Isiqinisekiso ngaphandle kosizo
Isiqinisekiso sasebhange wuhlobo loxhaso lwezezimali olunikezwa isikhungo sezikweletu. Isiqinisekiso sasebhange sisho ukuthi umbolekisi uzoqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka kwezibopho zomkweleta. Ngamanye amazwi, uma okweletayo engasikhokhi isikweletu, ibhange lizosikhokhela. Isiqinisekiso sasebhange sivumela iklayenti (noma umkweleti) ukuthi athole izimpahla, athenge izinto zokusebenza noma abe nemalimboleko.
Isiqinisekiso sasebhange yilapho isikhungo esibolekisayo sivuma ukukhokha ukulahlekelwa uma umboleki ehluleka ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe. Isiqinisekiso sivumela inkampani ukuthi ithenge lokho ebingeke kwenzeke ngenye indlela, ukusiza inkampani ukuthi ikhule futhi ikhuthaze umsebenzi webhizinisi.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zeziqinisekiso zasebhange, ezihlanganisa eziqondile nezingaqondile. Amabhange avame ukusebenzisa iziqinisekiso eziqondile ebhizinisini langaphandle noma lasekhaya, ezikhishwe ngokuqondile kumzuzi. Iziqinisekiso eziqondile ziyasebenza uma ukuphepha kwebhange kungancikile ekubeni khona, ukufaneleka nokuphoqelela kwesibopho esiyinhloko.
Isibonelo, iNkampani A iyindawo yokudlela entsha efuna ukuthenga izinto zasekhishini ezibiza u-$3 million. Umthengisi wezinto zokusebenza udinga iNkampani A ukuthi inikeze isiqinisekiso sasebhange ukuze ikhokhe izinkokhelo ngaphambi kokuthumela okokusebenza eNkampanini A. Inkampani A icela isiqinisekiso esikhungweni esibolekisayo esigcina ama-akhawunti aso emali. Ibhange, empeleni, lisayina isivumelwano sokuthenga nomphakeli.
Isiqinisekiso sokuhambisana
Ukubhala phansi umugqa webhizinisi wekhredithi kuyinqubo ekala izici ezihlukahlukene zobungozi kuze kube yilapho umbolekisi enelisekile ukuthi amandla okulahlekelwa angaphakathi kokubekezelela kwakhe. Ngokuhlola inani lesibambiso, umlando wesikweletu, izitatimende zezimali, imibiko yezakhiwo, umnotho wendawo, ukuba nokwenzeka kwephrojekthi, izimo zemakethe, nezinye izinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo, umbolekisi angakwazi ukulinganisela ngokunembile ubungozi kanye nezinzuzo zomsebenzi. Esinye sezisindo ezibaluleke kakhulu kulesi senzo sokulinganisa isiqinisekiso sokukhokha.
Ngendlela yaso eyisisekelo, isiqinisekiso sokukhokha sivumela umbolekisi ukuthi abheke ngale kwesakhiwo sesikweletu esilinganiselwe senhloso eyodwa esisetshenziswa iningi lababoleki; ngale kwesiqinisekiso kanye nokuncika kwayo ezimeni ezivumayo zemakethe; ngale kwezinkinga zokusebenza komboleki noma izinkinga zokungena nokuphuma kwemali; futhi ngokuqondile kubantu noma izinhlangano ezinenani langempela ngemuva kwenkampani.
Ezimweni ezifanele zomboleki, uthishanhloko ngamunye kanye nenxusa lomboleki (ngizosebenzisa igama elithi "umxhasi" ukuze ngibhekisele kumuntu owenza izinqumo ngemuva komboleki) kufanele anikeze isiqinisekiso sokukhokha esingenamkhawulo nesingenamingcele, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isiqinisekiso semalimboleko. "insiza egcwele" Njengoba sakhiwe kahle, lesi siqinisekiso sivumela umebolekisi ukuthi aphoqelele oyedwa noma ngaphezulu kwabanikezeli besiqinisekiso ukuthi benze zonke izinkokhelo lowo obolekayo obekufanele azikhokhe. Ngamanye amazwi, noma yiziphi izibopho zomboleki kumabolekisi (okungenani ngokwemibandela yokukhokha), isiqiniseko sinezibopho ezifanayo. Izinzuzo zaleli thuluzi zisobala, kodwa kwanele ukusho ukuthi ngesiqinisekiso esigcwele sokuthola usizo, akunandaba ukuthi inani lenkampani liya kuphi: umabolekisi unokusekela kubanikezeli. Akukhathalekile ukuthi kungenxa yokukhwabanisa, ukungaphathi kahle, noma ishwa nje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela yokungakhokhi, umbolekisi angalandela noma yibaphi abaqinisekisi baso sonke isikweletu.
isiqinisekiso sokukhokha
Ngaphansi komthetho wesenzo esisodwa wase-California, "kungaba khona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesenzo lokuqoqwa kwanoma isiphi isikweletu noma ukuphoqelelwa kwanoma yiliphi ilungelo elivikelwe yi-mortgage endaweni yangempela." Cal. Ikhodi Civ. Proc. § 726(a). Ngakho-ke, umbolekisi angathatha kuphela "isinyathelo esisodwa" ngokumelene nomboleki, njengokudayiswa kwe-trustee, ukuvalwa, noma ukufaka isicelo kwinothi. Izinkantolo zase-California zihumusha lesi simiso ngokuhlanganyela nesinye, umthetho "wokuphepha kuqala", odinga ukuthi umebolekisi aphishekele ukuphinde athathe indawo ethengiswayo ngaphambi kokumangalela umboleki mathupha. Bheka i-Walker v. Ibhange Lomphakathi, 10 Cal. 3d 729 (1974). Kodwa-ke, ababolekisi banomkhawulo ekubuyiseni kwabo, njengoba bengakwazi ukubikezela indawo ehlanganisa imali ebolekiwe futhi basale benemali.
Isiqinisekiso somuntu siqu sivame ukufakwa kumadokhumenti esicelo semalimboleko, kodwa siyinkontileka ehlukile phakathi kombolekisi nomuntu "eqinisekisa" ukukhokhwa komboleki kwemali mboleko. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangemva kokuba impahla ethola imali mboleko yemali yangasese idliwe, umbolekisi angakwazi ukwanelisa ukushoda kwemali mboleko ngokufaka ukuphulwa kwecala lenkontileka. Inkontileka - isiqinisekiso somuntu siqu - ithembisa ukuthi isiqiniseko sizoyibuyisela imali ebolekiwe ngempahla yomuntu siqu uma umuntu noma inhlangano yebhizinisi ecela ukubolekwa imali ingakwazi ukwenza kanjalo.
Isiqinisekiso Sokungafakwa Kwezinsiza
Amazwe amaningi endawo ye-euro enze izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa imalimboleko zaba into esemqoka yamaphakheji awo okusekela ekuphenduleni inkinga ye-coronavirus (bona Isahluko 1). Njengoba zibhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwemali engenayo kanye nemali engenayo, lezi zinhlelo zesikhashana zingakwazi ukusekela ukuhamba kwesikweletu emnothweni wangempela futhi, ngakho-ke, zisize ukuzinzisa uhlelo lwamabhange. Leli bhokisi lethula ukuhlola okubonisa ukuthi imibuso emenyezelwe ihloselwe ukusebenza kanjani, nokuthi ingase ibe nomthelela kanjani ekulahlekelweni okungase kwenziwe ngamabhange ezindaweni ezizayo.
Njengoba izikimu zinqunywa ezingeni likazwelonke, izici zazo, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu bazo kanye nemibandela yokufaneleka, ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe. Imingcele eyinhloko yezinhlelo ingusayizi ophelele wohlelo lwesiqinisekiso, intengo yeziqinisekiso, ingxenye yemali mboleko eqinisekisiwe, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lomboleki ngamunye kanye nemibandela yokufaneleka yezinkampani ezizifanelekela (bona ibhokisi A) . Uhlaka lwesikhashana lweKhomishini YaseYurophu yezinyathelo zokweseka zokuthweswa iziqu lubeka imithetho yeziqinisekiso zombuso ezizohlala zihambisana nemakethe yangaphakathi[1] Izinhlelo zihloselwe ukusekela amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) kanye nabazisebenzayo , namabhizinisi amakhulu. nazo zifanelekele ukubolekwa imali emisha engasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuphila yebhizinisi ukuze uqhubeke ukhokhela abahlinzeki kanye nabasebenzi. Iziqinisekiso zemalimboleko ngokuvamile ezesikhathi esifushane (unyaka owodwa), kodwa zingathatha iminyaka eyisithupha. Intengo ngokuvamile iqala kumaphoyinti angu-25 (bps) weziqinisekiso zonyaka owodwa ze-SME kanye nama-bps angu-50 ngeziqinisekiso zebhizinisi zonyaka owodwa. Ikhuphukela kumaphoyinti ayi-100 kanye namaphoyinti angama-200, ngokulandelana, iminyaka emine neyisithupha. Ukutholwa kokulahlekelwa kuvame ukukhawulelwa ku-90% wenhloko yemali mboleko, nakuba inani elilinganiselwe lemali mboleko enesiqinisekiso esingu-100% litholakala emazweni ambalwa.
