Muna 2005, Xavier Melgarejo akadzivirira doctorate yake muPedagogy paRamon Llull University, akazozivikanwa mubhuku 'Maita basa, Finland. Tingadzidzei mugadziriro yedzidzo inobudirira zvikuru?' Melgarejo akasimbisa zvinhu zviviri: vadzidzi chete vane giredhi rakatanhamara muBaccalaureate vanogona kuwana basa rekudzidzisa uye hurongwa hwese hwedzidzo huchatongwa ne'National Core Curriculum of Basic Education', yakagadziridzwa ne'Finnish National Board of Education'. Muna 1953 South Korea yakanga yava matongo. Nerubatsiro rweUS kusanganisira kugutsikana kwakazara kwevanhu kuti dzidzo - hupfumi hwevanhu veNyika- ichava nzira yakajairika yerusununguko, uye budiriro yakashandura kuve mutengesi wesimba reindasitiri kunze kwenyika tekinoroji kupasi rose. Hurongwa hwayo hwedzidzo hwatove muenzaniso wepasi rose. Yakawana gwara reSouth Korea richienzaniswa neSpain muhafu yezana ramakore rapfuura: muna 1960, iyo GNP (mari yenyika) pamugari weKorea yaive chikamu chechina cheiyo yeSpain. Hafu yezana remakore gare gare yakanga yatova 20% yakakwirira kudarika yedu. South Korea yakanga yatora dzidzo zvakakomba, isu takanga tisina. "Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Estonia yakava iyo Finland itsva", "Estonia, yakanakisa dzidzo muEurope", misoro yayo ichangoburwa. Zvinoenderana neyazvino vhezheni yePISA (2018), Estonia ndiyo nyika yekutanga yeEurope pakuverenga kunzwisisa, masvomhu uye sainzi yechisikigo. Dzidzo yekudzidzisa ndeyechinyakare, asi nekusimbisa kwakawedzerwa padhijitari. Estonia inokoka zvishoma mudzidzo, asi ine vadzidzi vakanaka kwazvo uye vashoma vanobudirira. Mugwaro redzidzo yehurumende zvinonzi vadzidzisi havafanirwe kuterera masirogani evezvematongerwo enyika. Munyika dzakawanda, chikoro chinoshandiswa semudziyo wekusimbisa kutonga kwevezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro penzanga. Estonia yakamiririra mhando yakasiyana. Hurumende inoshandisa hutongi hwayo kuburikidza nekugadziridza padanho renyika pakupera kwechikoro chekumanikidza uye chikoro chesekondari. Spain, nyika yekumusha kwevatsva veNobel muMedicine, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, baba vemazuva ano neuroscience, vanogona kupa yakanakisa dzidzo pasirese pasina chikonzero chekuenda kuFinland, South Korea kana Estonia. Muna 1906, Segismundo Moret, mukuru webato rakasununguka, aida kuita Cajal mushumiri: "Iwe uchava Mushumiri wangu wePublic Instruction." mavhiki akazotevera d. Santiago akanyorera D. Segismundo, achibvisa chivimbiso chake uye achireverera kusarongeka kwake zvakanyanya sezvinobvira: "Yakanga iri chimera kuita basa guru rekusimudzira kwedu kwekudzidzisa." Cajal akashora, zvishoma nezvishoma, “chikanganiso chikuru chedzidziso chakatenderwa nemutemo wekugovewa kunotyisa kwezvidzidzo pasina kurangarira chikamu chinoratidzira chekushanduka kwepfungwa kwevadzidzi, chaakawana kukosha kwemari mubasa redzidzo. Wedzera chimwe chikanganiso: nzira yakawandisa isinganzwisisike iyo dzidziso yesainzi inoratidzwa. Nei vadzidzisi nevanokurudzira zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa vasingafungi nezvechokwadi ichi? Muchirevo chechikamu chechipiri chebhuku rake re'Recuerdos de mi vida' anobvuma kuti «Ndinoda kupa veruzhinji kuongororwa kwakadzama kwehurongwa hwedu hwedzidzo, kuratidza huipi hwekudzidzisa nedzidzo. Nhoroondo yangu yehupenyu inogona kukurudzira avo vane hanya nedambudziko rakaoma redzidzo yenyika. " Cajal ndiye aive wekutanga kugadzira iyo synaptic theory yendangariro uye wekutanga kufambisira mberi kuti kufambisa kwekufambisa kwesynaptic ndiyo hwaro hwekudzidza. Makore zana gare gare, purezidhendi weMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Leo R. Reif akachema asingabetseri: "Kana tisingazivi madzidzisiro atinoita, tinoziva sei kudzidzisa?" Anoyemura zvikuru Cajal, shamwari yedu muUS. (University of California, UCLA), Dr. Joaquín Fuster de Carulla (Barcelona, 1930), ndiye munyori webasa rakakosha 'The Prefrontal Cortex', rave iyezvino neuroscientist anonyatsoziva uropi hwemunhu uye. mumasimba esainzi epamusoro-soro pasi rose pane prefrontal lobe, chigaro chehungwaru hwepamusoro uye nhengo yebudiriro. Fuster mune yake yazvino memoir, 'The Magic Loom of the Mind. Hupenyu hwangu mune neuroscience '(2020), muchitsauko chekupedzisira 'Neuroscience uye Dzidzo', inotsanangura kuti "simba rekuita reprefrontal cortex kugadzira icho chitsva rinoshanda segwara remadidactics emazuva ano, kukurudzira kudzidza kubva kuchikoro chepuraimari, kurovedza muviri. Kiyi yekudzidza iri mu prefrontal lobe uye, kana tichikwanisa kuishandisa, sevanhu vakuru tinosunungura zvese zvatinogona ”. Zivo inotanga muNeurology, inopfuura neNeuro-dzidzo uye inopera muNeuro-ethics: ichi ndicho chakavanzika uye nzira. Iyo prefrontal lobe, maererano naFuster, "muti wedu une ramangwana risingagumi." Cajal akaona uropi se "sango risingapindiki". Fuster akaonekwa achipindamo, uye murabhoritari yake muLos Angeles akawana maseru ekushanda ndangariro, iyo yaanofarira kudaidza kuti inoshanda memory uye ndiyo hwaro hwemaitiro ekudzidza. Kune chikamu chake, neuroscientist, Princess weAsturias Award, A. Damasio, pamakore zana Cajal achipihwa Mubairo weNobel, akanyora kuti: “'Mitambo yekurovedza muviri' -sekudanwa kwayakadanwa naCajal- inotungamira mukuwedzera kunokwanisa kuyerwa mumatunhu eNeuroanatomy anonyanyobatanidzwa mukudzidza. Neuroscience yemazuva ano inotibvumira kuyera kukura kwehuropi hwevadzidzi uye, nekudaro, kwehuwandu hwevanhu veNyika ”. José Antonio Marina anonyora musumo yeFuster's Memoirs, kuti: “Ndine chokwadi chokuti gadziriro yepfungwa yaFuster ine mikana mikuru yedzidzo. Ndinotenda kuti mazano ake ari kutungamira zvirongwa zvakakosha zvekudzidzisa muSpain ”. Akanga ambonyora kuti: “Pfungwa yekudzidza nedzidzo inogona (uye inofanira) kuvakirwa pabasa raFuster. Ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chakaitwa kubva pakuona kwetsinga. " Neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene, purezidhendi weFrench National Education Scientific Council, akazivisa kuti: "Zvakakosha kuongorora dzidziso yose yechikoro cheFrench, nokuti chikoro chinofanira kuenderana nekusingaperi kweuropi." Uye akapedzisa: "Neuro-masayendisiti anofanira kushamwaridzana nevadzidzisi" (Le Point, 22.6.2017). Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakare kuongorora ese pedagogy yechikoro cheSpanish nekuti iwo mutemo wakajeka wedzidzo unoisa ramangwana reSpain panjodzi. Boka diki (asi rakavhurika) revaneurodidactics, mapiyona eramangwana Neuroeducational MIR, pasina rubatsiro rwepamutemo, rakakonzera chirongwa chedzidzo chakatsigirwa netsvakiridzo yaCajal naFuster pamusoro pepurasitiki yehuropi uye prefrontal cortex, inoshanda pakudzidzisa nekudzidza. : "Kune itsva neuro-educational paradigm yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zana repfungwa". Yekutanga (uye, kusvika zvino, iyo yega) Neuro-didactic Unit Prototype yakaunzwa pa'Joaquín Fuster Chair muCognitive Neuroscience' (Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia-UCLA). Akawana kuongororwa kwachiremba Joaquín Fuster pachake. "Inoyemurika, inyanzvi, yakadzama, ine nguva uye yakananga prototype, ine gakava rekudzidzisa zvakakwana zvinoenderana nenharo yangu yeurouroscientific." Kutanga kubva pane iyi prototype, iyo Neuro-didactic National Curriculum for Basic Education iri kutevedzana, iyo inozogadzira zvishoma nezvishoma zvirevo zvitatu zveCajal: Kutanga: "Zvakakosha kumutsa kuda kuziva kwehungwaru hunyoro, kukunda pamusoro pebasa rekudzidzisa, moyo uye njere dzevadzidzi. Chechipiri: "Zvakakosha kuzunungusa nesimba sango reropi dzeuropi dzakarara, dziite kuti dzizununguke nemanzwiro ezvitsva uye kuisa mavari kufunganya kwakanaka uye kwakakwirira." Chechitatu: "Kugadzira huropi hwepakutanga: uku ndiko kukunda kukuru kwevadzidzisi." Uku ndikowo kukunda kukuru kwe… remangwana Spanish neuro-educational system?
