Isithombe sika-Schackleton, kolunye lohambo lwakhe - ABCIsrael VianaMadridKubuyekeziwe: 14/03/2022 04:13h
“Ngaphandle kwehaba, uwumkhumbi wokhuni ocwile kunayo yonke engake ngayibona. Ima yinde, iyaziqhenya olwandle, isesimweni esihle futhi isesimweni esihle sokulondolozwa. Kuyingqophamlando emlandweni we-polar, ”uqinisekise i-ABC Mensun Bound ngoLwesithathu. Umqondisi wohambo olwathola umkhumbi ka-Ernest Shackleton (1874-1922) wayekhazimula, wakwazi ukuthola i-Endurance ilahlekile futhi yakhohlwa ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-3.008, oLwandle lwaseWeddell, iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.
Isiphetho esidabukisayo somkhumbi kaShackleton saqala ukubhalwa ngo-January 18, 1915, njengoba umkhumbi omuhle wawuzovaleleka eqhweni. Umhloli wamazwe wazama ukuba ngumuntu wokuqala ukuwela i-Antarctica enqamula i-South Pole, kodwa akazange aphumelele.
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ivinjiwe, i-Endurance yalimala eqhweni lapho ikwazi ukuncibilika entwasahlobo futhi yaphahlazeka unomphela. Umhloli wamazwe namadoda akhe babe sebephoqeleka ukuba bamelane nomsebenzi omangalisayo wokusinda owafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuyisimangaliso ngempumelelo ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili kamuva.
+ Ulwazi lweMemory of Schacklenton, ku-ABC Cultural, ngo-2015 - ABC
Bonke basindiswa, okwenza lowo mzamo ongaphumelelanga ube omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yokuhlola. Okungakhumbuli muntu, ukuthi uShackleton wadlula eGalicia, njengoba kwabikwa yi-ABC ngoSepthemba 30, 1914. Isihloko esikhulu sasifundeka kanje: 'Expedition to the South Pole'. Kungase kufundwe ukuqhubeka: “Emkhunjini umkhumbi waseBrithani, umhloli wamazwe odumile oyiNgisi uShackleton usefikile ethekwini laseVigo, elibangise eBuenos Aires ukuze, esuka lapho, athathe uhambo olusha oluya eSouth Pole oluzothatha izikhathi ezimbili. iminyaka. Uhambo lwesibindi lukhokhelwe ngokubhaliselwe okuqalwe yi-King George V nge-£10.000.
Bambalwa abathandi bokuzijabulisa bosuku lwakhe ababengaphakamisa inkani kaShackleton. Isikhangiso asishicilela emaphephandabeni sokuqasha amavolontiya sabonisa iqiniso elibuhlungu lalo msebenzi: “Amadoda ayefunwa uhambo oluyingozi. Isosha eliphansi. Kubanda kakhulu. Izinyanga ezinde zobumnyama obuphelele. Ingozi eqhubekayo. Akuphephile ukubuya uphila. Ukuhlonishwa nokuhlonishwa uma kwenzeka uphumelela". Kodwa naphezu kwezixwayiso, bangaphezu kuka-5000 abazongenela ukhetho.
Uyahlanya
Lolu hambo lwaluhlanya, ngoba uLwandle LwaseWeddell lwaluhlala lungazange lufunjwe kusukela umzingeli wezimvu waseNgilandi aluthola engxenyeni yokuqala yesithathu yekhulu le-XNUMX. Amatilosi amaningi ayezame lokhu ngaphandle kwempumelelo ngaphambi kukaShackleton. Kulokhu kumelwe kwenezelwe imashi yokuhamba ngezinyawo okwakumelwe bayenze e-Antarctica uma befika ogwini, kodwa abazange baphumelele. Ubufakazi bobunzima ukumangala nokungakholwa okubonakala uRoald Amundsen, indoda yokuqala ukufika eSouth Pole, lapho emchazela icebo lakhe.
+ Ulwazi Ikhasi elisuka ku-1914 lilandisa ngokudlula kukaShackleton ngeVigo - ABC
Abezindaba baseSpain bebelokhu beveza imininingwane yalo msebenzi izinyanga ngaphambi kokudlula eVigo. NgoMashi, i-'El Heraldo Militar' yabika ukuthi u-Shackleton wayeseNorway elungiselela uhambo: "Ukhethe leli zwe ngoba, ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, isifunda sinikeza izindawo eziningi ezimbozwe yiqhwa lapho angasebenza khona njengasezindaweni ezishisayo. ”. I-'La Correspondencia de España' yaqokomisa impikiswano eqhubekayo nomhloli wamazwe wase-Austria uFelix König, owaqinisekisa 'ilungelo lakhe elibalulekile futhi wambhalela incwadi ethi: 'Akunakwenzeka ukuba lezi zinsuku ezimbili zisuke oLwandle lwaseWeddell. Ngethemba ukuthi uzokhetha enye indawo yokuqala.’”
Nokho, kwakunenkinga enkulu ekhanda likaShackleton eyanyakazisa uhambo lwakhe olukhulu. Ngosuku i-Endurance eyahamba ngalo ngomkhumbi isuka eLondon ngo-August 1, 1914, iJalimane yamemezela impi neRussia. IFrance, izibizo zezempi zamuva, yenza okufanayo naseJalimane. Kusukela osukwini lokuqala, isimo sempi saba namandla njengoba sehla ngoMfula iThames. Okokuqala, i-protagonist yethu yehlela emhlabeni futhi yathola ukuthi amaphephandaba amemezele ukuhlanganisa okuvamile e-Great Britain. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Antarctica iba yinto engafinyeleleki njengeNyanga.
umuzwa wokushisekela izwe
Kulula ukucabanga umuzwa owadlula kuwo wonke umuntu emkhunjini lapho ezwa ngokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Umuzwa wokushisekela izwe wabenza basukuma bashiya konke ukuze bavikele izwe labo. Yebo, uShackleton naye wakucabangela lokho okungenzeka, nakuba kwakuwuhambo lwamaphupho akhe. Ngalo lolo suku ekuseni wabizela ndawonye amadoda akhe emphemeni wabatshela ukuthi bakhululekile ukungena erenki uma befuna. Wabe esethumela ucingo ku-Admiralty ukuze anikeze umkhumbi wakhe, nakuba wanezela ukuthi, "uma kungekho muntu okubona kudingekile, ucabange ukuthi kulula ukuhamba ngokushesha ukuze akwazi ukufinyelela e-Antarctica ehlobo eliseningizimu," kusho uJavier Cacho 'Shackleton, el indomable' (Forcola, 2013).
+ UlwaziIsithombe sohambo oluholwa u-Amudsen oluya eSouth Pole ngaphambi nje kwalokho - ABC
Ngemva kwehora, esasaba ukuthi icebo lakhe lizohlakazeka, wathola impendulo emfushane evela ku-Admiralty: "Qhubeka." Wabe esenikezwa ucingo lwesibili oluvela kuWinston Churchill, lapho abonga khona ngamazwi amnandi nangokwengeziwe ngesipho sakhe futhi wamyala ukuba aqhubeke nohambo. Ngenkathi umhlaba ucwila empini ecekele phansi kakhulu emlandweni kuze kube yileso sikhathi, wawela i-English Channel enonembeza ongahlanzekile ngokuphelele.
Ngemva kosuku, i-Endurance yafika echwebeni lasePlymouth, ukuvakasha kwayo kokugcina eGreat Britain ngaphambi kokulibangisa eBuenos Aires. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho uShackleton anquma khona ukuthi wayengeke abaphelezele ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic futhi wabuyela eLondon ukuze ayolungisa ibhizinisi elithile. Enhloko-dolobha wabona imashi eqondile lapho kwenzeka khona izenzakalo, ngokumelene nokumemezela kwezwe lakhe impi eJalimane ngo-August 4. Ngemva kosuku wahlangana noGeorge V, owamtshela ngezithakazelo zakhe siqu kanye noBukhosi ukuthi lolu hambo lwalungeke luthinteke ngenxa yokungqubuzana.
Eqonde eVigo
Phezu kwakho konke ukwesekwa abekuzuzile, uShackleton ubengacaci kahle ukuthi kufanele kube yini isikhundla sakhe. Amanye amaphephandaba abemgxeka ngesinqumo sakhe sokuya e-Antarctica ngesikhathi iBrithani isonqenqemeni lwakwalasha. "Izwe liyakudinga," kumemezela izingqwembe ezisabalele eLondon ngesikhathi ethatha uhambo lwakhe oluya eGalicia ngesitimu 'i-Uruguay' ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaJalimane ayesemasangweni eParis ngenkathi ekhuphuka eSpain ukuze ahambe ngomkhumbi esuka lapho ukuze ahlangane no-Endurance namadoda akhe eBuenos Aires.
+ infoChronicle of the Shackleton rescue – ABC
'I-Shackleton in Vigo', ingafundwa ephephandabeni elithi 'Informaciones de Madrid'. Lapho umhloli waqhubeka nokungabaza ukuthi kufanele aqhubeke nalolo hambo olwamthatha iminyaka ezilungiselela, futhi ayetshale kulo imali eningi, noma kufanele “amthumele ukuba adle ushevu,” njengoba etshela izintatheli ngesikhathi zibuza. yena. Kube nengqondo ukuthi uzizwe ethukile ngakho konke obekwenzeka ngesikhathi kushayelwa ihlombe amaGalicia abeyomamukela ethekwini.
“UShackleton ubingelelwe isixuku esikhulu sabantu ababuza ngemikhumbi, ngo-1702, yaphuma kulelo theku nemithwalo emikhulu yegolide, isiliva namatshe ayigugu. Njengoba eshilo, ubehlose ukuthi enze umsebenzi wokukhipha yonke leyo ngcebo ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo oluya eSouth Pole, ”kubike i-ABC. Lesi sithakazelo sasikhumbuza umkhuba wakhe wobuntwana wokufuna ingcebo efihliwe, nakuba ingqondo yakhe yayikwenye indawo manje.
Ukungabaza kwakhe ekugcineni kwaqedwa umngane wakhe uJames Caird, i-philanthropist yaseScotland okwathi, njengoba ephikisana naye, kwakulula ukuthola amakhulu ezinkulungwane zentsha egijimela empini, kodwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola okwazi, njengaye, Ukwenza. inselele yalolo hambo. Wabe eseya eBuenos Aires ukuze athole i-Endurance ngesikhathi esifanayo ayelungiselela uhambo lokugcina lokuphila kwakhe.
