i-hypothetical surrogacy
ISIGABA 1. Ukukhishwa kwentela kanye nokwehliswa. Ngokungeziwe kuwo wonke amalungelo okubuyisela kanye nokubhalisa Abaqinisekisi abangaba nawo ngaphansi komthetho osebenzayo (kodwa kuncike ezinhlinzekweni zeSigaba 3), Umboleki uyavuma ukuthi, esimweni lapho noma yimuphi Umqinisekisi enza inkokhelo ngaphansi Kwesivumelwano Sesiqinisekiso Sase-United States, Umboleki. izobuyisela lowo Mnikezeli ngenani eligcwele laleyo nkokhelo futhi lowo Mqinisekisi uzofakwa ngaphansi kwamalungelo oMuntu okukhokhwe kuye ngokwezinga laleyo nkokhelo.
ISIQEPHU 2.05. Isivumelwano sokukhokha; I-Surrogacy. Ekuqhubekiseleni phambili lokhu osekushiwo ngaphambili nangaphandle komkhawulo wanoma yimaphi amanye amalungelo i-First Lien Security Agent noma enye iNhlangano Evikelekile engaba nawo ngaphansi komthetho osebenzayo noma ngokulingana kunoma yimuphi Umnikezeli lapha ngezansi, esimweni lapho Umboleki noma enye Inhlangano Ebolekiwe ihluleka ukukhokha. noma isiphi Isibopho Esivikelekile lapho futhi kufanele ngaso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele, sisheshiswe, ngemva kwesaziso sokukhokha kusengaphambili noma ngenye indlela, Isiqinisekisi ngasinye sivuma ukukhokha, noma isizathu sokuba kukhokhwe, ngokushesha ku-ejenti YokuQala Yesiqinisekiso Semalimboleko ukuze isabalalise Izinkampani Eziqinisekisiwe ezihambisanayo. ngokheshi inani leSibophezelo Esiqinisekisiwe esingakakhokhwa. Ngemva kokukhokhwa yinoma yimuphi Umqinisekisi wanoma yiliphi inani kuMsebenzeli Wokuvikeleka WokuQala WokuQala njengoba kuhlinzekwe ngenhla, wonke amalungelo aleso Siqinisekisi ngokumelene Nomboleki noma enye Ingxenye Yemali Ebolekiwe evela ngenxa yalokho ngendlela yelungelo lokuthatha imali encane, umnikelo, imbuyiselo, inkokhelo noma ngenye indlela ayoba ngaphansi. ngazo zonke izindlela ku-Article III.
Isibonelo sokuzithoba
Ukuyekwa kwempahla engaphansi kuyisigatshana senkontileka lapho umuntu onomshwalense ededela ilungelo lomshwalense wakhe lokufuna ukulungiswa noma isinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa yinkampani yangaphandle ebudedengu. Abadayisi bomshwalensi ngokuvamile bakhokhisa inkokhelo eyengeziwe ngokugunyaza ukuyekwa kwe-subrogation. Izinkontileka eziningi zokwakha kanye nokuqashisa zihlanganisa ukuyekwa kwesigatshana somthetho.
Lezi zigaba zomthetho zivimbela umshwalense weqembu elilodwa ekufakeni isimangalo ngokumelene nolunye uhlangothi lwenkontileka ukuze azame ukubuyisela imali ekhokhwe umshwalense kulowo onomshwalense noma inkampani yesithathu ukuze akhokhe isimangalo esikhaviwe.
Ilungelo lokuthweswa umshwalense livumela umshwalense ukuthi afake esikhundleni sakhe esinomshwalense ngemuva kokwanelisa isimangalo esikhokhelwa umuntu onomshwalense ngokwezibopho zenkampani ngaphansi komshwalense. Inkampani yomshwalense ingase yenze isimangalo ngokumelene nabanye abathintekayo ukuze ikwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zayo zalokho kulahlekelwa okufanayo, ngisho nalapho ukulahlekelwa kuhilela ukukhokhwa kwezimangalo ezilethwa kumshwalense.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma ukukhokhiswa kwentela kuyekwa, inkampani yomshwalense ayikwazi "ukungena ezicathulweni zeklayenti" uma isimangalo sesixazululiwe futhi imangalele omunye umuntu ukuze abuyisele ukulahlekelwa kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, uma ukukhokhiswa kwempahla kuyekwa, umshwalense usengozini enkulu.
Common Law Surrogacy
I-Surrogacy ngokwezwi nezwi isho umuntu noma iqembu elizibeka endaweni yomunye umuntu noma iqembu. Iwachaza kahle amalungelo enkampani yomshwalense ngaphambi nangemva kokuba izimangalo ezenziwe ngokumelene nepholisi sezikhokhiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza inqubo yokuthola isinxephezelo ngaphansi komshwalense.
Ezimweni eziningi, inkampani yomshwalense yomuntu ngamunye ikhokha isimangalo sekhasimende layo ngokulahlekelwa ngokuqondile, bese ifuna imbuyiselo kolunye uhlangothi, noma inkampani yalo yomshwalense. Iklayenti elinomshwalense lithola inkokhelo ngokushesha bese inkampani yomshwalense ingakwazi ukufaka isimangalo se-subrogation ngokumelene neqembu elinephutha lokulahlekelwa.
Izinqubomgomo zomshwalense zingaqukatha ulimi olunikeza umshwalensi igunya, uma izicelo sezikhokhiwe, ukuthi afune ukubuyiswa kwezimali enkampanini yangaphandle uma ukulahlekelwa kubangelwe inkampani yangaphandle. Umshwalense akanalo ilungelo lokufaka isimangalo kumshwalense ukuze athole ukuvikeleka okuhlinzekwe kumshwalense noma acele umonakalo komunye umuntu obangele ukulahlekelwa.
Ukuyekwa kwe-surrogacy
I-subrogation ivame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni womshuwalense. Inkampani yomshwalense ikhokha umshwalense wayo ngokulahlekelwa okukhava umshwalense. Umshwalense ube eseqala isenzo sokubuyisela inkokhelo yakhe kumuntu ozenzo zakhe noma ukungenzi okubangele ukulahlekelwa komuntu onomshwalense. Umshwalense uqala isenzo egameni lomuntu onomshwalense, kodwa ubungozi nemivuzo yesenzo ikunkampani yomshwalense. Kuthiwa umshwalense ufakwe ngaphansi kwamalungelo abantu abafakwe kumshwalense.
I-subrogation ingase isebenze esimweni se-mortgage. Le mfundiso yafingqwa ecaleni lesiNgisi lango-1908 ngale ndlela elandelayo: "Lapho umuntu wesithathu, ngesicelo somuntu oboleka imali, ekhokha umuntu wokuqala oboleka imali ngenjongo yokuba ngowokuqala ukuboleka impahla, uba, ngaphandle kobufakazi bokuthi inhloso ephambene, elungelweni lokulingana okufanele libekwe, maqondana nesakhiwo, endaweni yomuntu obambisa imali yokuqala”.
Lesi siphakamiso siye salungiswa eminyakeni edlule, kodwa isiphakamiso esiyisisekelo sihlala sisebenza. Ingabe abafake izicelo ze-mortgage abakhungathekile basamethemba? Kunjalo. Imali yokubolekwa kwempahla ivamise ukubekwa endaweni engafanele, izimali ezibolekiwe zangaphambili ziyabuyiselwa, futhi ngandlela thize imali ebolekiwe efanele ayibhalwa phansi. I-Toronto-Dominion Bank v. I-Nedem iyisinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-Ontario yango-2012 esibhekana nalesi siphakamiso.
