Nekuda kwezvivakwa zvayo, muna 2022 kuchave ne243.681.775 vashanyi. Bhizinesi varume nevakadzi kana, zviri nyore, vashanyi. Aya ndiwo manhamba evatakuri veAena airport network munguva yakapfuura uye kune idzi dzinofanirwa kuwedzerwa dzimwe nhamba senge ndege dzakasvika uye dzakasiya zviteshi zvayo, matani emarara akagadzirwa, mvura inopedzwa kana gigawatts inoshandiswa kuvheneka zvivakwa. Huwandu hwese uhwu hwakatariswa kwemakore gumi naAna Salazar López-Pedraza, ane mutoro wekuchengetedza maneja weSpanish airport. Pakutanga "yaidzorwa kuti kushandiswa hakuna kumira, ikozvino kurima kwakasimba", anopindura. Makore maviri apfuura, kambani yeSpanish yakanyorwa yakaratidza hurongwa hwayo hwekusimudzira kusvika zero emissions muna 2040 uye "idambudziko guru". Dambudziko nekuda kwehuwandu hwevashanyi uye vatambi vakasiyana vanobatanidzwa mukuita kweairport. "Miyero imwe chete yatinozvimisira, saka tinogona kubatsira decarbonise chikamu," akatsanangura. Kunyangwe, "kune kunonoka," ane tarisiro pamusoro pekuronga.
-Muna 2021, iwe wakaratidzira yako yekusimbisa zano, iyo nzira yemugwagwa yakaita sei?
-Tinoziva kukosha kwekufambiswa kwemhepo muhupfumi hwenyika uye zvakare yakashata mamiriro ekunze. Isu tinoziva kuti tinofanirwa kudzikisa kukanganisa uku, asi tisingaderedze pundutso yezvifambiso izvi kuvanhu. Izvi, zvishoma, zvinokurudzira kubvumidza hurongwa hwedu hwe2022-2026, uko kusimba kunogonesa uye, pamusoro pezvose, kunowanikwa kusangano rose, kuzvipira kwedu hakugone kutaurirana. Parizvino, zvakaoma kudzikisira kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuti mune dzimwe mhinduro dzetekinoroji hadzina kukura. Nekudaro, kugadziridzwa kweiyo nyowani 2021-2030 yekusimbisa zano kudzoka kukuru, sezvo iri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mwero unoramba uchishandurwa, kuchinjirwa uye kutsungirira. Izvi zvinotitungamira kune inoenderera ongororo.
-Kana iwe uchida kuisa berere rekushandisa reiyi layer, chingave chii?
-Ndingati isu tiri panguva, kunyangwe tine kunonoka kudiki mune zvimwe zvikamu, asi isu tine maadvisor or advance forecasts.
- Mukufanana, iyo Climate Action Plan 2021-2030 ichagadzirwa zvakare. Ndeipi dhigirii yekutevedzera neyokupedzisira?
-Iyo nyaya yakakosha mukambani nyowani nekuda kwesimba rakakura iro mamiriro ekunze ane, kwete chete pasirese, asi kunyanya mundege. Chirevo chazvino cheIPCC hachina tariro uye chinomaka 2035 senguva yekupedzisira yekudzikisa kuburitswa kweCO2 kudzivirira mhedzisiro inotyisa. Makore maviri apfuura isu takaburitsa chirongwa ichi chine chekuita nehurongwa hwehutongi uye zvakare kupa maakaundi kune vanoisa mari yedu, ihwo hupenyu nekuti mamiriro anotoda. Kuti utange decarbonization, kuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvese pasi rese kwakakosha. Tine zvisungo zviviri zvakakosha: kusarerekera kwekabhoni muna 2026 uye zero emissions muna 2040. Zvese zviito uye matanho anoitwa mune ino yepakati pfungwa mukushanda kwesimba, mukushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa, mukufamba kwakasimba, mukuderedzwa kwe CO2 emissions uye decarbonization. yemaitiro uye zviitwa zveiyo value chain. Pakazosvika 2022, chinangwa chitsva chichava kuderedza kubudiswa kwekabhoni ne70% uye isu takapfuura. Takaita kufambira mberi kwakawanda mukutenga mafuta anoramba aripo, motokari dzemagetsi, kushandiswa kwemapoinzi ekuchaja uye, nekuwedzera, takaita zvidzidzo zvinogoneka zvekushandiswa kwegeothermal simba muMadrid, Barcelona uye Palma de Mallorca.
Zvidzidzo izvi zvinogoneka here?
-Hongu. Kuvhara 100% yezvinodikanwa zvekupisa muMadrid nePalma de Mallorca, kunyangwe muBarcelona nekuda kwetafura yemvura uye vharanda richange rakaderera asi richawedzerwa neaerothermal simba. Nezveizvi, mvumo yedu yekuvhara mhepo yekumisikidza neiyi simba rakachena uye kutsiva gasi kana dhiziri boilers, inova yakakosha sosi yekuburitsa.
"Hydrogen yekubhururuka inotora nguva kusvika"
-Munzira yako yekuenda ku decarbonisation, vakazvipira kuisa magetsi uye zvakare kune hydrogen muEl Prat. Chii chaunotarisira kubva kune iyi simba vector?
-Iyo ine kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yeairport. Kune rumwe rutivi, inonakidza kumabasa akamira, apo, semuenzaniso, iyo hydrogen sero inoshanda zvakanyanya kubva panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, uyezve inogona kushandiswa kumotokari dzemagetsi. Chatinoda kuedza tekinoroji iyi munzvimbo yenhandare yendege uye kuita zvidzidzo zvinodiwa nechinangwa chekuchengetedza, nekuti hydrogen ine humwe hunhu hunoda kuitwa kuti huenderane nemirairo yekuchengetedza. Mhinduro iyi yakanyanya kushanduka pane aviation hydrogen, zvinotora nguva kusvika. MuBarcelona, tiri kudzidza kushanda nayo nekuti inochengetwa patembiricha yakaderera uye yakanyanya kudzvanywa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zviome nekuti mapaipi anotakura gasi rechisikigo haawirirane, saka zvinofanirwa kunge yakanyungudutswa munhandare dzendege. . Parizvino, kushandiswa kwemafuta matsva ekufambisa nendege ekushandisa zvakamira uye pakufamba kwepasi kunoda shanduko dzakakosha kunhandare dzendege. Saka, haidrojeni haizosvika kubva nhasi kusvika mangwana, asi kuronga kunofanirwa kunge kuri panzvimbo kuitira kuti usanonoke decarbonization.
-Saka, decarbonization iyi inoenda kuburikidza nemafuta ekufambisa ndege (SAF)?
-Chaizvo. Iyo SAF inowirirana ne100% nenhandare yendege panguva ino, sezvo kuumbwa kwemafuta aya kwakafanana neaya akajairika parafini. Tine network yemapaipi anobatanidza mahombe ekunatsa papeninsula uye iri hurongwa hwakasimba kwazvo husina hutsi hunobva mukufambisa uku.
-Kana isu tine zvivakwa uye zvinogona kugadzirwa, chii chinotadzisa iyo SAF kusvika kune ndege?
-Chipingamupinyi chiri mumutengo, nokuti SAF iri pakati pematatu nekatanhatu inodhura kupfuura yakajairwa parafini. Zvatiri kuita kuAena kuparura bhonasi kuitira kuti makambani endege anoshandisa mafuta aya aderedzerwe mari yekumhara nekudaro vanokwanisa kubvisa imwe mari iyi. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemitengo yakatarwa nendege imafuta uye kukwira kwemutengo kwakakosha kunovarova zvakanyanya.
-Vanotarisira kusvika zero emissions muna 2030, iyo carbon footprint yakakamurwa kuita makumbo matatu. Chiyero 3 uye 1 chiri nyore, asi Scope 2 yakanyanya kuoma nekuda kwenyaya dzendege...
-Kukanganisa kwevafambi, tinoiverenga seAena oparesheni mukati meiyo terminal uye, semuenzaniso, kuti vanouya sei inoonekwa kunze kweiyo terminal. Chatinoda uye nekutevera ndechekuti nhandare dzedu dzendege dzive hubs dzekufamba kwakasimba uye nekuda kweizvi zvatiri kuita kugonesa nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzakachena chero nzira yekufambisa inoshandiswa nemutyairi. Munzvimbo itsva dzemapaki emotokari, nhamba huru yekuchajisa mabhazi emagetsi uye yekutakura veruzhinji vari kushanda pakugadzika majenareta ehydrogen kuitira kuti mabhazi ehydrogen epakati aende kunhandare yendege uye anogona kubhadharisa pazvivakwa zvitsva. Isu takatarisanawo nemaresitorendi nezvitoro uye zvatiri kuita pano zviri kuwiriranisa zvatinoda kuti zvirambe zviripo neizvo zvatinosanganisira mune zvakatemwa kana mumakwikwi, kuitira kuti makambani anotishandira ave nemaitiro ekusimudzira akafanana.
"Kutyorwa kwekuchengetedza kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakanaka, nekuti injodzi yemari"
-Sustainability haisi yezvakatipoteredza chete, asiwo yemagariro evanhu. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ine parutivi zuva rekuziva nezve ruzha uye ndiyo yechipiri chinhu chezvakatipoteredza chinonyanya kukanganisa hutano mushure mekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Ndege dzine ruzha uye kune maguta ari pedyo, munoshanda sei munzvimbo ino?
-Nyaya yeruzha yakura zvakanyanya paAena, nekuti isu tave nemakore akawanda tichishanda panyaya iyi. Isu tinoshanda munzvimbo mbiri uye yekutanga ndiyo kuyerwa uye kutonga kweruzha. Isu takajeka pamusoro pemiganho yakakura uye tinoita mushumo kune nharaunda uye kune vane hunyanzvi manejimendi mukuranga nyaya. MuSpain mune chiyero chinomisikidza acoustic easements iyo inoganhura chiyero umo acoustic mhando yezvinangwa zvinogona kudarika. Munzvimbo idzi, dzimba dzakaparadzaniswa kuitira kuti mukati madzo dziite maererano. Uyezve mamwe matanho akatevedzana akaiswa muOfficial State Gazette (BOE) kuderedza ruzha senge kurambidzwa kwekushandisa reverse yeinjini pakumhara kana kushanduka kwezvikepe kuitira kuti zvinyatsoita uye zvishoma ruzha.
-Kana kuverenga kusingakundikane, iyi 2023 inoratidza makore gumi ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze muAena. Ko kambani yakashanduka sei?
-Akaona kushanduka-shanduka kunoshamisa. Pandakasvika kuAena, ruzha rwendege rwakanyatsotarisirwa, asi mamwe ese ari kubatwa iye zvino akadzorwa asi matanho chaiwo akashandiswa kutarisa mvura kana kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuronga kwakasimba kwakanga kusati kwaitwa. Yedu 2021-2030 inosimudzira zano yakasimba uye kwenguva refu, angangoita makore gumi, uye inotungamira kune zero emissions muna 2040, chinova chinangwa chekuda. Mukuwedzera, isu tinobatanidza mapato matatu. Yedu CO2 emissions inongova 5% yechikamu chepasi rose chezvendege muSpain uye nezviito zvakatorwa kuderedza kunaka kwemhepo yedu uye zvakare kufambisa nekusimudzira kusimba kweresitorendi yemutambi. Tine komisheni inoita ongororo izere yezvinoitwa nezvisingaitwe. Kutyorwa kwezvisungo zvedu kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakanaka uye kuve nehurongwa hwenjodzi, kuitira kuti kusimudzira kuri mukutarisa kwevese vanoisa mari nemabhanga. Sustainability njodzi yakabatana nenjodzi yemari uye isu tinoda kuti mutengo wemari ugoneke kwatiri, isu tinofanirwa kubata kusimba kuti tideredze njodzi iyoyo.
-Vari kuita mari zvakanyanya here?
- Zvakawanda, zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya.
