūsia. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule ma mua e hiki ke hana i nā hana pale ma ka ʻāina.
Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino ma mua o 50 mika, pono kahi hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe. "ʻAʻohe pono o ka haʻalele ʻana a pono mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi mikiona lewa, e like me DART, ka hoʻāʻo pale honua mua o NASA. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono mākou e hoʻomākaukau mua, "i wehewehe ka ʻenekinia. I ka makahiki 1908, ua luku ʻia kekahi mea ma waena o 40 a me 50 mika i ka nui o ka mokupuni ʻo Gran Canaria ma Tunguska, Siberia. "ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i kēlā ʻāina nui e koi i ka nui o ka hoʻokele," wahi āna.
Ua loaʻa hou ka Meteorite mai ka Lake Chebarkul Archive
ʻO ka pōʻino i hiki i kahi asteroid ke hana ma muli o kona nui, a me kāna haku. ʻO ka mea ma Chelyabinsk, ʻo ke ʻano chondritic, i haku ʻia me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, pahū ma muli o ke kaomi ʻana o ka lewa, akā hiki i kahi pōhaku metala ke hiki i ka lepo me ka paʻa, e hoʻoulu ai i kahi lua 20 mika ka nui ma mua o kona nui. I kēia hihia, he hapalua kilomika. Wahi a Cano, “e pau ka luku. "ʻAʻohe mea i koe." ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea, he 50 mika ke anawaena, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka lua mile ʻo Barringer Crater ma Arizona 50.000 mau makahiki i hala. I kēia lā he wahi mākaʻikaʻi.
Asteroid 2023 CX1, kiʻi ʻia ma ka lani uliuli a ma Netherlands Gijs de Reijke
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻeono mau hola ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana ma luna o ke Channel English
I ke kakahiaka nui o ka la i hala Ma ka Poakahi, Feberuari 13, ua haule iho la ka asteroid o ka mika i ke kowa Enelani, mawaena o Enelani a me Farani, me ka hopena ole. Ua ʻike ʻia i ʻeono hola ma mua e ka astronomer Krisztián Sárneczky mai ka Piszkesteto astronomical station (Hungary), ʻo 2023 CX1 ka ʻehiku asteroid aia ma mua o ka hui ʻana me ko mākou honua. ʻIke ʻia ka hanana pōpō ahi mai ka hema o United Kingdom a me Farani, akā mai Sepania, Belgium, Netherlands a me Kelemania. Me he mea lā ua ola kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka meteoroid i loko o ka nahele o ka lewa a hāʻule i kahi ma kahakai a puni ke kahakai ʻo Rouen, ma Normandy, Farani. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pōhaku i kekahi mau hola ma mua ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe loea he 12 tona ko lākou kaumaha.
"Ua aʻo nui mākou mai Chelyabinsk. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā kamera he nui (mai nā telescopes a me nā satelite a hiki i nā kelepona paʻa a me nā kaʻa kaʻa - nui ka lawe ʻana i hoʻokahi ma Rūsia e pale i nā pilikia me nā ʻoihana ʻinikua) ua ʻae iā mākou e ʻike pehea i hana ʻia ai a hana i nā simulation pololei loa e hoʻomaopopo ai. keia mau mea, i ninau aku ai o Cano. Eia kekahi, mai ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu, "he ala ala. Ua ʻike ka hui e pono mākou e hāʻawi i nā ala e pale aku ai iā mākou iho, "hoʻohui ʻo ia.
I kona manaʻo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka poʻe kālai'āina i ka pono o nā mikionale e like me Neomir, me kahi hoʻopukapuka ʻaʻole kūʻokoʻa no ʻEulopa (300 a i ʻole 400 miliona euros) akā ʻaʻole ʻike koke ʻia nā hopena. A ʻoi aku ko mākou makemake ʻaʻole e ʻike iā lākou. ʻO nā Asteroids ka nui o Chelyabinsk i pā i ka Honua i kēlā me kēia 50 makahiki ma ka awelika. Akā hiki i ka lā ʻapōpō. Me kēia ʻano o nā mikiona, hiki i ka hopena o kahi asteroid ke lilo i ka pōʻino kūlohelohe nui i hiki i ke kanaka ke pale.
