Amadangatye ayaqhubeka ukwenza umonakalo eBerrocal (Huelva) kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo emva kokuba acinywa. Ihlathi le-cork oak elatsha ngo-2004 alikafumaneki. Usodolophu inxalenye yokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi okwenziwa emva komlilo okhohlakeleyo oqale eMinas de Riotinto awuphumelelanga kwaye namhlanje imiphumo yayo ayiyona nje indawo engqongileyo kodwa, ngaphezu kwayo yonke, intlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Abemi bale dolophu bancitshiswe ngesiqingatha, ukuvunwa kwezikhonkwane kungaphantsi kwesinye kwisithathu sento ebiyiyo kwaye uninzi lweeprojekthi ebezifunwa ngabamelwane babo zilityelwe. “Ubomi butshintshe ngokupheleleyo. Kwakukho isondlo, intsalela minyaka le ezisa inzuzo kwaye iphelile, utshilo usodolophu, uFrancisca García Márquez. Imifanekiso yemililo etshabalalisayo yeentsuku zamva nje eSpain ivuselele idrama yabantu baseBerrocal. Lo mlilo uqale ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe kweyeKhala washiya iihektare ezingama-27 ngeveki, iBerrocal iyeyona ndawo itshatyalaliswe kakhulu. Ifanekiselwa njengowona mlilo mkhulu kule nkulungwane eSpain, kodwa sele igqitywe ngothuthu ngeehektare ezingama-31.000 ezincitshisiweyo zaba yiLosacio (Zamora). I-Siguen Cortes de Pallás (i-Valencia), eyathi ngo-2012 yanda kwiihektare ezingama-28.879 kwaye yabhalwa unyaka nonyaka eSierra de la Culebra (Zamora), ekugqibeleni yafikelela kwi-24.737,95 yeehektare. “Ngazo zonke iindlela owujongileyo, ibiyintlekele kwaye ishiye uphawu kuthi olungasoze lucime,” utsho usodolophu. “Eyethu ibulele”, ushwankathela uJuan Ramón García Bermejo, umongameli wokopolotyeni waseSan José. Phambi komlilo, umhlaba weehektare ezingama-12,000 abawuphetheyo wavelisa umyinge we-330,000 yeekhilogram zesikhokho, abathi kamva bazithengisa. Ngoku imveliso eqhelekileyo ingaphantsi kwesithathu, i-103.000 kilos, kwaye iyawa. I'La seca' yenza umonakalo phakathi kwe-oki yesikhokho esisindileyo emlilweni. “Kulo nyaka uphelileyo sisuse iikhilogram ezingama-46.000 kwaye kulo nyaka ziza kuba ngaphantsi,” wakhalaza uGarcía Bermejo. Imithi ephinde yatyalwa ekwazileyo ukuphumelela ayinakuxhatshazwa nakwelinye ishumi leminyaka: ifuna ubuncinci iminyaka engama-30 ukuqalisa ukuvelisa. Ngaphambi Emva kokujikeleza kweBerrocal, emva komlilo kunye neminyaka eyi-18 kamva Ngenkxaso yeeprojekthi zeJuan Romero ezilahlekileyo "Yintlekele kubomi babantu, ngaphandle kwento yokuba iphelisa ubomi bakho," kusho uJuan Romero, umhlali wedolophu owathi. wadala Fuegos Nunca Más iqonga emva amava. Wayeyinxalenye yentsebenziswano yabanini abancinci abavelisa isikhokho. Iikhilomitha zeekhilogram ezikhutshwe zanika malunga ne-600.000 yee-euro ukuba zihambe, wakhumbula. Kwaye amalungu ayo aye aqalisa izifundo zoqeqesho ukuze afunde indlela yokulungisa imveliso: babefuna ukuziguqula ngokwabo ukuba babe zizithinteli zewayini. Injongo yayikukudala ingqesho nokulungisa abemi. Kodwa umlilo uphelise yonke into. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuvunwa kwezikhonkwane akuvelisi malunga ne-70.000 yee-euro kwaye iphupha lokuba ngabavelisi bezikhonkwane liye lanqunyanyiswa. “Ngewaka leekhintili esizikhuphayo, uyaphi,” utshilo. Ngaphambi Emva kokujikeleza kweBerrocal, emva komlilo kunye neminyaka eyi-18 kamva Nge-Courtesy of Juan Romero Umhlaba, kancinci kancinci, uye wahlaziya. Amatyholo kunye neerockroses zikhulile kwaye ngokunjalo nemithi. Kodwa azibuzali ubungento bee-oki ze-holm nee-oki ze-cork iinkulungwane zakudala. UJuan Romero uthi: “Ihlathi lisathotywa isidima. Kwakukho abafuyi beenyosi abalahlekelwa zizindlu zangasese ngaloo nyaka kunye nokuveliswa kwezi zilandelayo. Kwakukho ii-oki zeenkulungwane zakudala, iifama ze-partridge ezilahlekileyo kunye nokuzingela oovimba abaye bahla. "Icandelo lezilwanyana laxhatshazwa, ngeehagu, ukufuya iinyosi ... yonke into iphelile," utsho usodolophu. Bubungqina nje bomgangatho ophindaphindwayo ngabemi baseBerrocal: ihlathi livelisa umsebenzi kwaye kufuneka silijonge. Phambi Kwasemva Kwendawo engqonge iBerrocal, Nasemva komlilo kunye neminyaka eyi-18 kamva I-Courtesy of Juan Romero iya kugubungela ukukhuliswa kwamahlathi. UJuan Romero, okwalilungu leEcologists in Action uthi: “Ama-60 ekhulwini abantu abaphindayo abaphumelelanga. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuphinda kuhlaziywe, ukungabikho kokubeka iliso kwiprojekthi kunye nesomiso kwabanika ukugqiba, uqinisekisa uGarcía Márquez. Namhlanje, abahlali abaninzi baseBerrocal bayekile ukusebenza kwiifama zabo kwaye, kunye noku, umsebenzi wokucoca uphelile, ngoko umngcipheko womlilo ukhula kwiminyaka. Uncedo olwalunikelwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo ngenxa yoku lwanyamalala. “Ezi ntsapho azinagalelo lokukwazi ukwenza uphuculo nokuba umlilo ungafiki kuphinde kuthathwe yonke into,” utsho usodolophu. Ibango loncedo likuwo onke amanqanaba: i-European Union, urhulumente kunye noluntu oluzimeleyo. ISpain ifuna umaleko wehlathi. Ishumi leminyaka lentshabalalo eValencia Amava enzeke kwidolophu yaseValencia yaseCortes de Pallás. Yachatshazelwa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ngomnye wemililo emikhulu yale nkulungwane yaseSpeyin, eyatshabalalisa iihektare ezingama-28.879. Emva komlilo, ukunyuka kwabemi ababhalisiweyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo kwatshintsha umkhwa wayo kwaye basuka ngaphezu kwewaka labemi ukuya kwi-800. “Kwiminyaka elishumi ihlathi alisekho njengoko lalinjalo, yaye alisayi kuba njalo kweminye ishumi. Ihlathi lalineminyaka engama-70 ubudala ", utsho uJavier Olivares, owayephethe indawo yokuzingela e-Andilla (Valencia). Lo mmandla uphinde wachatshazelwa ngumlilo omkhulu owatshabalalisa iihektare ezingama-20.065 XNUMX nowaqalisa usuku olunye kuphela ngaphandle kwalowo useCortes de Pallás. Yayisisiganeko esichukumisayo sasehlotyeni esisikhumbuza esi sangoku: “Andifuni kubukela iindaba kuba zihlala zibuhlungu. Kwaye kusele inyanga ngaphambi kokuba amaqondo obushushu ehle,” utshilo. Intaba etshisiweyo ye-Andilla, i-Valencia, kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo e-Efe Abo bahlala kwiindawo eziye zabandezeleka ngumlilo onjalo bayazi ukuba ukuchacha kunzima. Iminyaka yokuqala iyamangalisa, nakukhenketho: "Akukho mntu ufuna ukuya kubona imbubhiso," utshilo u-Olivares. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, ukuziva ulahliwe kunye nokungabi namandla kuyasinda. Abantu abasuka ngaphandle bayibona iluhlaza kwaye abawuboni umahluko, kodwa abo bahlala benyathela kuyo bayazi ukuba akusayi kuphinda kufane ixesha elide. Kwakukho i-hawthorns, ijuniper okanye i-oki ye-gall, kunye namatyholo afana ne-rose hips okanye i-rosemary. Ukugqibela kwakhe ngabo babangela ukuvakalelwa kukuba intsimi iyahluma, kodwa imithi iyacotha. Kwaye oko kubonakala nakwizilwanyana. Emva komlilo, umsebenzi wokuzingela awuvumelekanga ukulinda iminyaka emibini. Emva koko ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. “Izilo azinandawo yokuhlala, azinakutya kwaye zithatha iminyaka eliqela ukuchacha. Ngoku sele izingelwa, ngakumbi iihagu zasendle,” utsho uOlivares. Kodwa ukuzingela kwezilwanyana ezincinci kwakugxininiswe okomzuzwana kumanqaku ambalwa. Nangona kunjalo, "abazingeli batyala imali yokubuyisela umhlaba" ngaphandle koncedo loLawulo, utsho uLorena Martínez Frígols; umongameli womfelandawonye wabazingeli boluntu. Babeka izinto zokutya, iziselo okanye izihlenga ukunika izibonelelo kwizilwanyana xa ezi zinqabile, nokuba kusemva komlilo okanye ehlotyeni. Ulawulo lwasemva komlilo “Into engenakubakho kukuba kukho umlilo kwaye yonke into iyatsha. Ulawulo kufuneka lucoce intaba,” ukhalaza uOlivares. Ngaloo ndlela, i-mosaic landscaping ephula ukuqhubeka kwehlathi kwaye ithintele i-biomass engaphezulu lukhetho oluya kuba nexabiso elingakumbi kulawulo lomhlaba wethu, wachaza unjingalwazi we-Ecology kwiYunivesithi yaseBarcelona kunye nomphandi we-CREAF, eSantiago. UMgqibelo. Umgangatho weendaba eziyeleleneyo Hayi. Urhulumente uyazivuselela ngokuchasene nomlilo emva kokushiya isicwangciso sithe cwaka iminyaka emibini Érika Montañés umgangatho Hayi I-WHO iqikelela ukubhubha kwabantu abayi-1.700 eSpain nasePortugal kulo nyaka ngenxa yamaza obushushu Nangona “iresiphi efanayo ayinakusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo. ”, yinto ephambili ukuba umhlaba ubuyise izinto eziphilayo, wachaza u-Sabate. Ukusuka apho, kufuneka uvavanye imeko nganye. Ngenxa yokuba ihlathi leMeditera lilungele ukusinda xa sitshatyalaliswa: kukho iindidi ezifana nompayina waseAleppo, ombewu yazo ikhuselweyo; okanye um-oki wesikhokho, onokuntshula kwisiphunzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezinye i-ecosystems ziyakwazi ukuvuselela ngokwazo kwaye zifuna kuphela umsebenzi wenkxaso wokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi. Nangona, kwezinye, kucwangciswe ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo, kubandakanywa nezo zixhathisayo kwimozulu yemozulu. “Sinembali emhlabeni, kodwa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zahlukile,” utshilo uSabate. Imalunga nokuthintela imililo engalawulekiyo ekubekeni ubomi babantu esichengeni, okusingqongileyo kunye nokuhlalisana kwayo. Kunjengokuba usodolophu waseBerrocal eqinisekisa: “Zininzi izinto ezithethwayo ngamaphandle aseSpeyin, kodwa ukuba akukho kamva emahlathini, liliphi ikamva elikhoyo ezidolophini?
