Umfanekiso kaSchackleton, kwelinye lamaphulo akhe-ABCIsrael VianaMadridUpdated: 14/03/2022 04:13h
Ngaphandle kokuzibaxa, yeyona nqanawa intle kakhulu eyenziwe ngamaplanga ndakha ndayibona. Imi nde, inebhongo ezantsi kolwandle, yomelele kwaye ikwimeko entle yokulondolozwa. Sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yomhlaba, ”uqinisekise u-ABC Mensun Bound ngoLwesithathu. Umlawuli wehambo eyafumanisa inqanawa ka-Ernest Shackleton (1874-1922) yayikhazimla, wakwazi ukufumana i-Endurance elahlekileyo kwaye yalityalwa kubunzulu be-3.008 yeemitha, kuLwandle lwaseWeddell, ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Isiphelo esibuhlungu senqanawa kaShackleton saqalisa ukubhalwa ngoJanuwari 18, 1915, ekubeni le nqanawa imangalisayo yayiza kubanjiswa kumkhenkce. Umhloli wazama ukuba yindoda yokuqala ukuwela i-Antarctica enqumla kwi-Pole yaseMazantsi, kodwa akazange aphumelele.
Emva kweenyanga ezininzi ivaliwe, i-Endurance yafumana umonakalo kwi-ice sheets xa ikwazi ukunyibilika entwasahlobo kwaye yawa ngonaphakade. Umhloli wamazwe kunye namadoda akhe banyanzeleka ukuba baxhathise kwiphulo lokusinda elimangalisayo elafikelela kuvuthondaba lwempumelelo kwiinyanga ezisibhozo kamva.
+ Ulwazi lweMemori yeSchacklenton, kwi-ABC Cultural, ngo-2015-ABC
Bonke basindiswa, nto leyo eyenza elo linge lasilelayo libe ngomnye wemisebenzi emikhulu yokuhlola. Noko ke, akukho mntu ukhumbulayo, kukuba uShackleton wadlula eGalicia, njengoko ingxelo ye-ABC ngoSeptemba 30, 1914 yayisithi: 'Uhambo oluya kwiPole yaseMzantsi'. Ukuqhubela phambili kunokufundwa: “Ekukhweleni umkhombe waseBritani, umhloli wamazwe odumileyo oliNgesi uShackleton ufikile kwizibuko laseVigo, elingise eBuenos Aires ukuze, ukusuka apho, athabathe uhambo olutsha olusinge kwiPole yaseMazantsi oluya kuhlala izihlandlo ezibini. iminyaka. Uhambo olungenasibindi luhlawulwe ngokubhaliselwa okuqalwe nguKumkani George V kunye ne-£ 10.000.
Bambalwa abantu ababehamba ngexesha lakhe ababenokumenza adelele uShackleton. Isibhengezo awasipapasha kumaphephandaba sokufuna amatsha-ntliziyo sabonisa ubunyani balo msebenzi: “Amadoda ayefuna uhambo oluyingozi. Ijoni eliphantsi. Kubanda okugqithisileyo. Iinyanga ezinde zobumnyama obupheleleyo. Ingozi rhoqo. Akukhuselekanga ukubuya uphila. Imbeko kunye nokuqatshelwa kwimeko yokuphumelela". Kodwa phezu kwazo nje izilumkiso, bangaphezu kwama-5000 XNUMX abagqatswa abakhoyo.
Uphambene
Olo hambo lwaluphambene, kuba uLwandle lwaseWeddell lwaluhlala lungalungiswanga ukususela oko umzingeli wamaNgesi wamatywina walufumana kwisithathu sokuqala senkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Oomatiloshe abaninzi bazame oku ngaphandle kwempumelelo ngaphambi kukaShackleton. Kule nto kufuneka kongezwe uhambo ngeenyawo ekwafuneka balwenze eAntarctica ukuba bafikelele elunxwemeni, kodwa abazange baphumelele. Ubungqina bobunzima buyamangalisa kunye nokungakholelwa okubonakaliswa nguRoald Amundsen, indoda yokuqala eya kufika kwi-South Pole, xa wachaza isicwangciso sakhe kuye.
+ ulwazi Iphepha ukusuka ngo-1914 libalisa ngokudlula kukaShackleton ngeVigo – ABC
Umshicileli waseSpain ebetyhila iinkcukacha zeprojekthi kwiinyanga ngaphambi kokuba adlule eVigo. NgoMatshi, 'u-El Heraldo Militar' wabika ukuba u-Shackleton wayeseNorway elungiselela uhambo: "Ukhethe eli lizwe kuba, ngeli xesha lonyaka, lo mmandla ubonelela ngeendawo ezininzi ezigutyungelwe likhephu apho anokusebenza khona njengakwiindawo zepolar. ”. 'La Correspondencia de España' yabalaselisa impikiswano eqhubekayo nomhloli wamazwe waseOstriya uFelix König, owaqinisekisa 'ilungelo lakhe eliphambili waza wambhalela ileta eyayisithi: 'Akunakwenzeka ukuba ezi phulo zimbini zimke kuLwandle lwaseWeddell. Ndiyathemba ukuba uza kukhetha esinye isiqalo.'”
Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho ingxaki enkulu kwintloko ka-Shackleton eyashukumisa uhambo lwakhe olukhulu. Kwangaloo mini i<em>Endurance yahamba ngesikhephe isuka eLondon ngoAgasti 1, 1914, iJamani yabhengeza imfazwe nxamnye neRashiya. IFransi, i-alias yasemkhosini yamva, yenza okufanayo neJamani. Ukususela kusuku lokuqala, imfazwe yaphazanyiswa yimfazwe njengoko yayihamba ngesikhephe kumlambo iThames. Okokuqala, i-protagonist yethu yehla emhlabeni kwaye yafumanisa ukuba amaphephandaba abhengeze ukuhlanganiswa ngokubanzi kwi-Great Britain. Ngeli xesha, i-Antarctica ayifikeleleki njengeNyanga.
imvakalelo yokuthand' izwe
Kulula ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wemvakalelo eye yatyhutyha wonke umntu owayesenqanaweni emva kokuva ngokuqalisa kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Imvakalelo yokuthand' izwe yabenza bayeka yonke into ukuze beze kukhuselela ilizwe labo. Kakade ke, uShackleton naye wakugqala oko, nangona yayiluhambo lwamaphupha akhe. Kwangaloo ntsasa wabizela ndawonye amadoda akhe kumgangatho womgangatho waza wabaxelela ukuba bakhululekile ukungena erenkini ukuba bayafuna. Emva koko wathumela i-telegraph kwi-Admiralty ukuba anikele ngenqanawa yakhe, nangona wongezelela ukuba, "ukuba akukho mntu ucinga ukuba kuyimfuneko, wacinga ukuba kukulungele ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuze akwazi ukufikelela e-Antarctica ehlotyeni elisezantsi", utsho uJavier Cacho '. Shackleton, el indomable '(Forcola, 2013).
+ UlwaziUmfanekiso wephulo elikhokelwa ngu-Amudsen ukuya kwiPole yoMzantsi kungekudala ngaphambili – iABC
Emva kweyure, esoyika ukuba icebo lakhe liya kutshabalala, wafumana impendulo emfutshane evela kwi-Admiralty: "Hamba phambili." Emva koko wanikwa ucingo lwesibini oluvela kuWinston Churchill, apho wambulela kakhulu ngamazwi aqaqambileyo nangakumbi ngesipho sakhe kwaye wamyalela ukuba aqhubeke nohambo. Ngelixa ihlabathi lalingene kweyona mfazwe inkulu kwimbali ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha, wawela i-English Channel enesazela esingacocekanga kwaphela.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, i-Endurance yafika kwizibuko lasePlymouth, umnxeba wayo wokugqibela eGreat Britain ngaphambi kokuba ihambe iye eBuenos Aires. Kungelo xesha kanye awathi uShackleton wagqiba kwelokuba akayi kubakhapha ukuwela iAtlantiki waza wabuyela eLondon ukuze alungise ishishini elithile. Kwikomkhulu wabona umngcelele we-vertiginous apho iziganeko zenzeka, ngokuchasene nokubhengezwa kwemfazwe yelizwe lakhe eJamani nge-4 ka-Agasti. Emva kosuku wadibana noGeorge V, owamxelela ngezinto awayenomdla kuzo kunye noBukhosi ukuba olo hambo lwalungayi kuchatshazelwa lungquzulwano.
Kwindlela yaseVigo
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke inkxaso awayeyifumene, u-Shackleton wayengacacanga ncam malunga nesikhundla sakhe. Amanye amaphepha-ndaba aye amgxeka ngesigqibo sakhe sokuya e-Antarctica xa iBritane yayisemngxunyeni wenzonzobila. “Ilizwe liyakudinga,” zabhengeza iipowusta zisasazeke kulo lonke elaseLondon xa wayethatha uhambo lwakhe oluya eGalicia ngesikhephe esithi “Uruguay” ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Ngeli xesha, amaJamani ayesemasangweni aseParis ngelixa enyuka eSpeyin ukuba ahambe ngomkhumbi ukusuka apho ukuze ahlangane no-Endurance kunye namadoda akhe eBuenos Aires.
+ Ulwazi lweChronicle yohlangulo lukaShackleton-ABC
'I-Shackleton eVigo', inokufundwa kwiphephandaba 'Informaciones de Madrid'. Apho umhloli wamazwe waqhubeka ethandabuza ukuba ngaba ufanele aqhubeke nolo hambo lwalumthathe iminyaka yokuzilungiselela, kwaye apho wayetyale imali eninzi, okanye kufuneka “amthumele ukuba athabathe ityhefu,” njengoko waxelela intatheli xa babembuza. yena. Yayisengqiqweni into yokuba waziva ekhwankqisiwe yiyo yonke into eyayisenzeka phakathi kwentswahla yezandla zamaGalisiya awayeye kumamkela echwebeni.
“UShackleton uye wabuliswa liqela elikhulu labantu ababuzisa ngezi nqanawa, ezathi, ngowe-1702, zaphuma kwelo chweba zinemithwalo emikhulu yegolide, isilivere namatye anqabileyo. Njengoko etshilo, wayezimisele ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhupha bonke obo butyebi ngaphambi kokuba aququzelele uhambo oluya eSouth Pole, ”ingxelo ye-ABC. Lo mdla wawusikhumbuza umkhwa wakhe wobuntwana wokukhangela ubutyebi obufihliweyo, nangona ingqondo yakhe yayikwenye indawo ngoku.
Amathandabuzo akhe ekugqibeleni apheliswa ngumhlobo wakhe uJames Caird, i-philanthropist yaseScotland, njengoko wayexoxa, kwakulula ukufumana amakhulu amawaka abantu abancinci ababalekela emfazweni, kodwa mhlawumbi akunakwenzeka ukufumana umntu onako, njengaye. umngeni kolo hambo. Emva koko wahamba waya eBuenos Aires ukuba aqhube ukunyamezela ngexesha elifanayo ukuba wayelungiselela uhambo lokugqibela lobomi bakhe.
