Kuwedzera kupisa nekuoma kwezhizha - uye zvitubu - zviri kukanganisa zviwanikwa zvemvura. Iwo madhiri eMadrid anotambura nezviitiko izvi: vatanga mwedzi waKubvumbi pamakumi matanhatu nesere muzana ehukwanisiro hwavo, uye vane mwedzi yakawanda yekudiwa kwakanyanya pamberi pavo, munharaunda ine vanhu vakawanda kwazvo munyika, 68 vagari pamativi mana. kiromita.. Asi kuti uzadze madhiri, donhwe rega rega rekupedzisira rine basa. Uye nekuda kweizvi, Nharaunda inodzidza nzira yekuwana yakanyanya huwandu hwemvura inokwanisika pasi. Chimwe chinhu icho, dzimwe nguva, chinodiwa kubvisa miti.
Bazi rinoona nezvezvakatipoteredza rakaparura chirongwa cheHidroforest mwedzi yapfuura, chekuchengetedza makomo akatenderedza madhamu uye kuona kuti mvura yakawanda zvikuru inosvika paari. Inosanganisira marapirwo akasiyana-siyana, kuchekerera, kubviswa kwezvinomera, kushandiswa kwemasango, kudzorerazve, rinsing, matanho ekudzivirira kuputika kwevhu ... zvose kuti zviwedzere simba rayo rekuunganidza mvura.
Ichi chirongwa chinopihwa mari ne4 miriyoni euros yeResilience Shanduko uye Recovery Plan, iyo inosanganisira zviito pa570 mahekita munzvimbo makumi maviri nenomwe dzekushandiswa neveruzhinji mumaguta makumi maviri nemaviri emakomo, kubva kuAlameda del Valle kuenda kuLozoya, Buitrago de la Sierra, Berzosa del Lozoya, La Hiruela kana Prádena del Rincón, pakati pevamwe. "Nharaunda yeMadrid - akatsanangura mukuru mukuru weBiodiversity and Natural Resources weBazi Rezvakatipoteredza, Luis del Olmo- inoda mvura yakawanda kupa vanhu mamiriyoni manomwe vanogara mairi, uye hatigoni kuirega ichirasika. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuita nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kudzikamisa masango akawanda uye kuzviita nenzira yakakwana, kutsvaga kuenzana pakati pemvura inodiwa nemasango uye inodiwa nemadhamu ".
Apa ndipo panopinda eco-hydrological study iri kuitwa neBazi rakabatana nePolytechnic University yeValencia (UPV), kuongorora kuti masango eMadrid anobatsira sei mukusefa kwemvura, uye nechinangwa chekuwedzera mvura iyi iyo Inosvika. yakasefa kumadziva emugomba weMadrid mune angangoita 200.000 cubic metres pagore.
Kuti izvi zvigoneke, chidzidzo chinoshanda chinotanga kuitwa pa1.000 square kilometres yenyika muSierra Norte, ichiongorora mhando yezvinomera uye huwandu hwezvienzaniso zviripo, hunhu hwenyika - hwezvinhu zvinoiumba- mutsetse wainopa, kana kusefa kwayo–, pamwe nechiyero chemwando mumhepo kana maawa emumvuri munzvimbo imwe neimwe.
Nekuda kwekuongorora uku, zvakaonekwa kuti nzvimbo yakanaka yekuita chidzidzo yaive terminus yeBraojos. Uye ikoko anga achishanda kwenguva yakati uye timu yaisanganisira Antonio del Campo, purofesa wemasango hydrology uye watershed management paUPV. “Nzvimbo yacho yakasarudzwa nemhaka yokuti inoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha pakugadzirwa kwemvura nokutarisira masango: iri pakati nepakati pemateru, izvo zvinoita kuti basa rive nyore; materu ayo anokukurwa zvinyoronyoro, ivhu rejecha rine simba rekusefa; sango rakawanda uye mhepo inotonhorera, uko kusinganyanyi kubuda mhepo ”, akatsanangura.
Nyanzvi kubva kuPolytechnic University yeValencia kudzidza, pamwe neCanal de Isabel II, maitiro ekuvandudza kushanda kwemasango.
Vanamazvikokota vanoti, pamiti 2.500 70 pahekita imwe chete yenzvimbo iyi, chikamu che40 percent midiki zvikuru uye haina remangwana nekuti mikuru yacho inokwikwidzana zvine mutsindo kuwana mvura. Zvisinei, “mienzaniso iyi ine simba duku rokukura inopedza 200.000 muzana yemvura yose inoshandiswa nesango. Kana huwandu hwemvura uhu hukapinda muvhu, zvinogona kureva XNUMX XNUMX mamwe macubic metres emvura pagore pabheseni iroro”.
Icho chinhu che ecohydrological Forestry; sokutaura kwakaita Purofesa Del Campo, “munzvimbo yakakora zvikuru yemiti, unofanira kunwisa munhu wose nemvura inonaya; vadyi vake vakawanda patafura. Musango risina kubatwa, zvisikwa hazvibatanidzi vasina simba nekufamba kwenguva. Vemasango vanokurumidzisa kuita uku nekuti kune chido chevanhu, ndokusaka miti isina ramangwana ichidyarwa ichibviswa”. Iyo inzira ye "kuchengetedza kurwisana pakati pavo, iyo inoparadza zviwanikwa zvemvura." Uye saka 'kune mvura yakawanda, nokuti iyo yakasara haidi zvakanyanya, uye yakasimba, yakawanda hydrated pamberi pemoto kana kupisa kwakanyanya'.
Piezometers uye sensors
Muchidzidzo chiri kuitwa neboka kubva kuPolytechnic yeValencia, "tinoyera mvura, kuti inofamba sei, chii chiri mamiriro ayo pasi ...". Kuti vaite izvi, vanoshandisa piezometers (kuferefeta pasi uye kuona kuti mvura yepasi inofamba sei), ivhu remvura sensors ("tinoona kuti chiratidzo chinoshanduka sei zvichienderana nokuti pane mvura yakawanda kana shoma"); uye kuunganidza kufema kubva pamuti (uchishandisa sap flow sensors).
Tsvagiridzo yacho ichawedzera kusvika muna 2026, kuitira kuti iunganidze data rakakwana kuita mhedziso. “Miti mizhinji midiki, ukobvu hweruoko kana mhuru, kana ichienzaniswa nemikuru, ine dhayamita 30 masendimita.” Pakati peiyo 70 muzana yezvienzaniso zviduku, zvichida zvingangove zvakakodzera kubvisa "inenge 50 muzana, uye nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chokuti mvura yakawanda inopinda muvhu."
Atarisana nokuzvidzwa uko ikoku kungamutsa pakati pevanoongorora zvakatipoteredza, anoyeuka kuti “masango anofanira kucheneswa; kwagara kune kudyidzana nevarume; tine masango 'emudzimba'”. Mukuona kwake, kushandiswa kutsva uye masosi esimba zvakabatsira pakuita kuti izvi zvinyanye kukosha: nezvimwewo. Kuregeredza sango kune mhedzisiro ". Pane kudaro, akapokana, "kana ndikachenesa, ndinoderedza njodzi yemoto, ndinosika biomass uye kune mvura yakawanda."
