Zingaphi iimbumba zezopolitiko ezisa igama elithi usapho kwizilogeni zabo? Luthini uluvo lwakho ngengcamango? Umzekelo wamva nje nguJair Bolsonaro, waseBrazil. Umzabalazo wosapho usaqulunqwa ngokwemveli, iingcali zezentlalo zithi, xa kusisiseko sokukhula nokukhula komntu. Abacebisi abahlalutya iintetho zeenkokeli zethu bachaza ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha amaqela aqhubela phambili esebenzisa eli gama, alishumi angaphezulu alisebenzisayo. Kodwa kutheni? Ngaba kukho injongo 'yokucima' okanye ukonakalisa indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa lusapho kuluntu kwicala lasekhohlo?
Amabinzana amabini ngu-Irene Montero abangele isiphithiphithi esikhulu kwiiveki zamva nje. Ukuthethelela imfuno yemfundo ngesondo, iSebe lezoLingano lathi lizimisele ukuyisasaza "ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kweentsapho." Le ngxelo ivule iingcango zemibutho yabazali.
UMaría José Solé, umalathisi wombutho woomama nooTata eCatalonia wathi: “Umphathiswa uyayigatya indima yentsapho kwimfundo engokwesini nawo onke amalungelo abazali abanawo njengabona bafundisi baphambili babantwana bethu. Kuyanda ungenelelo lwamagunya oluntu kumalungelo abazali, bazama ukusishiya ecaleni sibe singabo sazi kakuhle ukuba abantwana bethu badinga ntoni”.
“Baphazamisana rhoqo”
Isivakalisi sesibini somphathiswa—enoba sitolikwe ngokutsha okanye asichazwanga—sabonisa ukuba abantwana “banelungelo lokukwazi ukuthanda nabani na abamfunayo” nokuqinisekisa amalungelo abo okuzala “lisango lokuya kuwo onke amalungelo abo.” Xa wayephekwa ngemibuzo, uMontero wemka ngelithi abazali ababambelele kwimithetho yemithetho bacinezela ngakumbi, bawahlutha amalungelo abantwana babo. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba, ngakwesobunxele kuya kuphakamisa i-vetoes ebekwe kubantu abatsha kwinguqu yabo yesini (iTrans law) okanye kwisigqibo seprojekthi yabo yobomi ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-16 (umthetho wokukhupha isisu). UVox wahlasela "urhudo olusemthethweni lukaRhulumente, ngengozi yokuba lubandakanya abantwana kulo." I-PP yacela ukuba yenze umthetho ngaphandle "kwehlelo" kwaye ngaphandle kokumisela nayiphi na imodeli yentsapho kwenye. Iimvavanyo zinokubiza.
"Oorhulumente baphazamisa ngakumbi nangakumbi indima yabazali kwaye baxhaphaza ilungelo lokufundisa abantwana babo"
UMaria Jose Sole
UMlawuli weManyano yeMares i Pares
USolé wathelekisa oku: “Oorhulumente basekunene abangeneleli kangako kwimibandela yamalungelo abazali, ngoxa abo basekhohlo baqhubeka begxuphuleka ngokungathi banegunya lobuzali. Ababathembi abazali babo kwaye bazama ukusibuyisela endaweni yethu”.
Le mpikiswano isikhumbuza oko kwavuka xa owayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezeMfundo u-Isabel Celaá wathi "abantwana akubona abazali, kodwa kuRhulumente", ebhekisela kwinto yokuba uxanduva lwemfundo yabo lwawela kuLawulo. Kodwa ngaba abazali abanako ukuwahlutha amalungelo abantwana babo? Ngaba kukho iibhena ezithintelweyo ngakumbi phakathi kwabantwana abakhuliswe kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye leengcamango spectrum? Ngaba loo migca ibomvu ifanele iphawulwe nguRhulumente okanye ziintsapho? Iingcali kwiimpendulo.
Isithintelo
Isithandi sobulumko kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho uGregorio Luri wakhetha ukucinga ukuba uMontero "wayeyixhoba elingenangqondo kwi-hememence yakhe" kungenelelo lwakhe, nangona engayikhanyeli into yokuba ekhohlo, ukusuka eSartre, Simone de Beauvoir kunye nekhava eyathi ngo-1977 yafumana inkanyezi yomfundi Ifilosofi yaseParis kwi-'Le Monde' isoloko ityhola iintsapho ezigcina isithethe ngokunqanda ukwabelana ngesondo kwabantwana. Kodwa… «kutheni siza kuyivula le ngxoxo-mpikiswano xa iYurophu sele iyivalile? Uyazibuza uLuri. Ulwalamano oluvumelanayo ebuntwaneni alumkhululi umntu omdala kwiimbopheleleko zakhe. Undoqo bubulumko. Abanye abezopolitiko benza iintetho ezingakholelwayo kubo”.
"Ukuba ekhohlo lizama ukuphazamisa indima yosapho esikolweni, ngokuqinisekileyo uluntu lujongene nokuqinisa loo nxaxheba ngokuxhalabisa ngakumbi nangakumbi ngemfundo yabantwana balo." Yaye wongezelela ngelithi: “Ngasekhohlo kukho inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokugqala intsapho njengeziko elinemilinganiselo enyulu. Ezinye iindlela zosapho abangakholelwa kuzo zonakele, zigqwethiwe okanye zilungelelanisiwe.
KuJavier Rodríguez, umlawuli weQonga leNtsapho, ukuphazamisa indima yeziko losapho akuyona into engaphandle kwekhohlo kuphela. “Iingcamango eziguquguqukayo ezisefashonini zihlasela zombini ukusasazwa kwenkcubeko kunye neengcambu ezinokukhokelela kubuntu obungahambelaniyo nemigaqo yayo. Ngenxa yoko ukubekelwa amabala konqulo olunye kuphela, isini esinye, okanye uhlobo olunye lwentsapho.” “Kwicandelo lolwimi, ngelishwa baye bafumana uloyiso olukhulu, bebhala ‘njengoyena mkhulu’ nabani na ongazamkeliyo iithiyori zabo. Le ngcamango 'yi-familyophobic'”.
Uphosa umva kuMontero: “Andihambisani neembono zakhe kwaphela ngemfundo, kodwa ibingasoze ithi qatha into yokuba ndimcebise ukuba afundise abantwana bakhe ngokwemigaqo yam. Andizimiselanga kunyanzelisa indlela yam yokufundisa, engeyiyo into echaseneyo. Ndixelele ke ukuba ngubani onenkululeko eqatha okanye yokuwisa”.
Imfundo yokwabelana ngesondo enyanzelekileyo
Kwityala le-radical eshiywe neentsapho, imfundo yesini esisinyanzelo ngoku ifakiwe kumbhobho wovavanyo, kodwa iingcali ziyayigxeka into yokuba zifuna ukufundisa “ngesondo”. “Inika umbono – ubhala watsho uNjingalwazi José Antonio Marina – ukuba thina bantu badala asicacanga ngalo mba kwaye sisasaza ukubhideka kwethu ebantwaneni. Isikolo masisuswe kwelinye icala kwaye elinye, kwiingcamango, asingomqobo wokuphazamiseka kwentlalo. Abazali abaninzi abayithembi inkqubo yemfundo yokufundisa ngesini, kodwa abazi ukuba bangayenza njani na loo nto, yaye ukubukela imifanekiso engamanyala kuya kukhawulezisa yonke imihla.
Ukuphulaphula ilizwi leBhodi eLawulayo yeKholeji esemthethweni yeeNgqondo zengqondo yaseMadrid u-Amaya Prado, oyimfuneko ekufundiseni isifundo eklasini ngaphandle kokuvelisa amathandabuzo amaninzi phakathi kwabantwana okanye ukubangela ukuxhatshazwa ngokomzwelo. “Ukunqongophala kwalo mxholo kuyancomeka kwaye iziphumo zawo zibonwa kuphuhliso lwamakhwenkwe, ukunqongophala kolwazi kunye neengcinga ezigqwethekileyo ezivelisa ukuziphatha okugwenxa kubomi babo - uyagxininisa-. Ukongeza, kukho ukunqongophala kwemvisiswano malunga nokuba le mfundo yezesondo kufuneka ibe yintoni, kwaye kukho ukungabikho kwentlonipho kwezinye iingcamango ngaphezu kwabanye, kunye nezikhundla ezigqithisileyo ".
“Ekhohlo kukho imeko entsonkothileyo ekuthetheni ngentsapho njengeziko elinemilinganiselo enyulu”
UGregorio Luri
Ifilosofi kunye nemfundo
Ngokwembono yale ngcaphephe kwizifundo zengqondo, “kubalulekile ukuba imfundo engokwesini iqwalaselwe kwiintsapho ekubeni abantwana bebancinane kakhulu, abaqali bekwishumi elivisayo; kuphuhliso lwendaleko amaxhala avela kwaye kubalulekile ukuthetha nabo ngothintelo, umzekelo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo”. Iresiphi? “Isikolo kunye neentsapho mazihamba kunye. I-Paternity ayinayo i-ideological overtones; ubawo umele acace ukuba iimfuno zabantwana bakhe zingaphezu kweenkolelo zakhe.
U-Ismael Sanz, unjingalwazi wezoQoqosho ofake isicelo kwimfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseRey Juan Carlos, ubonisa ukuba isiqalo sisengaphambili: iingenelo zabantwana zokubhaliswa kwizikolo apho abazali babo bafuna ukuya khona. "Undoqo yinkululeko yokuzikhethela iziko kunye nokwahluka kwesithembiso -uyaqaphela-. Into ekufuneka yenziwe nguLawulo kukuxhalaba ngakumbi malunga nokubonelela ngenkxaso kumaziko kunye nolo luhlu lweenkqubo ukuze iintsapho zikhethe lowo uziqinisekisayo. Ichaphazela abo babandakanyekayo kuphela kwaye akukho mntu kufuneka angenelele kule ndawo”.
Kwelakhe icala, uFrancisco Venzalá, umongameli wombutho wabafundisi-ntsapho bezikolo zikawonke-wonke i-ANPE, uxhaphakile, esithi imfundo mayithintelwe kwizincoko zobupolitika nokuba ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugibisela. “Ngaphandle kokwabelwa ngokunyanzeliswayo, imfundo yezesondo sele iyinxalenye yezinto eziqulethwe yizifundo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa namhlanje ibiya kwamkelwa ngokugocagoca okuninzi, kanye ngenxa yempikiswano ekhoyo. Ukuhanjiswa kwakhe, nokuba ibiyi-aseptic kunye nobuchwephesha kangakanani, inokukhokelela kungquzulwano ”. Ngokutsho kukaVenzalá, kukho "imiyalezo ethi, nangona ngelishwa inokuthi ikhutshwe kwimeko, kufuneka izame ukungaqondakali, ngakumbi kwimiba enzima kangaka kuluntu."
