Lapho sinakho ku-mint ukuthi i-crystal iyini. Esikoleni safunda ukuthi, kusukela ezinhlamvwini zikashukela kuya edayimane, lezi zinto zihlanganyela ukuhlelwa okulinganayo nokuhlelekile kwama-athomu azo, zakha iphethini ephindaphindayo endaweni yonke, okwenza kube nokuma kwazo okuhle nokuvamile. Phakathi nekilasi e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) lapho uProfesa Frank Wilczek, uMklomelo KaNobel kuPhysics, waba nombono: kuthiwani uma kwakukhona 'amakristalu esikhathi' okwakheka kwawo, esikhundleni sokuziphindaphinda emkhathini, kuziphindaphinda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Le nkolelo-mbono 'engavamile' eyatshalwa ngo-2012 yadala inkulumo-mpikiswano eqinile emphakathini wesayensi iminyaka. Uma kungenzeka, lolu hlobo lwe-crystal kumele lukwazi ukugcina ukuzinza kwalo kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi luguqule isakhiwo salo se-crystal ngezikhathi ezithile; Kunqunywa ukuthi uma sizibheka ngezikhathi ezihlukene, kufanele siqonde ukuthi isakhiwo sazo (emkhathini) asifani ngaso sonke isikhathi, sisesimweni sokunyakaza okungapheli, ngisho sesimweni sokungabi namandla noma isimo esiyisisekelo.
Konke lokhu kubukela phansi imithetho ye-thermodynamics. Futhi la makristalu angeke aqine noma angabi uketshezi noma igesi. Ngisho ne-plasma-ionized gas-. Kungaba isimo esihlukile sendaba.
Ngemuva kwezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezishubile lapho u-Wilczek kwathiwa ucishe wahlanya, ngo-2016 iqembu lagcina likwazile ukukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe amakristalu esikhathi, okuwumsebenzi owatholwa ngonyaka olandelayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo mkhakha we-physics uye waba insimu ethembisa kakhulu engaguqula yonke into kusukela kubuchwepheshe be-quantum kuya kwezokuxhumana ngocingo, ngezimayini noma ukuqonda kwayo indawo yonke.
Nokho, kunenkinga: lawa makristalu avela kuphela ezimeni ezithile. Ngamagama aphathekayo, ososayensi basebenzise i-Bose-Einstein magnon quasiparticle condensates, isimo sendaba esidalwa lapho izinhlayiya, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-bosons, zipholiswa zifinyelele ku-zero ngokuphelele (-273,15 degrees Celsius noma -460 degrees Fahrenheit). Lokhu kudinga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi, yebo, ayikwazi ukushiya ama-laboratories kanye namagumbi e-vacuum, ngoba ukusebenzisana nendawo yangaphandle kwenza ukudalwa kwayo kungenzeki.
Kuze kube manje. Ithimba elivela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia Riverside likwazile ukwenza amakristalu esikhathi sokubona angakhiqizwa ezingeni lokushisa elilingana negumbi, njengoba kuchazwe ocwaningweni kujenali ethi 'Nature Communications'. Ukwenza lokhu, kwathathwa i-micro-resonator - idiski eyenziwe ngengilazi ye-magnesium fluoride eyimilimitha eyodwa kuphela ububanzi eyangena kwi-resonance lapho ithola amaza amaza athile. Base beqhumisa le-micro-resonator ebonakalayo ngemishayo evela kuma-laser amabili.
Iziqongo ze-subharmonic
Ama-subharmonic spikes (ama-solitons), noma amathoni ama-frequency phakathi kwemishayo ye-laser emibili, abonisa ukuphulwa kokulinganisa kwesikhathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela adale amakristalu esikhathi. Isistimu idala i-lattice trap ezungezayo yama-solitons optical lapho isikhathi noma ukwakheka kwawo ngesikhathi kuboniswa khona.
Ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho besistimu ekamelweni lokushisa, ithimba lizosebenzisa i-autoinjector block, inqubo eqinisekisa ukuthi i-laser saline igcina imvamisa ethile yokubona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lungakhishwa elebhu futhi lusetshenziselwe izicelo zenkambu, ikakhulukazi ukulinganisa isikhathi, ukuhlanganisa amakhompyutha e-quantum, noma ukufunda isimo ngokwaso.
"Lapho uhlelo lwakho lokuhlola lunokushintshaniswa kwamandla endaweni ezungezile, ukuchithwa nomsindo kuyasebenzisana ukuze kucekelwe phansi ukuhleleka kwesikhashana," u-Hossein Taheri, u-Marlan no-Rosemary Bourns uprofesa wobunjiniyela bukagesi kanye nekhompyutha e-UC Riverside kanye nomlobi oholayo wocwaningo. "Eplathifomu yethu yezithombe, isistimu yenza ibhalansi phakathi kwenzuzo nokulahlekelwa ukuze idale futhi ilondoloze amakristalu esikhathi."
