Ubhubhani obangelwe yi-Covid-19 uwuthathele ingqalelo umkhuhlane. Kodwa kulo nyaka ibuye ngamandla. Ukusukela ekuqhambukeni kwe-SARS-CoV-2, iintsholongwane zokuphefumla ziye zatshintsha iipatheni zazo, ukuya kuthi ga kweli xesha lonyaka izehlo zabo bonke zibhalise amaxabiso aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga, anjengomkhuhlane A kunye no-B. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zibona ukuba ixesha alibonakali liphelile.
URaúl Ortiz de Lejarazu, umcebisi wezesayensi kunye nomlawuli ophumayo weNational Flu Centre yaseValladolid, wachaza ukuba kunyaka odlulileyo, i-21-22, sinezikhalazo nangona kwakungekho zikhalazo ngokusemthethweni. “Yayisisesona sikhalazo side iYurophu ibinaso kuyo yonke inkulungwane yama-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, nokuba ibinoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Kwaye eyona nto imbi kukuba ayikagqitywa”.
Ingxaki kukuba ngenxa yokuba kukho isikhalazo esisisigxina, siye sahlala sikhona okanye siye saba "covizalized". Ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lomkhuhlane liqale ngeSanta Claus okanye amadoda amathathu ahlakaniphileyo kwaye umkhwa kukuba le meko iya kuqhubeka ngokufanayo kunyaka ozayo.
Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane yi-syndrome ebangelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, i-A, B, njl. "Le yintsholongwane engabonakaliyo ngokwembono yeklinikhi, ngenxa yokugcinwa kwayo kwizilwanyana, ayifuni abantu ukuba baphile kwaye, ngamaxesha athile, ixhuma ebantwini," utsho u-Ortiz de Lejarazu.
Kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, ukhumbula ukuba, "sibe neendyikitya zokufa ezinjengomkhuhlane we-18, umkhuhlane waseAsia, umkhuhlane waseHong Kong, kwaye kule nkulungwane, ubhubhane womkhuhlane A. Ngomkhuhlane, siyazi ukuba intsholongwane entsha iya sivela rhoqo phambi kokuba singabi nazikhuselo ezininzi."
Ngethamsanqa, uJordi Reina, intloko yeVirology kwiSibhedlele seSon Espases kwiZiqithi zaseBalearic, uthi, intsholongwane ebangela ubhubhane ayiqhelekanga njengoko iinguqulelo unyaka nonyaka ziyimbopheleleko yethu yokwenza utshintsho kwisitofu sokugonya. “Intsholongwane ihamba ngesantya sayo kwaye ilandela inkqubo yayo yesiqhelo yenguquko kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, intsholongwane yetshimini ejikelezayo iyaphikisana naleyo yesitofu, kuba isitofu sokugonya sithatha isigqibo ngoFebruwari kwaye siqala ukwaziswa ngo-Okthobha. Hayi njengabanye, njengemasisi, ehlala ifana nqwa”.
Akukho ngqiqweni ukugonya kuphela abantwana abasemngciphekweni
jordi ukumkanikazi
Intloko yeVirology kwiSibhedlele seSon Espases kwiiBalearic Islands
Ngo-2011, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi wacebisa ugonyo lomkhuhlane kubo bonke abantwana. Amazwe afana neNgilani aphume ayokugonya ngaloo nyaka, kodwa iSpain, nangona ingumzekelo kugonyo, ayikenzi njalo de kube kulo nyaka. Ngeli xesha lonyaka elidlulileyo sele beqalile ukugonya abantwana kuphela kwiindawo ezintathu ezizimeleyo: i-Andalusia, i-Murcia ne-Galicia.
Okokuqala yayiyingcebiso yeKomiti yeeNgcebiso zokugonywa kweSpanish Association of Pediatrics kwaye kulo nyaka uMphathiswa wezeMpilo uyifake kwishedyuli esemthethweni yokugonywa kwabantwana phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 nangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Noko ke, uFernando Sánchez Perales, umalathisi wezonyango kwiSibhedlele seYunivesithi yaseVithas Madrid La Milagrosa nomongameli woMbutho Wabantwana baseMadrid noCastilla-La Mancha uthi, “abantwana baye bagonyelwa umkhuhlane ubomi babo bonke. Kodwa kude kube ngoku kuphela abona bantu basemngciphekweni baye bagonywa, phantse ngama-30% e-10% yabo bonke abantwana, abangabo basemngciphekweni.
Sishiywe kade kuba kumazwe afana ne-US bagonya abo bangaphantsi kwe-18 kunye ne-Ireland ukuya kuthi ga kwi-17. "Oko kukuthi, sihamba nobuncinci kunye neminyaka eyi-10 ngasemva," ugxininisa uLejarazu.
Sishiywe lixesha, amanye amazwe sele egonya abantwana bawo
URaul Ortiz waseLejarazu
Umcebisi wezenzululwazi kunye nomlawuli ophumayo weNational Influenza Centre of Valladolid
UFernando Moraga-Llop, ugqirha wabantwana kunye nombonisi weSpanish Vaccinology Association, unombono ofanayo. "I-Spanish Association of Pediatrics ingatyala ukugonywa kwendawo yonke phantsi kwe-18 njengeyona ndlela yokulawula esi sifo."
Into encomekayo, utsho uReina, "kukuba okokuqala iSebe liyincoma ngokusemthethweni, kwaye liyixhasa ngemali kweli candelo lobudala." Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isitofu sokugonya besinconywa kuphela kubantwana abanomngcipheko. Oku yayikukuphikisana okuncinci, uReina uyavuma, "ekubeni sisazi ukuba i-60% okanye i-70% yabantwana abagula ngumkhuhlane abekho emngciphekweni." Kwaye uMoraga-Llop wongeza ulwazi: ababini kwabathathu abantwana abamkelwe ngezikhalazo abanayo imingcipheko kwaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bafayo abanayo. Kwaye enye: isikhalazo sibulala lonke ixesha lonyaka phakathi kwe-14 kunye ne-20 yabantwana abasempilweni eSpain.
Iingcali ezine ziyavuma ukuba ingxaki kukuba akukho mvakalelo yokuba isikhalazo sisifo esibulalayo. “Kufuneka sichaze ukuba sisifo esiyingozi kwaye amanyathelo othintelo kufuneka athathwe, njengogonyo. Kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke ukuba bayakuxhasa ngemali”, wagxininisa uReina. "Akukho sizathu sokwenyani sokungagonywa."
Ukuze eve owona mphumo mkhulu ehlabathini, uOrtiz de Lejarazu unikela lo mzekelo ulandelayo: “Nyaka ngamnye abantu abalingana nabantu baseTshayina bosulelwa ngumkhuhlane; Ukulaliswa esibhedlele kuya kulingana noluntu lonke lwaseMadrid, ngelixa ukufa kuya kufana nabemi baseSeville, ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu, okanye njengeValencia okanye iZaragoza, ukuba akubi kakhulu.
Oogqirha babantwana bayaluthanda ugonyo
UFernando Sanchez Perales
UMlawuli wezoNyango weSibhedlele seYunivesithi yaseVithas Madrid La Milagrosa kunye noMongameli woMbutho waBantwana baseMadrid kunye noCastilla-La Mancha
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukugonywa kwabantwana, ngaphezu kwesiphumo somntu ngamnye, kunomphumela wokubambisa. Njengomlinganiselo wezempilo yoluntu: khusela abantu abadala.
UMoraga ucacisa ukuba abantwana ngabona badlala indima enkulu kuba ngabona bosulelekileyo, phakathi kwamashumi amabini ukuya kumashumi amane ekhulwini. I-transmitter yayo ephambili kunye nokuxilongwa kwayo nzima. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, "banxibelelana nabantu abaninzi". Ngamanye amazwi, inqaku lika-Queen, “bangabaqalisi, abasasazi nabagcini; kodwa nabagulayo.
Ngamaxesha omkhuhlane eSpain, ngokwenkqubo yokucupha, abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala banezehlo eziphezulu zomkhuhlane kubemi abali-100.000. Ngokutsho kuka-Ortiz de Lejarazu, "umkhuhlane sisifo senkqubo esosulela ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala kwaye sibulale abantu okanye ubuthathaka babo."
Ilinde intsholongwane elandelayo yobhubhane
Inani elandayo leziganeko zezikhalazo zeentaka phakathi kweentaka, naphakathi kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kuphakamisa uloyiko lobhubhane oluzayo. E-Fernando Moraga-Llop, inkxalabo malunga nentsholongwane ye-H5 ibangela ukwanda ngakumbi kwaye yosulela kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo. UJordi Reina unembono efanayo: “I-H5 inika iimpawu ezimbi. EYurophu siye saba noqhambuko oluninzi lomkhuhlane weentaka kunokuba besinalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye eSpain amawaka eenkuku kunye nemibono kuye kwafuneka kuxhelwe”.
KuRaúl Ortiz de Lejarazu, okhathazeke kakhulu ngentsholongwane ye-H7, kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinokwenza kube lula ukufunda ngokukhawuleza malunga nohambo olusuka kwiintaka luye ebantwini ngexesha elincinci. Ukongeza, inomgangatho obaluleke kakhulu kwintsholongwane yobhubhane ukuba nosulelo oluninzi alunazimpawu, njenge-SARS-COV-
Oogqirha babantwana ngoku banendima yokweyisela abazali ngokubaluleka kokugonya abantwana babo. “Oogqirha babantwana banomdla wogonyo ngokubanzi kwaye kufuneka sibavuyise abazali,” utshilo uSánchez Perales. Koku banoncedo: izitofu ezahlukeneyo zokugonya. "Nantso indlela esiza kuyincoma ngayo."
Ukugonya abo bangaphantsi kwe-18 lelona nqanaba lilungileyo
UFernando Moraga Llop
Unyango lwabantwana kunye nesithethi seSpanish Vaccinology Association
Okunye ukuzimela sele kukhethe ukubandakanya izitofu ezintsha zokugonya abantwana kwiishedyuli zabo zokugonya ezisemthethweni zesizini ezayo (2023-2024). Abanye bayayivavanya. Kulo nyaka i-Community of Murcia isebenzise iinketho ezintsha kwixesha elizayo, iCastilla y León sele ivakalise; nto leyo esenza sicinge ukuba olunye ukuzimela lungalandela le ndlela.
ithuba lebhayoloji
U-Ortiz de Lejarazu wongeza enye inyani efanelekileyo. "Ixesha lokuqala wosulelwa yintsholongwane entsha yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela evelisa iseli yomzimba ekuvumela ukuba usabele ngcono kwintsholongwane."
Iingcali zenza amaphulo abalulekileyo okusasaza amayeza okugonya kwiintsapho. "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iintsapho zazi ukuba ukugonywa komkhuhlane kuyacetyiswa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, kwaye izitofu zixhaswa ngemali yiNkqubo yezeMpilo yeSizwe ukwenzela ukuba bathathe ukuba bagonywe."
Ekugqibeleni, uMoraga-Llop akafuni ukuyihoya inyani yokuba izitofu zokugonya kufuneka zilawulwe ngabasebenzi bezempilo. "Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzigonye."
