I-Athikili 3 yoMthetho 3/2009, wangomhla zi-3 kuMbasa, mayelana nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezinkampani ezihwebayo, ibeka ukuthi ngenxa yoshintsho inkampani ithatha uhlobo oluhlukile, olugcina ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni. Ngamanye amazwi, alukho ushintsho kubuntu bayo, okuthinta ukuba semthethweni kwayo okusebenzayo noma okungenzi lutho ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokwahlulela, nokuthi inkampani yamukele uhlobo oluhlukile lomphakathi, olugcina ubuntu bayo.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu okungenhla, lapho uguquko olushiwo lwenzeka ngaphambi kwenqubo, alubangeli nkinga njengoba, kulokhu, ukuba semthethweni okusebenzayo kuzofana, okungukuthi, inkampani eguquliwe iyona eqala inqubo, futhi uma kuwukugunyazwa okwenziwayo, kunesibopho futhi isimangalo kufanele siqondiswe kuso (umphakathi oguquliwe), ngaphandle kokubandlulula lokho okuzovezwa kamuva, njengoba ukukhuliswa komthwalo wemfanelo kungase kwenzeke.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uguquko lwenzeka kusalindwe ukucutshungulwa kwenqubo yokwahlulela, ukulandelana kwenqubo akwenzeki noma akudingekile ukuba kube nentshisekelo, ngoba akusho noma yikuphi ukulandelana, kodwa ukuguqulwa nje kwegama kanye/noma ukwakheka kokukodwa. yamaqembu (umphakathi oguquliwe). Ngamanye amazwi, uguquko olushiwo alukho ngaphansi kokugunyazwa yinkantolo, kodwa nokho lwenziwa kanye nelinye lamaqembu, inqobo nje uma uguquko olushiwo lugunyaziwe, noma ngomnikelo wetayitela elihambisanayo elibhaliswe kurejista. , isitifiketi sokubhaliswa, njll.
Isibonelo somusho wangaphambilini we-Constious - Administrative Chamber ye-TSJ yase-Balearic Islands, yangomhla ka-27/1/2016. amarekhodi, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwenkampani elinganiselwe yomphakathi ibe inkampani enomkhawulo, kanye nenkinga ekumeleleni ngenxa yokungawatholi amandla amasha.
Ngakho, i-Chamber, ecaphuna ubuciko. I-3 yoMthetho 3/2009, ithi ngenxa yenguquko, inkampani yamukela uhlobo oluhlukile, igcina ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni, ngakho-ke ukushabalala komuntu osemthethweni kanye nokuzalwa komuntu omusha osemthethweni kwakungakaze kwenzeke, lokho okushiwo iqiniso. ukulandelana kwenqubo, kodwa ukugcinwa komuntu osemthethweni wangaphambili ngaphansi kwefomu lebhizinisi elihlukile ngenxa yoshintsho lwefomu lomthetho, elingazange lithinte ubunikazi benkampani eguquliwe, egcina ubuntu bayo futhi igcinwa ngaphansi kwefomula entsha ( STS No. 914/1999, kaNovemba 4, i-STS ka-30/1/1987, i-SAP yaseValencia No.
I-Chamber inqume ukuthi, ngenxa yezinguquko, inkampani yamukela uhlobo oluhlukile kodwa yagcina ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni, ukuthi akekho ocisha noma nini.
Ngakho-ke, i-STS No. 914/1999 ithi uguquko olushiwo, ngobuntu obufanayo, luyaqhubeka nokuthatha amalungelo nezibopho ezifanayo, ukuze ngoguquko olushiwo akukho ukudluliselwa kokusetshenziswa nokuzijabulisa noma ukudluliswa kobuzwe, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, "Ukuqhubeka ubuntu” bomphakathi omdala.
Ngakho-ke, i-STS ye-30/1/1987 izophinda igcizelele ukuthi ukuguqulwa akukhiqizi ukuqedwa kwenkampani eguquliwe, ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni buhlala bufana. Futhi isahlulelo se-AP yase-Valencia sizophinda imfundiso edaluliwe, esivele ikhulunywe ngomthetho oshiwo ngenhla (u-Art 3), iphinda igcizelela ukuthi amalungelo nezibopho zenkampani eguquliwe aziguquliwe. Kuleso sinqumo esifanayo se-AP ye-Guipúzcoa izophinda lokho okwashiwo ngaphambilini.
Umphakathi oguquliwe uyaqhubeka nokuthatha amalungelo nezibopho ezifanayo
Ngakho-ke, i-Order of the Fourth Chamber, ye-TS, ye-19/4/2016 isungula (ngokuphathelene necala lokulandelana kwebhizinisi): isizathu esikhulu kakhulu sokuthi isisombululo kufanele sigcinwe kuzo zonke izimo zenguquko (Izihloko 3 kuya ku-21 of i-LME), kungenzeka ukuthi kuzo inkampani yamukele uhlobo oluhlukile lwenhlalo, igcina kuzo zonke izimo ubuntu bayo obungokomthetho, ukuze kungenzeki ngisho nokuthi ikhiqize ukugunyazwa kwenkampani, kodwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa okunjalo kufinyelela kuphela "inguquko esemthethweni" yenkampani, egcina ingasasebenzi ngezinjongo esibhekene nazo.
Ngakho-ke, enqubweni eqhubekayo yokwahlulela, ukuguqulwa kwenkampani eyingxenye yayo, akuguquli ukuba semthethweni okusebenzayo noma okungenzi lutho, futhi akukho lungelo noma isibopho esithintekayo, kodwa njengoba sekuthuthukisiwe, Kungaba ngokwanele ukwazisa. inkantolo yalesi simo ukuze inqubo yoguquko olushiwo iqoshwe.
Enqubweni eqhubekayo yokwahlulela, ukuguqulwa kwenkampani eyingxenye yayo, akuguquli ukuba semthethweni okusebenzayo noma okungenzi lutho.
Ngokusho kobuciko. 21 womthetho oshiwo ngenhla, kanye mayelana nesibopho sezomthetho sabalingani; Abalingani abathi, ngenxa yenguquko, bathathe isikweletu somuntu siqu nesingenamkhawulo ngezikweletu zenkampani, bazophendula ngendlela efanayo nezikweletu ngaphambi kokuguqulwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, phakathi kokunye, ukugunyazwa kokungenzi lutho kunganwetshwa lapho inkampani yamukela inkampani lapho isikweletu singanqunyelwe, ngakho-ke ozakwethu bazophendula ngempahla yabo siqu ngezikweletu ngaphambi koshintsho nakuzo zonke izimo. we-post-transformation, wukunquma, umcabango ungaqashelwa ukuthi njengomphumela wenguquko, umthwalo wemfanelo uzokwanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngaphandle uma abakweletwayo bebhizinisi bevumelene ngokucacile noguquko, isikweletu sabalingani abangaba nesibopho somuntu siqu salezo zenkampani eguquliwe sizohlala, ngenxa yezikweletu zebhizinisi ezikhishwe ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwenkampani, nakuba lesi sikweletu. izonquma iminyaka emihlanu kusukela osukwini lokushicilelwa ngalo kuGazethi Esemthethweni Ye-Mercantile Registry.
Abalingani bazophendula ngendlela efanayo nezikweletu ngaphambi kwenguquko; ukugunyazwa okwenziwayo kunganwetshwa lapho inkampani yamukela ifomu lebhizinisi lapho isikweletu singakhawulelwe. Ozakwethu bangaqala ukuphendula ngezimpahla zabo zomuntu siqu ezikweletini ngaphambi koshintsho
Kuzokwenzekani emacaleni okuthi uguquko lwenzekile ngemuva kokufakwa kwesimangalo nangaphambi kwempendulo? Ukuthi ngaphandle kokubandlulula ukuzwa ukuthi kuqondiswe enkampanini eguquliwe, kungenzeka ukuthi lo mthwalo wemfanelo unwetshiwe nokuthi abalingani abaye bathatha lesi sibopho ngenxa yenguquko, okungukuthi, kungenzeka ukwandisa icala ngokumelene ozakwethu (401.2 we-Civil Procedure Law) noma, ngemva kwesikhathi esishiwo, bafake icala elisha ngokumelene nozakwethu futhi banesithakazelo ekuqoqweni kwezinqubo, okunzima uma kubhekwa imikhawulo ebekwe ubuciko. 78.2 kanye no-3 woMthetho Wezinqubo Zomphakathi, kuyadingeka ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeka uma kungathetheleleki ukuthi, ngesidingo sokuqala, ayikwazi ukukhuthaza inqubo ehlanganisa kakhulu izimangalo nezindaba ezifanayo, ngisho noma kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindaba. . Ngaphandle kokubandlulula iqiniso lokuthi kunezinqumo zokwahlulela ezenza ukuhunyushwa komkhawulo wokuqongelela kube lula, isibonelo, icala eliphakanyiswe ngu-SAP Coruña, 329/2008, ka-15/9/2008, lapho kubhekiselwa khona ephutheni. noma ukukhohlwa ukuba khona kokulandelanisa ngesikhathi ummangalelwa wokuqala efaka isicelo, ethi abukho ubufakazi bokholo olubi kummangali, futhi wezwa ukuthi kwakufanele kuvumele ukuqoqwa, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ekunakeni inqubo. umnotho.
