Injini, ihood, amasondo, izibani zangaphambili, izibuko noma iminyango. Zonke ziyingxenye yezimoto kanye nemithetho yaseYurophu ikhombisa ukuthi u-95% wezimoto kumele zigaywe kabusha. Izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-4.000 ezixuba ipulasitiki, imicu yendwangu, insimbi, insimbi, i-aluminium, uwoyela, izinto zokubasa. Okufanele manje sengeze ezinye ezifana ne-graphite noma i-lithium. Lezi 'zithako' zokugcina zibalulekile kumabhethri ezimoto ezintsha zikagesi, "okwamanje aziyona inkinga enkulu, kodwa kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo ngoba konke kuzofakwa ugesi," kuphendula uJosé María Cancer Abóitiz, umqondisi jikelele we-Cesvimap. , ngoSuku Lomhlaba Lokwenza Kabusha Izinto.
Ngonyaka odlule, eSpain, ingqikithi yezimoto zikagesi ezingu-36.452 zabhaliswa, isibalo esingaphezu kwalokho sango-2021. Kodwa, yebo, iphesenti lezimoto ezifakwe ugesi alifinyeleli ku-1% futhi izimoto ezixhunyiwe nezihlanzekile zimelela u-0,5 % no-0,4% inani ngokulandelana. "Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwamabhethri ezimotweni zikagesi kuzodlula amaphakethe ayizigidi ezi-2025 ngo-3,4," idatha evela ku-Recyclia and Recyberica Ambiental ikhomba.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambili lusikisela ukuthi kuze kufike ku-70% wezinto eziqukethwe kula mabhethri “zingasetshenziswa kabusha,” kusho uCancer. Njengamanje kunezindlela ezimbili zokululama: i-hydrometallurgy ne-pyrolysis. Ekuqaleni, ngokucwiliswa ohlotsheni oluthile loketshezi olugqwala izinto ezifana nensimbi noma i-aluminium, kodwa lokho "kuvumela ukuthi i-lithium iphinde itholakale, isibonelo," kugqamisa umqondisi jikelele we-Cesvimap. Kulesi simo senqubo yesibili, izinto ziyasha futhi i-aluminium noma ithusi ayifaki i-oxidize, kodwa "i-graphite iyashisa," kuxwayisa. "Okwamanje, akukho nqubo esivumela ukuthi sibuyise i-100% yezingxenye ezikulawa mabhethri," uyanezela. "Manje, ukusebenzisa kabusha kusiza kakhulu."
"Kungcono ukusebenzisa kabusha"
Ngokuvamile, bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto baqinisekisa amabhethri alawa makhoshi kagesi okungenani iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma amakhilomitha angu-100.000. "Uma ukusebenza kwehla ngaphansi kwama-80%, umshayeli kufanele acabangele ukuyishintsha," kusho abakhiqizi. Kodwa lokhu “akusho ukuthi azinakusetshenziswa,” kusho uCarcer. “Bangaba nempilo yesibili yokunethezeka,” uyaxwayisa.
“Ezingozini ezingu-75% zezimoto zikagesi ibhethri lingasetshenziswa kabusha”
José María Cancer Aboitiz
Isikhulu esiphezulu se-Cesvimap
Kusukela ngo-2020, ngaphezu kwendlunkulu e-Ávila, bafuna ukubanika umhlalaphansi wegolide. “Kuyiphutha ngempela ukulahlekelwa yibo bonke ubuchwepheshe nezinto ezitshalwe ebhethrini,” kusho uCancer. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, “zizonke izingozi zenzeke ezikhungweni zayo futhi sizamile ukuthola amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi,” ephawula.
Okokuqala, sibheka ukuthi zingafakwa yini kwenye imoto, ngoba “ezingozini ezingamaphesenti angu-75, ibhethri lingasetshenziswa kabusha,” usho kanje. "Manje sisebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uma imoto ingakwazi ukunyakaza, ingasebenza njengendawo yokugcina amandla ekhaya," kuchaza umqondisi jikelele weCesvimap. “Sizamile futhi kuyasiza.”
Nokho, “okwamanje kuyinto esele,” kusho uCancer. Ngo-2022, amabhethri angama-73 afika ezikhungweni zawo, "okungu-26% wakho konke ukukhanselwa kwezimoto zikagesi eSpain," kodwa akwanele ukumboza konke ukunikezwa. “Ukwenza, kungenziwa,” uyagcizelela.
Ubuchwepheshe buyatholakala, kodwa izindleko zokubuyiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha akuzona ezingcono kakhulu ngoba “kufanele badlule enqubweni yokususa ukungcola nokulungisa ukuze baphinde basetshenziswe,” kuchaza uCancer. "Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakhuluma ngamabhethri kanokusho ngoba akulungele ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nomthelela onamandla."
Ukugaywa kabusha kwala mabhethri kumelela inselelo embonini yomkhakha eqhubeka nohambo lwayo lokufakwa kukagesi ukuhamba. Imbuyiselo ebonakala ngalolu suku Lomhlaba Lokwenza Kabusha Kabusha, inkinga izoba ngokoqobo eshumini leminyaka elizayo lapho ukuphila okuwusizo kwabafika kuqala sekuphelile.
Amabhethri aphathekayo edolobha
Nakuba kuze kube yilapho befika ophahleni lwezindlu, amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi athole isinyathelo esimaphakathi sokuthi labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo we-Cesvimap babhapathize ngokuthi "iphakethe lebhethri."
Isakhiwo se-modular samabhethri emoto sivumela ukwakhiwa kwemishini encane ephathekayo engasetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga zesikhashana. "Lezi zisetshenziswa zivame ukuba namamojula angu-48 futhi ngamabili kuphela asevele akha indawo yokugcina amandla," kuchaza uCancer. Iphrojekthi yayo yokuhlola ngenxa yokuhlinzeka ngamandla inemishini yayo yokulalelwayo nokubonwayo. "Manje, singakwazi ukunikeza ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-10 emotweni kagesi ehamba ngaphandle kwamandla edolobheni."
